This document discusses calibration of instruments. It defines calibration as comparing a test instrument to a more precise standard to determine any errors. Calibration is important for accurate measurements and maintaining traceability. There are three main types of calibration: electro-technical, non-electrical, and on-site calibration. Calibration management systems require unique identification of instruments, calibration procedures and schedules, standards traceable to national standards, and trained personnel. Calibration helps minimize errors and ensure accurate quality control and dispute resolution.

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Sam HigginBottom university of Agriculture Technology
and Sciences prayagraj, up India
A s s i g n m e n t o n : c a l i b r a t i o n
S u b m i t t e d t o :
D r. p m a l a i r a j a n
H o d , s h a l o m i n s t i t u t e o f h e a l t h a n d a l l i e d s c i e n c e
P r a y a g r a j , u p
S u b m i t t e d b y
I m d a d H u s e n M u k e r i
I d N o : 1 7 B P H 0 8 4
s u b j e c t : p r a c t i c e s c h o o l
S u b j e c t c o r d : 7 0 6 p s

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Acknowledgment
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• In preparation of my assignment, I had to take the help and guidance of some
respected seniors and professors, who deserve my deepest gratitude. As the
completion of this assignment gave me much pleasure. I would like to show my
gratitude to Prof.Dr.Pmalairajan (HOD, SHIATS.FHS,SHUATS) Course
Instructor. He gave me wonderful opportunity to prepare assignment on
“CALIBRATION” topics. I would also like to expand my gratitude to all those
who have directly and indirectly guided me in writing this assignment. Many
people, especially my parents and classmates have made valuable comment
suggestions on my assignment which gave me an inspiration to improve the
quality of the assignment

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Table and contents
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S.N CONTENS PAGE NO DATE OF
SUBMISSION
1. Introduction, definition of calibration 04-05 10/09/020
2. Why calibration impotence, calibration necessary 06-08 10/09/020
3. Purpose and types of calibration, Requirements of
Calibration Management Systems
09-10 10/09/020
4. Advantage of calibration 11 10/09/020
5. Conclusion and References 12 10/09/020

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Introduction to calibration
• In the simplest term calibration means to known how accurate testing
and measuring instruments employed in the quality measurement
system are. This is achieved by comparing these instruments against
more precise and accurate instrument called master instruments or
reference standard.
Calibration brings out the nature and magnitude of
an error (if any) of testing measuring instruments. This error is the
deviation from the reference standard and it is the hidden deficiency
of the quality measuring system of an organization.
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What is the calibration?
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It is measurement of critical value of equipments function falling within the optimum
range of its working. It is applicable mainly for measuring and test equipment.
Example of equipment requiring calibration are Q.C instruments, pressure,
temp./vacuum gauges, weighing balance etc.
Principle of calibration: Principal is comparison of it’s critical value with known
national/international standard having fixed value. Calibration brings out the nature and
magnitude of an error (if any) of testing measuring instruments. This error is the deviation from
the reference standard and it is the hidden deficiency of the quality measuring system of an
organization.

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Why calibration is important?
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• Calibration defines the accuracy and quality of measurements
recorded using a piece of equipment. Over time there is a tendency
for results and accuracy to ‘drift’ when using particular technologies or
measuring particular parameters such as temperature and humidity.
To be confident in the results being measured, there is an ongoing
need to maintain the calibration of equipment throughout its lifetime
for reliable, accurate and repeatable measurements.
• The goal of calibration is to minimize any measurement uncertainty by
ensuring the accuracy of test equipment. Calibration quantifies and
controls errors or uncertainties within measurement processes to an
acceptable level.

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Why Are Calibrations Necessary?
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• There are technical and legal reasons why calibration is performed.
Four main reasons for having an instrument calibrated are,
• 1. To establish and demonstrate metrological traceability
• 2. To ensure readings from the instrument are consistent with other
measurements
• 3. To determine the accuracy of the instrument readings
• 4. To establish the reliability of the instrument, i.e., that it can be
trusted.

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Purpose of Calibration
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• Calibration refers to the act of evaluating and adjusting the precision
and accuracy of measurement equipment. Instrument calibration is
intended to eliminate or reduce bias in an instrument's readings over
a range for all continuous values.
• Precision is the degree to which repeated measurements under
unchanged conditions show the same result. Accuracy is the
degree of closeness of measurements of a quantity to its actual true
value.

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Types of Calibration
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Calibration is basically of three types:
I. Electro-technical Calibration: It consist calibration of electronic
devices like resister, capacitor etc.
ii. Non Electrical Calibration: It consist calibration of mass, pressure
etc.
iii. On Site Calibration: It consist calibration of any other type of
quantity which contain both quantities.

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Requirements of Calibration Management Systems
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1.Each instrument requires:
• Unique identification
• A recorded history and current calibration status
• Use appropriate for the function of the instrument
2. Calibration procedures require
• Approved procedures for calibration
• Schedule for calibration
• Process range limits
3. Calibration standards and test equipment
• Must be more accurate than the required accuracy of the instrument
• Traceable back to national or international standards
4. Personnel
• Proof of appropriate training
• Perform within an established change management process

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Advantage of calibration:
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• One can take the error of an instrument into account while using it and hence
correct measurements are recorded and reported.
• This will help an organization to set its process and quality control system
correctly.
• Wherever possible, one can adjust or repair the instrument to minimize the error
to the best extent.
• Any dispute arising with a customer due to instrument error can be resolved.

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Conclusion: introduction, importance, necessary of calibration, General
principles of calibration and types of calibration, advantage of calibration has
been studies.
References:
https://netilion.endress.com/blog/what-is-calibration/ accessed date 07/09/2020
https://www.slideshare.net/mobile/MSA_0562/calibration-70231347 accessed
date 09/09/2020