Dynamic characteristics of thyristor
•Download as PPTX, PDF•
4 likes•5,668 views
This document discusses the dynamic characteristics of thyristors, specifically the turn on time which includes delay time, rise time, and spread time. Delay time is when the gate current increases from 90-100% and anode current rises from leakage to 10% of its final value. Rise time is when anode current increases from 10-90% of its final value while anode voltage decreases from 90-10% of its initial value. Spread time is when anode current increases from 90-100% of its final value and anode voltage decreases to its minimum value, fully turning the thyristor on.
Report
Share
Report
Share
Recommended
Thyristor Characteristics, Two Transistor Model Of Thyristor & Thyrisror Turn...
Thyristor Characteristics, Two Transistor Model Of Thyristor & Thyrisror Turn...University of Gujrat, Pakistan
this is all about engineering thyristor is a very important in engineering specially in electrical and electronics engineering.IGBT
The document discusses insulated gate bipolar transistors (IGBTs). It describes IGBTs as having MOSFET-like input characteristics and bipolar junction transistor-like output characteristics. The document summarizes IGBT structure, working principles, characteristics including transfer and switching characteristics, and methods of connecting IGBTs in series and parallel. It also discusses protection of IGBTs from overvoltage, overcurrent, high dv/dt, and overheating.
SCR
These devices will act as a crowbar
when overvoltage occurs and will divert the energy away
from circuit or device that is being protected.
Scr basics
An SCR (silicon controlled rectifier) is a four-layer solid-state semiconductor device that controls the flow of current. It functions like a diode but is turned on by a gate pulse. SCRs are mainly used to control high voltage and power applications like motor control and medium/high AC power operations. The SCR starts conducting when forward biased and a positive gate pulse is applied, allowing current flow until it drops below a threshold. It has three operating modes - forward blocking, reverse blocking, and forward conducting. Common applications of SCRs include AC voltage stabilizers, switches, choppers, inverters, and power control.
Power electronics Phase Controlled Rectifiers - SCR
This chapter introduces ideas on phase controlled SCR operated rectifiers. i.e. controlled rectifiers.
Thyristor commutation techniques
To turn on a Thyristor, there are various triggering methods in which a trigger pulse is applied at its Gate terminal. Similarly, there are various techniques to turn off a Thyristor, these techniques are called Thyristor Commutation Techniques.
Scr firing circuits
As we have discussed that out of various triggering methods to turn the SCR, gate triggering is the most efficient and reliable method. Most of the control applications use this type of triggering because the desired instant of SCR turning is possible with gate triggering method.
3 phase half wave controlled converter with r Load
This document discusses three-phase converters that convert AC power to DC power for loads. It specifically describes three-phase half-wave controlled rectifiers, which are made up of three single-phase half-wave converters connected together. It provides the equation to calculate the average DC output voltage of a three-phase half-wave converter and discusses that the thyristor conducts from 30 degrees to 180 degrees for a resistive load. The document concludes by describing a problem to calculate firing angle, average/RMS load current, and efficiency for a 3-phase converter operating from a 230V 50Hz supply with a 10 ohm resistive load and 50% of maximum output voltage required.
Recommended
Thyristor Characteristics, Two Transistor Model Of Thyristor & Thyrisror Turn...
Thyristor Characteristics, Two Transistor Model Of Thyristor & Thyrisror Turn...University of Gujrat, Pakistan
this is all about engineering thyristor is a very important in engineering specially in electrical and electronics engineering.IGBT
The document discusses insulated gate bipolar transistors (IGBTs). It describes IGBTs as having MOSFET-like input characteristics and bipolar junction transistor-like output characteristics. The document summarizes IGBT structure, working principles, characteristics including transfer and switching characteristics, and methods of connecting IGBTs in series and parallel. It also discusses protection of IGBTs from overvoltage, overcurrent, high dv/dt, and overheating.
SCR
These devices will act as a crowbar
when overvoltage occurs and will divert the energy away
from circuit or device that is being protected.
Scr basics
An SCR (silicon controlled rectifier) is a four-layer solid-state semiconductor device that controls the flow of current. It functions like a diode but is turned on by a gate pulse. SCRs are mainly used to control high voltage and power applications like motor control and medium/high AC power operations. The SCR starts conducting when forward biased and a positive gate pulse is applied, allowing current flow until it drops below a threshold. It has three operating modes - forward blocking, reverse blocking, and forward conducting. Common applications of SCRs include AC voltage stabilizers, switches, choppers, inverters, and power control.
Power electronics Phase Controlled Rectifiers - SCR
This chapter introduces ideas on phase controlled SCR operated rectifiers. i.e. controlled rectifiers.
Thyristor commutation techniques
To turn on a Thyristor, there are various triggering methods in which a trigger pulse is applied at its Gate terminal. Similarly, there are various techniques to turn off a Thyristor, these techniques are called Thyristor Commutation Techniques.
Scr firing circuits
As we have discussed that out of various triggering methods to turn the SCR, gate triggering is the most efficient and reliable method. Most of the control applications use this type of triggering because the desired instant of SCR turning is possible with gate triggering method.
3 phase half wave controlled converter with r Load
This document discusses three-phase converters that convert AC power to DC power for loads. It specifically describes three-phase half-wave controlled rectifiers, which are made up of three single-phase half-wave converters connected together. It provides the equation to calculate the average DC output voltage of a three-phase half-wave converter and discusses that the thyristor conducts from 30 degrees to 180 degrees for a resistive load. The document concludes by describing a problem to calculate firing angle, average/RMS load current, and efficiency for a 3-phase converter operating from a 230V 50Hz supply with a 10 ohm resistive load and 50% of maximum output voltage required.
Thyristor
This ppt provides a brief overview on thyristors commonly known as SCRs. V- I characteristics curve, triggering methods, protection methods, series and parallel operations of SCRs, applications are discussed in this slide.
Single phase full bridge inverter
Inverter is a device which convert a DC input supply voltage into symmetric AC voltage of desired magnitude and frequency at the output side. It is also know as DC-AC converter.
Ideal and practical inverter have sinusoidal and no-sinusoidal waveforms at output respectively.
If the input dc is a voltage source, the inverter is called a Voltage Source Inverter (VSI). One can similarly think of a Current Source Inverter (CSI), where the input to the circuit is a current source. The VSI circuit has direct control over ‘output (ac) voltage’ whereas the CSI directly controls ‘output (ac) current.
Inverter is a device which convert a DC input supply voltage into symmetric AC voltage of desired magnitude and frequency at the output side. It is also know as DC-AC converter.
Ideal and practical inverter have sinusoidal and no-sinusoidal waveforms at output respectively.
If the input dc is a voltage source, the inverter is called a Voltage Source Inverter (VSI). One can similarly think of a Current Source Inverter (CSI), where the input to the circuit is a current source. The VSI circuit has direct control over ‘output (ac) voltage’ whereas the CSI directly controls ‘output (ac) current.
