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"This e-Mail may contain proprietary and confidential information and is sentfor the intended recipient(s) only. If, by an addressing or transmission error,this mail has been misdirected to you, you are requested to delete this mailimmediately. You are also hereby notified that any use, any form of reproduction, dissemination, copying, disclosure, modification, distribution
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Material requirements planning (MRP) is a production planning, scheduling, and inventory control system used to manage manufacturing processes. Most MRP systems are software-based, but it is possible to conduct MRP by hand as well. ... Plan manufacturing activities, delivery schedules and purchasing activities.
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"This e-Mail may contain proprietary and confidential information and is sentfor the intended recipient(s) only. If, by an addressing or transmission error,this mail has been misdirected to you, you are requested to delete this mailimmediately. You are also hereby notified that any use, any form of reproduction, dissemination, copying, disclosure, modification, distribution
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and/or publication of this e-mail message,contents or ts attachment(s) other than by its intended recipient(s) is strictly prohibited. Any opinions expressed in this email are those of the individual and not necessarily of the organization. Before opening attachment(s), please scan for viruses."
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Material requirements planning (MRP) is a production planning, scheduling, and inventory control system used to manage manufacturing processes. Most MRP systems are software-based, but it is possible to conduct MRP by hand as well. ... Plan manufacturing activities, delivery schedules and purchasing activities.
Pengeluaran dan Pengurusan Inventori Dalam PerniagaanAlif Akram
Kepentingan pengurusan inventori dan pengeluaran dalam perniagaan. Selain itu turut diterangkan mengenai konsep Just In Time JIT yang diamalkan oleh sektor industri di Jepun.
Warehouse Management is presented by Welingkar’s Distance Learning Division. Warehouse is a combination of two words ”ware” and “House” which means that it is a place to house or store/keep wares i.e. items/articles for sale. This presentation includes different aspects of warehouse like function, storage, types of stacking and others.
For more such innovative content on management studies, join WeSchool PGDM-DLP Program: http://bit.ly/DistMang
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Follow us on Twitter: https://twitter.com/WeLearnIndia
Read our latest blog at: http://welearnindia.wordpress.com
Subscribe to our Slideshare Channel: http://www.slideshare.net/welingkarDLP
Pengeluaran dan Pengurusan Inventori Dalam PerniagaanAlif Akram
Kepentingan pengurusan inventori dan pengeluaran dalam perniagaan. Selain itu turut diterangkan mengenai konsep Just In Time JIT yang diamalkan oleh sektor industri di Jepun.
Warehouse Management is presented by Welingkar’s Distance Learning Division. Warehouse is a combination of two words ”ware” and “House” which means that it is a place to house or store/keep wares i.e. items/articles for sale. This presentation includes different aspects of warehouse like function, storage, types of stacking and others.
For more such innovative content on management studies, join WeSchool PGDM-DLP Program: http://bit.ly/DistMang
Join us on Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/welearnindia
Follow us on Twitter: https://twitter.com/WeLearnIndia
Read our latest blog at: http://welearnindia.wordpress.com
Subscribe to our Slideshare Channel: http://www.slideshare.net/welingkarDLP
An inventory management system is when to streamline the management of inventory in business, we make the Inventory Management Systemuse of barcode scanners, mobile devices, barcode printers and desktop software. An inventory basically includes consumables, goods, stock, etc. Copy the link given below and paste it in new browser window to get more information on Inventory Management System:- www.transtutors.com/homework-help/finance/inventory-management-system.aspx
9. Classifying Items as ABC OPM 533 9- % of Inventory Items 0 20 40 60 80 100 0 50 100 % Annual $ Usage A B C Class % $ Vol % Items A 80 15 B 15 30 C 5 55
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18. Inventory Usage Over Time OPM 533 9- Time Inventory Level Average Inventory (Q*/2) 0 Minimum inventory Order quantity = Q (maximum inventory level) Usage Rate
19. EOQ Model How Much to Order? OPM 533 9- Order quantity Annual Cost Holding Cost Curve Total Cost Curve Order (Setup) Cost Curve Optimal Order Quantity (Q*) Minimum total cost
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23. EOQ Model Equations OPM 533 9- Optimal Order Quantity Expected Number of Orders Expected Time Between Orders Working Days / Year Working Days / Year = = × × = = = = = = × Q* D S H N D Q * T N d D ROP d L 2 D = Demand per year S = Setup (order) cost per order H = Holding (carrying) cost d = Demand per day L = Lead time in days
24. The Reorder Point (ROP) Curve OPM 533 9- Q* ROP (Units) Slope = units/day = d Lead time = L Time (days) Inventory level (units)