Silicon controlled rectifier ( SCR )
A silicon-controlled rectifier or semiconductor-controlled rectifier is a four-layer solid-state current-controlling device. Some sources define silicon-controlled rectifiers and thyristors as synonymous,[5] other sources define silicon-controlled rectifiers as a proper subset of the set of thyristors. SCRs are mainly used in devices where the control of high power, possibly coupled with high voltage, is demanded. Their operation makes them suitable for use in medium- to high-voltage AC power control applications, such as lamp dimming, power regulators and motor control.
Resonant Converter
The document summarizes resonant inverters, which use resonant current oscillation to reduce switching losses. It classifies resonant inverters into eight types, including series resonant inverters, parallel resonant inverters, and Class E resonant converters. Circuit diagrams and operating principles are provided for series resonant inverters and Class E resonant inverters. Applications mentioned include use in low power applications and high frequency electric lamps.
Controlled Rectifier
The document discusses silicon controlled rectifiers (SCRs) and their applications:
1) SCRs can convert alternating current to direct current and control the amount of power fed to a load. They have applications in power control, switching, zero voltage switching, over-voltage protection, and pulse circuits.
2) SCRs are commonly used in circuits with two SCRs to control power to a resistive-inductive load by varying the conduction angle of the SCRs.
3) SCRs can be used to make and break AC circuits by applying trigger pulses to their gates through a control switch.
Switchgear and protection 3
Over current protection
Distance protection,
Pilot wire protection
Carrier current protection
Protection of bus
Auto re-closing,
Basics of overcurrent protection
1) Over current occurs when electric current exceeds intended levels, potentially causing equipment damage from excess heat. It can be caused by short circuits, overloading, design flaws, or ground faults.
2) Over current relays contain a current coil. During normal operation, the magnetic effect is insufficient to trigger the relay. During over currents, the increased magnetic effect overcomes the restraint, moving the contact to isolate the circuit.
3) Over current relays come in instantaneous, definite time, and inverse time variations depending on their time of operation. Inverse time relays isolate faults faster for more severe over currents.
Phase Controlled Rectifiers
Operation of different phase controlled rectifiers...
Please do comment your suggestions and corrections...
Chopper operation
Introduction
Principle of chopper Operation
Control strategies
Step up Chopper
Applications of Chopper
Thyristor turn on methods
This document discusses various methods for turning on or triggering silicon controlled rectifiers (SCRs). It describes seven main triggering methods: forward voltage, temperature, dv/dt, light, gate, AC, and pulse triggering. For each method, it provides details on the triggering mechanism and notes advantages and disadvantages. The gate triggering method, which uses a positive gate current to turn on the SCR, is highlighted as the most reliable, simple and efficient triggering technique. AC triggering is also identified as the most commonly used method for AC applications.
Neutral grounding
Grounding or earthing offers two principal advantages. First, it provides protection to the power system. Secondly, earthing of electrical equipment ensures the safety of the persons handling the equipment.
Protection & switchgear
This document provides information on a Power System Protection course taught at Vivekanandha College of Engineering for Women. The syllabus covers 5 units: introduction to protection schemes, relay operating principles and characteristics, apparatus protection, theory of circuit interruption, and circuit breakers. It lists textbooks and presents details on each unit, including topics like relay types, transformer/generator/motor protection, arc phenomena, and different circuit breaker types. The last section provides references for textbooks, websites, and presentations on related topics.
Current source inverter
This document summarizes a seminar presentation on current source inverters (CSI). It introduces CSI and compares them to voltage source inverters. CSI use thyristors as self-commutating switching devices and do not require antiparallel diodes for current reversal. The document outlines the contents which include single phase CSI with ideal switches, advantages and disadvantages of CSI, single phase capacitor commutated CSI, and single phase auto sequential commutated inverter. Advantages of CSI include not requiring feedback diodes, simple commutation, and inherent short circuit protection for the supply. Disadvantages include high reverse voltages requiring devices like SCRs and continuous discharging of commutating
Diac and triac basics
Its looks like a letter Z due to symmetrical switching characteristics for each polarity of the applied voltage. ... This means that, unlike the triac and the SCR, the disc cannot be estimated to maintain a low voltage drop until its current falls below the level of holding current. A triac is a 4-layer semiconductor device with two power terminals (MT1 and MT2) and a gate terminal. It is used as a power control device for 50/60Hz AC mains applications. It is placed in series with the load connected across the mains. ... A disc is a similar 4-layer device but does not have a gate terminal.
http://bit.ly/2PIOIQM
Isolator and bushing
The document discusses various types of tests conducted on isolators, bushings, cables, and circuit breakers. Key tests include:
1. Power frequency and impulse voltage withstand tests to check the insulation strength of isolators, bushings, and cables.
2. Partial discharge and tan delta tests to evaluate insulation condition and dielectric losses.
3. Short circuit tests on circuit breakers to check their ability to safely interrupt fault currents under different voltage and current conditions.
4. Other tests include temperature rise, mechanical endurance, and measurement of electrical characteristics.
Lecture 2: Power Diodes
This document discusses power semiconductor devices used in power electronics applications. It describes the structure and operation of power diodes, including their P-I-N structure, forward and reverse characteristics, and turn-off behavior. Schottky diodes and their advantages over P-N junction diodes are also covered. The document then discusses power MOSFETs and their vertical channel structure for handling higher power. Finally, it briefly covers power bipolar junction transistors and compares them to other power devices like IGBTs and MOSFETs.
Thyrister/SCR
This document provides an overview of power thyristors, also known as SCRs (silicon controlled rectifiers). It discusses the basic construction and operation of thyristors, including:
- Thyristors are four layer semiconductor devices with three terminals - anode, cathode, and gate. The gate controls current flow.
- In forward blocking mode, the device blocks current flow. In forward conduction mode, applying a gate pulse triggers large current flow with a small voltage drop.
- Turning on involves a delay, rise, and spread time as conduction spreads. Turning off passively occurs when current reverses; carrier charges must then be removed.
- Applications include controlling output power
Fan regulator
Fan regulators are used to control the speed of electric fans. The common types are resistive, phase angle controlled, inductive, and capacitive. Resistive regulators work by inserting different taps of a resistor in series with the fan, but waste power as heat. Phase-controlled regulators use DIACs and TRIACs for continuous speed control with less heat waste but are more expensive. Inductive regulators use transformer windings and capacitive regulators insert capacitors to control voltage and speed more efficiently. Capacitive regulators provide continuous speed control while saving power at all speeds but may cost more than resistive types.
Single Phase Converter
This document summarizes a seminar on single phase converters. It discusses different types of single phase converters including half wave and full wave rectifiers as well as controlled rectifiers using thyristors. It provides equations for calculating the average output voltage and current for resistive and resistive-inductive loads. The operation and triggering of thyristors in a single phase converter is explained. Graphs of input voltage and output voltage and current are shown. The effect of an output inductor and finite commutation interval are also discussed.
relay-distance relay basics
Relays are electromagnetic switches that are designed to detect faults on electrical circuits and trip circuit breakers. They use a low amperage control circuit to operate a high amperage tripping circuit. Relays can be classified based on their construction, applications, or time of operation. Common types include impedance, reactance, mho, and digital protective relays. Impedance relays have an overcurrent operative torque and a voltage-restraining torque. Reactance relays have a current operative torque and a directional restraining torque. Mho relays induce operative torque from both voltage and current and have a voltage-restraining torque. Digital protective relays use microprocessors to analyze voltages, currents, and
Lecture-7 : Semiconductor Power Switching Devices-4
This document discusses the structure, operation, and characteristics of bipolar junction transistors (BJTs) used as power switching devices.
It describes the common collector-emitter (CE) configuration used for power BJTs and explains how the output characteristics and switching times are affected by the base current waveform. Common techniques like Darlington connection, Baker's clamping circuit, and opto-coupler isolation are summarized.
The specifications of an example power BJT and its limitations compared to other power devices like MOSFETs and IGBTs are outlined. The next lecture will cover additional power semiconductor switching devices used in power electronics.
Lecture-2 : Applications of Power Electronics
This document discusses several applications of power electronics, including:
1) Motor drives and variable speed drives which use power electronics to vary motor speed in an efficient manner and save energy compared to throttling flow with a valve.
2) LED and CFL lighting which use power electronics for power factor correction, constant current regulation and dimming controls.
3) Domestic appliances like fans which now use electronic speed controls instead of wasteful resistive controls.
More Related Content
What's hot
Thyristor
This ppt provides a brief overview on thyristors commonly known as SCRs. V- I characteristics curve, triggering methods, protection methods, series and parallel operations of SCRs, applications are discussed in this slide.
Single phase full bridge inverter
Inverter is a device which convert a DC input supply voltage into symmetric AC voltage of desired magnitude and frequency at the output side. It is also know as DC-AC converter.
Ideal and practical inverter have sinusoidal and no-sinusoidal waveforms at output respectively.
If the input dc is a voltage source, the inverter is called a Voltage Source Inverter (VSI). One can similarly think of a Current Source Inverter (CSI), where the input to the circuit is a current source. The VSI circuit has direct control over ‘output (ac) voltage’ whereas the CSI directly controls ‘output (ac) current.
Inverter is a device which convert a DC input supply voltage into symmetric AC voltage of desired magnitude and frequency at the output side. It is also know as DC-AC converter.
Ideal and practical inverter have sinusoidal and no-sinusoidal waveforms at output respectively.
If the input dc is a voltage source, the inverter is called a Voltage Source Inverter (VSI). One can similarly think of a Current Source Inverter (CSI), where the input to the circuit is a current source. The VSI circuit has direct control over ‘output (ac) voltage’ whereas the CSI directly controls ‘output (ac) current.
Silicon controlled rectifier ( SCR )
A silicon-controlled rectifier or semiconductor-controlled rectifier is a four-layer solid-state current-controlling device. Some sources define silicon-controlled rectifiers and thyristors as synonymous,[5] other sources define silicon-controlled rectifiers as a proper subset of the set of thyristors. SCRs are mainly used in devices where the control of high power, possibly coupled with high voltage, is demanded. Their operation makes them suitable for use in medium- to high-voltage AC power control applications, such as lamp dimming, power regulators and motor control.
Resonant Converter
The document summarizes resonant inverters, which use resonant current oscillation to reduce switching losses. It classifies resonant inverters into eight types, including series resonant inverters, parallel resonant inverters, and Class E resonant converters. Circuit diagrams and operating principles are provided for series resonant inverters and Class E resonant inverters. Applications mentioned include use in low power applications and high frequency electric lamps.
Controlled Rectifier
The document discusses silicon controlled rectifiers (SCRs) and their applications:
1) SCRs can convert alternating current to direct current and control the amount of power fed to a load. They have applications in power control, switching, zero voltage switching, over-voltage protection, and pulse circuits.
2) SCRs are commonly used in circuits with two SCRs to control power to a resistive-inductive load by varying the conduction angle of the SCRs.
3) SCRs can be used to make and break AC circuits by applying trigger pulses to their gates through a control switch.
Switchgear and protection 3
Over current protection
Distance protection,
Pilot wire protection
Carrier current protection
Protection of bus
Auto re-closing,
Basics of overcurrent protection
1) Over current occurs when electric current exceeds intended levels, potentially causing equipment damage from excess heat. It can be caused by short circuits, overloading, design flaws, or ground faults.
2) Over current relays contain a current coil. During normal operation, the magnetic effect is insufficient to trigger the relay. During over currents, the increased magnetic effect overcomes the restraint, moving the contact to isolate the circuit.
3) Over current relays come in instantaneous, definite time, and inverse time variations depending on their time of operation. Inverse time relays isolate faults faster for more severe over currents.
Phase Controlled Rectifiers
Operation of different phase controlled rectifiers...
Please do comment your suggestions and corrections...
Chopper operation
Introduction
Principle of chopper Operation
Control strategies
Step up Chopper
Applications of Chopper
Thyristor turn on methods
This document discusses various methods for turning on or triggering silicon controlled rectifiers (SCRs). It describes seven main triggering methods: forward voltage, temperature, dv/dt, light, gate, AC, and pulse triggering. For each method, it provides details on the triggering mechanism and notes advantages and disadvantages. The gate triggering method, which uses a positive gate current to turn on the SCR, is highlighted as the most reliable, simple and efficient triggering technique. AC triggering is also identified as the most commonly used method for AC applications.
Neutral grounding
Grounding or earthing offers two principal advantages. First, it provides protection to the power system. Secondly, earthing of electrical equipment ensures the safety of the persons handling the equipment.
Protection & switchgear
This document provides information on a Power System Protection course taught at Vivekanandha College of Engineering for Women. The syllabus covers 5 units: introduction to protection schemes, relay operating principles and characteristics, apparatus protection, theory of circuit interruption, and circuit breakers. It lists textbooks and presents details on each unit, including topics like relay types, transformer/generator/motor protection, arc phenomena, and different circuit breaker types. The last section provides references for textbooks, websites, and presentations on related topics.
Current source inverter
This document summarizes a seminar presentation on current source inverters (CSI). It introduces CSI and compares them to voltage source inverters. CSI use thyristors as self-commutating switching devices and do not require antiparallel diodes for current reversal. The document outlines the contents which include single phase CSI with ideal switches, advantages and disadvantages of CSI, single phase capacitor commutated CSI, and single phase auto sequential commutated inverter. Advantages of CSI include not requiring feedback diodes, simple commutation, and inherent short circuit protection for the supply. Disadvantages include high reverse voltages requiring devices like SCRs and continuous discharging of commutating
Diac and triac basics
Its looks like a letter Z due to symmetrical switching characteristics for each polarity of the applied voltage. ... This means that, unlike the triac and the SCR, the disc cannot be estimated to maintain a low voltage drop until its current falls below the level of holding current. A triac is a 4-layer semiconductor device with two power terminals (MT1 and MT2) and a gate terminal. It is used as a power control device for 50/60Hz AC mains applications. It is placed in series with the load connected across the mains. ... A disc is a similar 4-layer device but does not have a gate terminal.
http://bit.ly/2PIOIQM
Isolator and bushing
The document discusses various types of tests conducted on isolators, bushings, cables, and circuit breakers. Key tests include:
1. Power frequency and impulse voltage withstand tests to check the insulation strength of isolators, bushings, and cables.