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27. POQ Model Equations OPM 533 9- D = Demand per year S = Setup cost H = Holding cost d = Demand per day p = Production per day Optimal Order Quantity Setup Cost Holding Cost = = - = * = * = Q H* d p Q D Q S p * 1 ( 0.5 * H * Q - d p 1 ) 1 ( ) 2*D*S ( ) Maximum inventory level - d p
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29. Inventory Usage Over Time Figure 12.3 Order quantity = Q (maximum inventory level) Inventory level Time Usage rate Average inventory on hand Q 2 Minimum inventory
30. Minimizing Costs Objective is to minimize total costs Table 11.5 Annual cost Order quantity Curve for total cost of holding and setup Holding cost curve Setup (or order) cost curve Minimum total cost Optimal order quantity
31. The EOQ Model Q = Number of pieces per order Q* = Optimal number of pieces per order (EOQ) D = Annual demand in units for the Inventory item S = Setup or ordering cost for each order H = Holding or carrying cost per unit per year Annual setup cost = ( Number of orders placed per year ) x ( Setup or order cost per order ) Annual demand Number of units in each order Setup or order cost per order = = ( S ) D Q Annual setup cost = S D Q
32. The EOQ Model Q = Number of pieces per order Q* = Optimal number of pieces per order (EOQ) D = Annual demand in units for the Inventory item S = Setup or ordering cost for each order H = Holding or carrying cost per unit per year Annual holding cost = ( Average inventory level ) x ( Holding cost per unit per year ) Order quantity 2 = ( Holding cost per unit per year ) = ( H ) Q 2 Annual setup cost = S D Q Annual holding cost = H Q 2
33. The EOQ Model Q = Number of pieces per order Q* = Optimal number of pieces per order (EOQ) D = Annual demand in units for the Inventory item S = Setup or ordering cost for each order H = Holding or carrying cost per unit per year Optimal order quantity is found when annual setup cost equals annual holding cost Solving for Q* Annual setup cost = S D Q Annual holding cost = H Q 2 D Q S = H Q 2 2 DS = Q 2 H Q 2 = 2 DS/H Q* = 2 DS/H
34. An EOQ Example Determine optimal number of needles to order D = 1,000 units S = $10 per order H = $.50 per unit per year Q* = 2 DS H Q* = 2(1,000)(10) 0.50 = 40,000 = 200 units
35. An EOQ Example Determine optimal number of needles to order D = 1,000 units Q* = 200 units S = $10 per order H = $.50 per unit per year = N = = Expected number of orders Demand Order quantity D Q* N = = 5 orders per year 1,000 200
36. An EOQ Example Determine optimal number of needles to order D = 1,000 units Q* = 200 units S = $10 per order N = 5 orders per year H = $.50 per unit per year = T = Expected time between orders Number of working days per year N T = = 50 days between orders 250 5
37. An EOQ Example Determine optimal number of needles to order D = 1,000 units Q* = 200 units S = $10 per order N = 5 orders per year H = $.50 per unit per year T = 50 days Total annual cost = Setup cost + Holding cost TC = (5)($10) + (100)($.50) = $50 + $50 = $100 TC = S + H D Q Q 2 TC = ($10) + ($.50) 1,000 200 200 2
38. An EOQ Example with safety stock Determine optimal number of needles to order D = 1,000 units Q* = 200 units S = $10 per order N = 5 orders per year H = $.50 per unit per year T = 50 days Safety Stock (ss) = 10 units Total annual cost = Setup cost + Holding cost TC = (5)($10) + (200)($.50) = $50 + $100 = $150 TC = S + ( + ss ) H D Q Q 2 TC = ($10) + (100 + )($.50) 1,000 200 200 2
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40. Reorder Point Curve Figure 12.5 Q* ROP (units) Inventory level (units) Time (days) Lead time = L Slope = units/day = d
41. Reorder Point Example Demand = 8,000 DVDs per year 250 working day year Lead time for orders is 3 working days ROP = d x L = 8,000/250 = 32 units = 32 units per day x 3 days = 96 units d = D Number of working days in a year
42. Reorder point with Safety Stock Annual Demand = 25,000 units Number of working days in a year 250 days Lead time = 5 days Safety stock (ss) = 2 days usage ROP = d x l + ss d= D / Number of days work in a year d= 25,000 / 250 = 100 units ss= 2 days x 100 = 200 ROP = 100 x 5 + 200 = 700 units
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44. Quantity Discount Models Table 12.2 A typical quantity discount schedule Discount Number Discount Quantity Discount (%) Discount Price (P) 1 0 to 999 no discount $5.00 2 1,000 to 1,999 4 $4.80 3 2,000 and over 5 $4.75
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46. Quantity Discount Models Figure 12.7 1,000 2,000 Total cost $ 0 Order quantity Q* for discount 2 is below the allowable range at point a and must be adjusted upward to 1,000 units at point b a b 1st price break 2nd price break Total cost curve for discount 1 Total cost curve for discount 2 Total cost curve for discount 3
47. Quantity Discount Example Calculate Q* for every discount Q* = 2 DS IP Q 1 * = = 700 cars order 2(5,000)(49) (.2)(5.00) Q 2 * = = 714 cars order 2(5,000)(49) (.2)(4.80) Q 3 * = = 718 cars order 2(5,000)(49) (.2)(4.75)
48. Quantity Discount Example Calculate Q* for every discount Q* = 2 DS IP Q 1 * = = 700 cars order 2(5,000)(49) (.2)(5.00) Q 2 * = = 714 cars order 2(5,000)(49) (.2)(4.80) Q 3 * = = 718 cars order 2(5,000)(49) (.2)(4.75) 1,000 — adjusted 2,000 — adjusted
49. Quantity Discount Example Table 12.3 Choose the price and quantity that gives the lowest total cost Buy 1,000 units at $4.80 per unit Discount Number Unit Price Order Quantity Annual Product Cost Annual Ordering Cost Annual Holding Cost Total 1 $5.00 700 $25,000 $350 $350 $25,700 2 $4.80 1,000 $24,000 $245 $480 $24,725 3 $4.75 2,000 $23.750 $122.50 $950 $24,822.50