2. Partial discharge and tan delta tests to evaluate insulation condition and dielectric losses.
3. Short circuit tests on circuit breakers to check their ability to safely interrupt fault currents under different voltage and current conditions.
4. Other tests include temperature rise, mechanical endurance, and measurement of electrical characteristics.
Lecture 2: Power Diodes
This document discusses power semiconductor devices used in power electronics applications. It describes the structure and operation of power diodes, including their P-I-N structure, forward and reverse characteristics, and turn-off behavior. Schottky diodes and their advantages over P-N junction diodes are also covered. The document then discusses power MOSFETs and their vertical channel structure for handling higher power. Finally, it briefly covers power bipolar junction transistors and compares them to other power devices like IGBTs and MOSFETs.
Thyrister/SCR
This document provides an overview of power thyristors, also known as SCRs (silicon controlled rectifiers). It discusses the basic construction and operation of thyristors, including:
- Thyristors are four layer semiconductor devices with three terminals - anode, cathode, and gate. The gate controls current flow.
- In forward blocking mode, the device blocks current flow. In forward conduction mode, applying a gate pulse triggers large current flow with a small voltage drop.
- Turning on involves a delay, rise, and spread time as conduction spreads. Turning off passively occurs when current reverses; carrier charges must then be removed.
- Applications include controlling output power
Fan regulator
Fan regulators are used to control the speed of electric fans. The common types are resistive, phase angle controlled, inductive, and capacitive. Resistive regulators work by inserting different taps of a resistor in series with the fan, but waste power as heat. Phase-controlled regulators use DIACs and TRIACs for continuous speed control with less heat waste but are more expensive. Inductive regulators use transformer windings and capacitive regulators insert capacitors to control voltage and speed more efficiently. Capacitive regulators provide continuous speed control while saving power at all speeds but may cost more than resistive types.
Single Phase Converter
This document summarizes a seminar on single phase converters. It discusses different types of single phase converters including half wave and full wave rectifiers as well as controlled rectifiers using thyristors. It provides equations for calculating the average output voltage and current for resistive and resistive-inductive loads. The operation and triggering of thyristors in a single phase converter is explained. Graphs of input voltage and output voltage and current are shown. The effect of an output inductor and finite commutation interval are also discussed.
relay-distance relay basics
Relays are electromagnetic switches that are designed to detect faults on electrical circuits and trip circuit breakers. They use a low amperage control circuit to operate a high amperage tripping circuit. Relays can be classified based on their construction, applications, or time of operation. Common types include impedance, reactance, mho, and digital protective relays. Impedance relays have an overcurrent operative torque and a voltage-restraining torque. Reactance relays have a current operative torque and a directional restraining torque. Mho relays induce operative torque from both voltage and current and have a voltage-restraining torque. Digital protective relays use microprocessors to analyze voltages, currents, and
What's hot (20)
Viewers also liked
Lecture-7 : Semiconductor Power Switching Devices-4
This document discusses the structure, operation, and characteristics of bipolar junction transistors (BJTs) used as power switching devices.
It describes the common collector-emitter (CE) configuration used for power BJTs and explains how the output characteristics and switching times are affected by the base current waveform. Common techniques like Darlington connection, Baker's clamping circuit, and opto-coupler isolation are summarized.
The specifications of an example power BJT and its limitations compared to other power devices like MOSFETs and IGBTs are outlined. The next lecture will cover additional power semiconductor switching devices used in power electronics.
Lecture-2 : Applications of Power Electronics
This document discusses several applications of power electronics, including:
1) Motor drives and variable speed drives which use power electronics to vary motor speed in an efficient manner and save energy compared to throttling flow with a valve.
2) LED and CFL lighting which use power electronics for power factor correction, constant current regulation and dimming controls.
3) Domestic appliances like fans which now use electronic speed controls instead of wasteful resistive controls.
SCR
Thyristors are semiconductor devices that act as electrically controlled switches. The document discusses the thyristor family including SCRs, TRIACs, DIACs, and GTOs. It focuses on SCRs, providing details on their construction, V-I characteristics, and triggering methods like gate triggering. SCRs are used in applications like AC-DC converters and inverters as high power switches. TRIACs and DIACs are also briefly introduced.
Thyristors,Commutayion of Thyristor, Power Electronics
This document discusses thyristor devices, specifically silicon controlled rectifiers (SCRs). It describes the basic structure and operation of SCRs, including how they are turned on through their gate and turned off by reducing their anode current. The document outlines various ratings of SCRs such as current, voltage, and switching ratings. It also discusses how SCRs can be connected in series and parallel configurations and describes different gate triggering and commutation circuits used to control SCR operation. Finally, it briefly introduces some other types of thyristor devices.
3.bipolar junction transistor (bjt)
Bipolar junction transistors (BJTs) are three-terminal semiconductor devices consisting of two pn junctions. There are two types, NPN and PNP, depending on the order of doping. BJTs can operate as amplifiers and switches by controlling the flow of majority charge carriers through the base terminal. Proper biasing is required to operate the transistor in its active region between cutoff and saturation. Common configurations include common-base, common-emitter, and common-collector, each with different input and output characteristics. Maximum ratings like power dissipation and voltages must be considered for circuit design and temperature derating.
Thyristor Commutation Techniques
The document discusses different techniques for commutating thyristors, including natural commutation which occurs in AC circuits, and forced commutation which is applied to DC circuits using elements like inductance and capacitance. It describes various methods of forced commutation such as self commutation, resonant pulse commutation, complementary commutation, and impulse commutation. Examples and equations are provided for calculating timing and component values for resonant pulse commutation and complementary commutation circuits.
Viewers also liked (6)
Lecture-7 : Semiconductor Power Switching Devices-4
Lecture-7 : Semiconductor Power Switching Devices-4
Thyristors,Commutayion of Thyristor, Power Electronics
Thyristors,Commutayion of Thyristor, Power Electronics
Similar to Dynamic characteristics of thyristor
SCR2.pptx
1) SCRs can withstand maximum di/dt rates of 20-200 A/μs before local heating occurs. An inductor in series helps limit high di/dt.
2) The turn-on time of an SCR has three components - delay time (td), rise time (tr), and spread time (ts).
3) The turn-off time of an SCR consists of reverse recovery time and gate recovery time needed to remove trapped charges.
Power Electronics- More about Devices.pptx
This gives the detailed characteristics of SCR, MOSFET and IGBT. It also includes the Firing Circuit, Commutation Circuit and Snubber Circuit of SCR
Power Electronics- More about Devices.pptx
This gives the detailed characteristics of SCR, MOSFET and IGBT. It also includes the Firing Circuit, Commutation Circuit and Snubber Circuit of SCR
protection circuits of scr.pptx
This document discusses various protection methods for SCRs. SCRs can be damaged by overvoltage, overcurrent, high dv/dt and high di/dt. Overvoltage can occur internally during reverse recovery or externally from transients. Snubber circuits with RC networks protect against overvoltage by limiting dv/dt. Fuses and circuit breakers coordinate to protect against overcurrent. Inductors limit di/dt during turn-on. Snubber circuits also protect against false triggering from high dv/dt. Proper protection is needed to operate SCRs within their ratings.
lecture_5_thyristorshjjjjjkjkkkmmmmmmmmmmm
Thyristors are four-layer pnpn power semiconductor devices that switch between conducting and nonconducting states in response to a control signal. They are used in timing circuits, AC motor speed control and switching circuits. Thyristors have lower on-state conduction losses and higher power handling capability compared to transistors, but worse switching performances. Common thyristor devices include SCRs, SCSs, triacs, diacs, PUTs, and GTOs. Thyristors can be turned on through forward voltage triggering, gate triggering, dv/dt triggering, temperature triggering, or light triggering, with gate triggering being the most common method.
Turn on Methods of SCR.pdf
This document discusses different methods for turning on or triggering an SCR (silicon controlled rectifier). It describes gate triggering as the most common and efficient method, where a positive voltage applied between the gate and cathode terminals injects electrons to cause breakdown at junction J2. It also discusses forward voltage, temperature, dv/dt, and light triggering but indicates they have disadvantages like requiring high voltages, causing thermal runaway, or producing high voltage spikes. Pulse triggering with a single pulse or train of pulses through a pulse transformer is highlighted as the most popular gate triggering method to reduce gate losses.
Ape thyristor
Thyristor is a four-layered semiconductor device that can conduct current in one direction when a gate signal is applied. It has the property of latching where it stays in the forward conducting state even after the removal of the gate signal. The document discusses the structure of a thyristor including the doped layers, its operating characteristics like turn on, turn off and static characteristics. It describes the transient behaviors during turn on and turn off and limitations during these processes. The document also covers parameters mentioned in thyristor datasheets and different types of thyristors like SCR, DIAC and TRIAC.
Devices part 2
This document discusses power semiconductor devices and related topics over multiple pages. It covers SCR firing circuits, commutation circuits, heat sinks, snubber circuits, fuse selection, and the series and parallel operation of SCRs. It also discusses switching losses that occur in semiconductor devices when they are turned on and off. Key points covered include how SCRs are fired, the purpose of commutation and snubber circuits, heat dissipation methods, fuse types and ratings, and factors that influence power losses in semiconductor switches.
2b.pptx
This document discusses impulse voltage and impulse generators. It defines impulse voltage as a unidirectional voltage that rises rapidly to a peak value and then drops to zero more or less rapidly. Impulse voltages are used to study the effects of transient overvoltages from lightning or switching on electrical systems. Impulse generators produce high voltage impulses and come in single stage or multistage varieties. Multistage generators allow achieving higher voltages through a Marx circuit configuration that charges and discharges capacitors in series. The document covers impulse waveform specifications, generator components, triggering methods, and applications of impulse voltage testing.
Silicon controlled rectifier
SCRs are mainly used in devices where the control of high power, possibly coupled with high voltage, is demanded. Their operation makes them suitable for use in medium- to high-voltage AC power control applications, such as lamp dimming, power regulators and motor control.
SCR1 missing concepts22.pptx
The document discusses power electronics and semiconductor devices used for power control, including switches like diodes, transistors, and thyristors. It provides details on thyristors such as how they work, ratings like voltage and current ratings, and applications in areas like HVDC transmission and motor speed control. Power electronics converters are described as using solid-state electronics to control and convert electric power. Their advantages include high reliability, efficiency and fast response while disadvantages include low overload capacity and generation of harmonics.
Power Electronic Devices
The document discusses thyristors (also called SCRs). It describes thyristors as 4-layer 3-junction semiconductor devices that can be turned on by applying a gate current. Once on, the gate loses control and it remains on until the anode current drops below the holding current level. The document summarizes the construction, working principles, static and switching characteristics of thyristors including forward and reverse operation, latching/holding currents, turn on/off times. It also discusses different firing circuits used to trigger thyristors like R, RC, and UJT triggering.
Turn ON-OFF Methods of SCR.pptx
- Forward voltage triggering turns on an SCR by increasing the voltage across it until avalanche breakdown occurs at the inner junction J2, known as the forward breakover voltage VBO.
- Temperature triggering increases the junction temperature until breakdown, but causes thermal runaway and is not commonly used.
- DV/DT triggering rapidly changes the forward bias voltage, inducing a current that exceeds the holding current and turns on the SCR.
- Light triggering uses photons to generate electron-hole pairs, lowering the breakdown voltage and turning on the SCR. It prevents electrical noise but the SCR remains unidirectional.
Thyristor
The document discusses thyristors, which are semiconductor devices that can be used as electrically controlled switches. It provides details on:
- The history and development of thyristors from the 1950s onward.
- The basic construction of a thyristor, which consists of four layers of alternating P-type and N-type semiconductor material.
- The three main modes of operation for thyristors - reverse blocking, forward blocking, and forward conducting.
- Applications of thyristors onboard ships, including use in motor starters, variable frequency drives, converter circuits, and inverter circuits.
Scr
This document provides an overview of SCR (silicon controlled rectifier) characteristics and operating principles. It discusses:
1. SCR structure and characteristics, including static and transient two-transistor models.
2. Methods for turning SCRs on, including gate triggering, dv/dt triggering, and light triggering. Turn-on characteristics like delay time and rise time are examined.
3. Methods for turning SCRs off, including natural/line commutation in AC circuits and forced commutation techniques for DC circuits like load side commutation methods.
The document aims to explain SCR functionality and behavior for applications in power electronics circuits. Key aspects like turn-on, turn-
Module 2 thyristors
This document discusses thyristors, which are power semiconductor devices that operate as bistable switches. It covers thyristor characteristics such as static and switching behavior, and triggering methods including gate triggering. Key points include that thyristors can be turned on through thermal, light, voltage, or gate current methods, and turn off when forward current decreases below the holding current. The document also examines thyristor circuits and protection considerations against high di/dt and dv/dt.
SCR unit II.pptx
The document discusses the symbol, construction, working modes, and applications of SCR (silicon controlled rectifier). It provides details on the following:
- SCR has 3 terminals - anode, cathode, and gate. It conducts current in one direction like a diode but requires a gate pulse for triggering.
- Internally, it has 4 layers that form 3 PN junctions. It can operate in forward blocking, forward conduction, and reverse blocking modes depending on terminal polarity and gate pulse.
- Common applications include motor speed control where SCRs control current to the motor armature. Proper mounting using leads, bolts or studs with insulation is required to dissipate heat generated
SCR3.pptx
1. To turn off an SCR, its anode current must be reduced below the holding current level and then a reverse voltage must be applied.
2. There are several methods of commutating an SCR, including natural commutation using an AC supply and various forced commutation classes that use external circuits to forcibly turn off the SCR.
3. Forced commutation techniques include classes A through F, which use resonant loads, LC circuits, additional SCRs, or external pulse sources to reduce an SCR's anode current or apply a reverse voltage to turn it off.
Power Electronics- Power Semiconductor devices.pptx
Introduction to power electronics, Working and Characteristics of the main power semiconductor devices used in power electronic applications
Commutation Circuits[Autosaved].ppt
Commutation is the process of turning off a conducting thyristor. There are two types of commutation: voltage commutation, which involves making the anode negative with respect to the cathode, and current commutation, which reduces the anode current below the holding current value. For successful commutation, the reverse voltage or low anode current condition must be maintained for at least the thyristor turn-off time to prevent it from conducting again without a gate signal. Commutation techniques can be classified as natural commutation, which occurs during the negative half cycle of an AC supply, or forced commutation, which requires an external commutation circuit when using DC.
Similar to Dynamic characteristics of thyristor (20)
Power Electronics- Power Semiconductor devices.pptx
Power Electronics- Power Semiconductor devices.pptx
More from Nisarg Amin
Goods & services tax (gst)
This document provides an overview of the Goods and Services Tax (GST) implemented in India. It explains that GST is a single tax levied on the manufacture, sale, and consumption of goods and services. The document outlines the tax structure and rates of GST, how it addresses issues with the previous indirect tax system, and the potential benefits and challenges of implementing GST in India.
Power system earthing
The document discusses power system earthing. Earthing involves connecting electrical equipment to the earth to provide an alternative path for fault currents. This protects equipment and users from electrical shock. Common earthing methods include plate, pipe, rod, and strip earthing. Plate and pipe earthing involve burying copper or steel plates/pipes underground. Rod earthing uses driven copper or steel rods. Strip earthing buries copper or steel strips in trenches. Proper earthing is important for safety and maintaining voltage levels in electrical systems.
Improving boiler availability
This document discusses methods for improving boiler availability and efficiency. It outlines that combustion management through proper draft and air-fuel mixture control, feedwater management through condensate recovery, and steam distribution management through optimal piping design and insulation are the main areas for improvement. Maintaining high combustion efficiency requires burning fuel completely with minimal excess air while extracting maximum heat from combustion gases. Feedwater contaminants are reduced through condensate recovery to decrease makeup water. Steam distribution needs properly sized and insulated piping to minimize heat loss along with regular maintenance of steam traps and other components.
Types of welding
The document discusses different types of welding including butt welding, spot welding, carbon-arc welding, and metal arc welding. Butt welding involves clamping two metal pieces together face to face and applying a current through electrodes to reach melting temperature. Spot welding is commonly used to join sheets and can be operated by semi-skilled workers. Carbon-arc welding uses a carbon electrode and is suitable for non-ferrous metals. Metal arc welding produces an electrical arc between a consumable electrode and workpiece to fuse the metals together.
Symmetrical component method for 3 phase power representation
This document provides an introduction to the symmetrical component method for representing three-phase power systems. It explains that symmetrical component analysis is useful for analyzing unbalanced conditions in power systems, such as during faults. It describes how symmetrical components are used in protective relaying schemes for generators and ground faults. Mathematically, it represents how voltage phasors can be broken down into positive, negative, and zero sequence components. The document focuses on the practical application to three-phase systems and provides the phasor representations and relationships between the different sequence components in matrix form.
Streamer theory
The document discusses streamer theory, which overcomes some limitations of Townsend's theory in explaining electric breakdown. Streamer theory proposes that a single avalanche can develop directly into a spark discharge due to the effects of space charge fields and photoionization. As electrons move rapidly through the gas, they leave behind a trail of slower positive ions, enhancing the electric field in front and behind the avalanche head. This leads to further avalanches and the formation of a streamer discharge between the electrodes. Meek provided a quantitative model to estimate the electric field needed to transform an avalanche into a streamer.
Flowchart for optimal design of dc machine and transfomer
The document discusses the construction, working principle, applications, and disadvantages of DC machines. It also discusses the introduction, working principle, classification, and types (step up and step down) of transformers. The key steps in the construction of a DC machine are the yoke, pole shoes, field winding, armature core and winding, and commutator. DC machines can be used for applications that require constant or variable speed such as lathes or electric traction. Disadvantages include high cost and sparking risks. Transformers work using mutual inductance between coils to transfer energy from one circuit to another while maintaining isolation.
Design of commutator and brush
The commutator and brush arrangement is used to convert bidirectional internal current to unidirectional external current or vice versa.
The current flows through the brush mounted on the commutator.
The brushes are located at magnetic neutral axis which is midway between two adjacent poles.
Types of commutation:
Resistance commutation
Retarded commutation
Accelerated commutation
Sinusoidal commutation
Typical a.c. supply system
1. The document discusses a typical AC power supply scheme. Electric power is generated at 11kV in generating stations and stepped up to 132kV for primary transmission via overhead lines to cities.
2. At receiving stations, the voltage is stepped down to 33kV for primary distribution via 11kV lines along roads. Distribution stations further step down voltage to 400V for secondary distribution to consumers.
3. Advantages of high voltage AC transmission include reduced conductor material, increased transmission efficiency, and decreased line losses. Proper selection of transmission voltage is important for economical power transmission.
Servomechanism in Control systems engineering
A servomechanism is a closed-loop control system that uses feedback to accurately control a device. It consists of a controlled device, an output sensor, and a feedback system. The feedback system compares the output signal to a reference input and generates a third signal to control the device. This process continues until the output matches the reference input. A servo motor is a type of servomechanism that uses a DC motor, potentiometer, gearing, and control circuitry to rotate a shaft to a desired position based on feedback. It reduces motor speed through gearing while increasing torque. The potentiometer provides feedback of the shaft position to the control circuitry, which drives the motor until the positions match, stopping
Digital logic devices
A decoder is a logic circuit that takes a binary input and activates only one of multiple outputs. It determines which number is represented by the inputs and activates the single output corresponding to that number. There are various types of decoders that can provide active-high or active-low outputs. Different types of memory include RAM, ROM, and hybrid memories. RAM is volatile and loses its data when power is removed, while ROM maintains its data permanently. Specific ROM types include PROM, EPROM, EEPROM, and flash memory, which differ in how they are programmed and erased.
Design of field regulators for dc shunt generators
The field regulator in a DC shunt generator controls the field current to regulate the terminal voltage. The generated EMF is directly proportional to the field current and flux per pole. As load increases, the terminal voltage decreases slightly due to armature resistance and reaction. However, by increasing the field current, the terminal voltage can be maintained constant regardless of load. A shunt field regulator, which is a variable resistance in the field circuit, allows control of the induced EMF to regulate the terminal voltage without varying the generator speed.
Firewall and its types and function
This document discusses firewalls and their types and functions. It defines a firewall as a system used to control access between trusted and untrusted networks using pre-configured rules. There are two main types of firewalls - hardware firewalls which are physical devices that protect entire networks, and software firewalls which are applications installed on individual computers. The document also outlines several firewall techniques including packet filtering, application gateways, circuit-level gateways, and bastion hosts. It provides examples of what personal firewalls can and cannot do to protect individual computers.
Nuclear power plant
Nuclear fuel undergoes fission chain reactions in nuclear reactors to produce heat energy. Common nuclear fuels are Uranium-235 and Plutonium-239. Control rods are used to control the rate of the chain reaction. Heat from the nuclear reaction is used to convert water to steam, which powers turbines connected to generators to produce electricity. Nuclear power produces low carbon emissions but radioactive waste disposal remains an issue and uranium resources will be depleted in the coming decades.
Properties of fourier transform
The document discusses 11 properties of the Fourier transform: (1) Linearity and superposition, (2) Time scaling, (3) Time shifting, (4) Duality or symmetry, (5) Area under the time domain function equals the Fourier transform at f=0, (6) Area under the Fourier transform equals the time domain function at t=0, (7) Frequency shifting, (8) Differentiation in the time domain, (9) Integration in the time domain, (10) Multiplication in the time domain becomes convolution in the frequency domain, and (11) Convolution in the time domain becomes multiplication in the frequency domain. Each property is explained briefly.
Induction generator
The document discusses induction generators, including their principle of operation, reactive power requirements, and applications. An induction generator operates when its rotor spins faster than synchronous speed, inducing currents to flow and generating power. It requires an external power source to produce a rotating magnetic field, such as a capacitor bank. Induction generators have advantages of being mechanically simple and rugged compared to other generator types. Their main applications are in wind turbines and dynamic braking systems due to their ability to operate over a range of speeds.
Engineering applications of thermodynamics
The document discusses different thermodynamic cycles used in steam power plants, including Rankine, reheat, and regeneration cycles. It provides diagrams and equations to analyze each cycle. The Rankine cycle involves boiling water to steam, expanding the steam in a turbine, condensing it back to water, and pumping the water to high pressure. Both the reheat and regeneration cycles improve the Rankine cycle efficiency by adding additional heat transfer processes. The reheat cycle reheats steam after the high-pressure turbine, while regeneration uses feedwater heating to preheat water before boiling.
Decimal number system
The document discusses decimal and hexadecimal number systems. The decimal system uses 10 symbols (0-9) in a positional notation where the value of each digit depends on its position. Hexadecimal uses 16 symbols (0-9 plus A-F) with a base of 16. To convert between number systems, the integer and fractional parts are converted separately by repeated division or multiplication by the new base. For example, to convert decimal 765.245 to hexadecimal, 765 divides into 16 with remainder 13 and fractional part 0.245 is multiplied by 16 repeatedly.
Cylindrical co ordinate system
This document discusses cylindrical coordinate systems including point transformations between cylindrical and rectangular coordinates, differential elements in cylindrical coordinates such as differential volume and length, and dot products of unit vectors in cylindrical and rectangular coordinate systems. It covers topics such as the differential volume formula in cylindrical coordinates, dV = ρ dρ dφ dz, and differential elements in cylindrical coordinate systems.
Types of cables
The document discusses different types of cables used in electrical installations and their components. It describes that a cable consists of a conductor and insulation. Common conductor materials include copper, aluminum, and copper/aluminum welds. Insulation provides protection and comes in polymers, plastics or elastomers. Color coding helps identify wires. Key cable types discussed are coaxial, shielded/unshielded twisted pair, armored, control, power, portable and telephone cables.
More from Nisarg Amin (20)
Symmetrical component method for 3 phase power representation
Symmetrical component method for 3 phase power representation
Flowchart for optimal design of dc machine and transfomer
Flowchart for optimal design of dc machine and transfomer
Design of field regulators for dc shunt generators
Design of field regulators for dc shunt generators
Recently uploaded
KuberTENes Birthday Bash Guadalajara - K8sGPT first impressions
K8sGPT is a tool that analyzes and diagnoses Kubernetes clusters. This presentation was used to share the requirements and dependencies to deploy K8sGPT in a local environment.
哪里办理(csu毕业证书)查尔斯特大学毕业证硕士学历原版一模一样
原版一模一样【微信：741003700 】【(csu毕业证书)查尔斯特大学毕业证硕士学历】【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原海外各大学 Bachelor Diploma degree, Master Degree Diploma
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
Low power architecture of logic gates using adiabatic techniques
The growing significance of portable systems to limit power consumption in ultra-large-scale-integration chips of very high density, has recently led to rapid and inventive progresses in low-power design. The most effective technique is adiabatic logic circuit design in energy-efficient hardware. This paper presents two adiabatic approaches for the design of low power circuits, modified positive feedback adiabatic logic (modified PFAL) and the other is direct current diode based positive feedback adiabatic logic (DC-DB PFAL). Logic gates are the preliminary components in any digital circuit design. By improving the performance of basic gates, one can improvise the whole system performance. In this paper proposed circuit design of the low power architecture of OR/NOR, AND/NAND, and XOR/XNOR gates are presented using the said approaches and their results are analyzed for powerdissipation, delay, power-delay-product and rise time and compared with the other adiabatic techniques along with the conventional complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) designs reported in the literature. It has been found that the designs with DC-DB PFAL technique outperform with the percentage improvement of 65% for NOR gate and 7% for NAND gate and 34% for XNOR gate over the modified PFAL techniques at 10 MHz respectively.
CHINA’S GEO-ECONOMIC OUTREACH IN CENTRAL ASIAN COUNTRIES AND FUTURE PROSPECT
The rivalry between prominent international actors for dominance over Central Asia's hydrocarbon
reserves and the ancient silk trade route, along with China's diplomatic endeavours in the area, has been
referred to as the "New Great Game." This research centres on the power struggle, considering
geopolitical, geostrategic, and geoeconomic variables. Topics including trade, political hegemony, oil
politics, and conventional and nontraditional security are all explored and explained by the researcher.
Using Mackinder's Heartland, Spykman Rimland, and Hegemonic Stability theories, examines China's role
in Central Asia. This study adheres to the empirical epistemological method and has taken care of
objectivity. This study analyze primary and secondary research documents critically to elaborate role of
china’s geo economic outreach in central Asian countries and its future prospect. China is thriving in trade,
pipeline politics, and winning states, according to this study, thanks to important instruments like the
Shanghai Cooperation Organisation and the Belt and Road Economic Initiative. According to this study,
China is seeing significant success in commerce, pipeline politics, and gaining influence on other
governments. This success may be attributed to the effective utilisation of key tools such as the Shanghai
Cooperation Organisation and the Belt and Road Economic Initiative.
6th International Conference on Machine Learning & Applications (CMLA 2024)
6th International Conference on Machine Learning & Applications (CMLA 2024) will provide an excellent international forum for sharing knowledge and results in theory, methodology and applications of on Machine Learning & Applications.
bank management system in java and mysql report1.pdf
truth is high but higher still is truth full living
DfMAy 2024 - key insights and contributions
We have compiled the most important slides from each speaker's presentation. This year’s compilation, available for free, captures the key insights and contributions shared during the DfMAy 2024 conference.
Technical Drawings introduction to drawing of prisms
Method of technical Drawing of prisms,and cylinders.
5214-1693458878915-Unit 6 2023 to 2024 academic year assignment (AutoRecovere...
Bigdata of technology
22CYT12-Unit-V-E Waste and its Management.ppt
Introduction- e - waste – definition - sources of e-waste– hazardous substances in e-waste - effects of e-waste on environment and human health- need for e-waste management– e-waste handling rules - waste minimization techniques for managing e-waste – recycling of e-waste - disposal treatment methods of e- waste – mechanism of extraction of precious metal from leaching solution-global Scenario of E-waste – E-waste in India- case studies.
Heap Sort (SS).ppt FOR ENGINEERING GRADUATES, BCA, MCA, MTECH, BSC STUDENTS
HEAP SORT ILLUSTRATED WITH HEAPIFY, BUILD HEAP FOR DYNAMIC ARRAYS.
Heap sort is a comparison-based sorting technique based on Binary Heap data structure. It is similar to the selection sort where we first find the minimum element and place the minimum element at the beginning. Repeat the same process for the remaining elements.
Modelagem de um CSTR com reação endotermica.pdf
Modelagem em função de transferencia. CSTR não-linear.
Hierarchical Digital Twin of a Naval Power System
A hierarchical digital twin of a Naval DC power system has been developed and experimentally verified. Similar to other state-of-the-art digital twins, this technology creates a digital replica of the physical system executed in real-time or faster, which can modify hardware controls. However, its advantage stems from distributing computational efforts by utilizing a hierarchical structure composed of lower-level digital twin blocks and a higher-level system digital twin. Each digital twin block is associated with a physical subsystem of the hardware and communicates with a singular system digital twin, which creates a system-level response. By extracting information from each level of the hierarchy, power system controls of the hardware were reconfigured autonomously. This hierarchical digital twin development offers several advantages over other digital twins, particularly in the field of naval power systems. The hierarchical structure allows for greater computational efficiency and scalability while the ability to autonomously reconfigure hardware controls offers increased flexibility and responsiveness. The hierarchical decomposition and models utilized were well aligned with the physical twin, as indicated by the maximum deviations between the developed digital twin hierarchy and the hardware.
Harnessing WebAssembly for Real-time Stateless Streaming Pipelines
Traditionally, dealing with real-time data pipelines has involved significant overhead, even for straightforward tasks like data transformation or masking. However, in this talk, we’ll venture into the dynamic realm of WebAssembly (WASM) and discover how it can revolutionize the creation of stateless streaming pipelines within a Kafka (Redpanda) broker. These pipelines are adept at managing low-latency, high-data-volume scenarios.
Recently uploaded (20)
KuberTENes Birthday Bash Guadalajara - K8sGPT first impressions
KuberTENes Birthday Bash Guadalajara - K8sGPT first impressions
Low power architecture of logic gates using adiabatic techniques
Low power architecture of logic gates using adiabatic techniques
CHINA’S GEO-ECONOMIC OUTREACH IN CENTRAL ASIAN COUNTRIES AND FUTURE PROSPECT
CHINA’S GEO-ECONOMIC OUTREACH IN CENTRAL ASIAN COUNTRIES AND FUTURE PROSPECT
6th International Conference on Machine Learning & Applications (CMLA 2024)
6th International Conference on Machine Learning & Applications (CMLA 2024)
bank management system in java and mysql report1.pdf
bank management system in java and mysql report1.pdf
Generative AI leverages algorithms to create various forms of content
Generative AI leverages algorithms to create various forms of content
ACRP 4-09 Risk Assessment Method to Support Modification of Airfield Separat...
ACRP 4-09 Risk Assessment Method to Support Modification of Airfield Separat...
Technical Drawings introduction to drawing of prisms
Technical Drawings introduction to drawing of prisms
5214-1693458878915-Unit 6 2023 to 2024 academic year assignment (AutoRecovere...
5214-1693458878915-Unit 6 2023 to 2024 academic year assignment (AutoRecovere...
Heap Sort (SS).ppt FOR ENGINEERING GRADUATES, BCA, MCA, MTECH, BSC STUDENTS
Heap Sort (SS).ppt FOR ENGINEERING GRADUATES, BCA, MCA, MTECH, BSC STUDENTS
Harnessing WebAssembly for Real-time Stateless Streaming Pipelines
Harnessing WebAssembly for Real-time Stateless Streaming Pipelines
Tutorial for 16S rRNA Gene Analysis with QIIME2.pdf
Tutorial for 16S rRNA Gene Analysis with QIIME2.pdf
Dynamic characteristics of thyristor
- 1. Name:- Nisarg Amin Topic:- Dynamic Characteristics Of Thyristor 1
- 2. Dynamic (Turn ON) Characteristics Of SCR
- 4. 1. Turn ON Time of SCR:- • A forward biased thyristor can be turned on by applying a positive voltage between gate and cathode terminal. • But it takes some transition time to go from forward blocking mode to forward conduction mode. • This transition time is called turn on time of SCR and it can be subdivided into three small intervals as delay time (td) rise time(tr), spread time(ts).
- 5. 2. Delay Time of SCR:- • After application of gate current, the thyristor will start conducting over a very tiny region. • Delay time of SCR can be defined as the time taken by the gate current to increase from 90% to 100% of its final value Ig. • From another point of view, delay time is the interval in which anode current rises from forward leakage current to 10% of its final value and at the same time anode voltage will fall from 100% to 90% of its initial value Va.
- 6. 3. Rise Time of SCR:- • Rise time of SCR in the time taken by the anode current to rise from 10% to 90% of its final value. • At the same time anode voltage will fall from 90% to 10% of its initial value Va. • The phenomenon of decreasing anode voltage and increasing anode current is entirely dependent upon the type of the load. • For example if we connect a inductive load, voltage will fall in a faster rate than the current increasing.
- 7. • This is happened because induction does not allow initially high voltage change through it. • On the other hand if we connect a capacitive load it does not allow initial high voltage change through it, hence current increasing rate will be faster than the voltage falling rate. • High increasing rate of dia/dt can create local hot spot in the device which is not suitable for proper operation. So, it is advisable to use a inductor in series with the device to tackle high dia/dt. Usually value of maximum allowable di/dt is in the range of 20 to 200 A per microsecond.
- 8. 4. Spread Time of SCR:- • It is the time taken by the anode current to rise from 90% to 100% of its final value. • At the same time the anode voltage decreases from 10% of its initial value to smallest possible value • In this interval of time conduction spreads all over the area of cathode and the SCR will go to fully ON State. • Spread time of SCR depends upon the cross- sectional area of cathode.