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First Aid and Medical Services
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- 2. Presentation Content Presentation Content 1. History 2. Statistics 3.First Aid 4. Securing the Site 5. First Aid Kit 6. Fundamental of First Aid • A-B-C (Airway-Breathing-Circulation) • Control of Bleeding • Burns • Snakes and Spider Bites • Eyes 7. First Aid & Medical Services – OSHA & Site Requirement 8. Trainings
- 3. Historical Background Historical Background First Aid ForAll It All Began in Solferino ... A battle in northern Italy sparked an idea that has since changed the world. On 24 June 1859, Henry Dunant, a young Geneva businessman, witnessed horrifying suffering and agony following the battle of Solferino. He mobilized the civilian population, mainly women and girls, to care for the wounded irrespective of their role in the conflict. He secured them with the necessary materials and supplies and helped in the establishment of temporary hospitals. His book “A memory of Solferino” inspired the establishment of the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) in 1863.
- 4. StatisticsStatistics Non-Fatal Injuries Year Michigan Rate National Rate 20133.7 3.3 2012 4.0 3.4 2011 3.8 3.4 2010 4.2 3.5 2009 4.2 3.6 2008 4.4 3.9 2007 4.9 4.2 2006 5.0 4.4 Rate per 100 workers 2013 Total Violence and other injuries by persons or animals Transportati on incidents Fires and explosions Falls, slips, trips Exposure to harmful substances or environments Contact with objects and equipment 18 -- 5 1 6 -- 4 2012 Total Violence and other injuries by persons or animals Transportati on incidents Fires and explosions Falls, slips, trips Exposure to harmful substances or environments Contact with objects and equipment 19 4 6 -- 5 -- 4 2011 Total Violence and other injuries by persons or animals Transportati on incidents Fires and explosions Falls, slips, trips Exposure to harmful substances or environments Contact with objects and equipment 23 -- 5 -- 13 3 1 Fatal Injuries Fatal Injuries Non-fatal Injuries Michigan Nation-wide
- 5. Prompt, properly administeredfirst aid may mean the difference between rapid or prolonged recovery, temporary or permanent disability, and even life or death. FIRST AID = FIRST HELP What is First Aid? According to OSHA First Aid is an emergency care provided for injury or illness: • Immediately after it occurs • At the location where it occurred • Often consists of a onetime short term treatment • Requires little technology or training to administer First AidFirst Aid
- 6. Prompt, properly administeredfirst aid may mean the difference between rapid or prolonged recovery, temporary or permanent disability, and even life or death. Basic First Aid Training List Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) Sever Bleeding Broken Bone & Fractures Burns Chocking on An Obstruction Head Injuries And Concussion Cuts and Abrasions Electric Shock Heart Attack Stroke Recognition Moving an Injured Person Drug Overdose Unconscious Victim Eye Injuries Chemical Burns Rescue Site Specific Topics First AidFirst Aid Training Course Outline for first aid class – Page 123, Fig. 4 PEARSON CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGY – Page 123
- 7. Prompt, properly administeredfirst aid may mean the difference between rapid or prolonged recovery, temporary or permanent disability, and even life or death. First Aid can Include • cleaning minor cuts, scrapes, or scratches; • treating a minor burn; • applying bandages and dressings; • the use of non-prescription medicine; • draining blisters; • removing debris from the eyes; • massage; • drinking fluids to relieve heat stress • and more…. First AidFirst Aid
- 8. First AidFirst Aid Prompt,properly administered first aid may mean the difference between rapid or prolonged recovery, temporary or permanent disability, and even life or death. This gap in time is when First Aid proves itself. To when medical care can be administered From the moment When injury happens First Aid Importance
- 9. Response Time Response Time 4 to 6minutes = difference between life and death CPR, BLEEDING AT PRESSURE POINTS, OR CHOKING IMMEDIATE RESPONSE IS ESSENTIAL Before emergency medical treatment is available.
- 10. Securing the Scene Securing the Scene •Electrical hazards • Chemical hazards • Noxious & Toxic gases • Ground hazards • Fire • Unstable equipment Before performing any First Aid, Check for: Securing the scene
- 11. First aid kitsare to be: • Easily accessible to employees; • Clearly marked; • Stored in containers that protect kit items from damage, deterioration, or contamination; • Easily moved to the location of an injured or acutely ill person, and • Placed on vehicles in the absence of readily-accessible first aid kits in a fixed location. Selection Criteria: • How many people will the kit be servicing? • What sort of injuries are likely where the kit is to be available? • Does it need to be portable or will it be kept in a fixed location? • How much space do you have to keep the kit? • How much training the first aiders got? First Aid Kit First Aid Kit 1910.266 App A First Aid supplies as recommended by National Safety Council (NSC). Minimum recommended content of workplace firstaid. PEARSON CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGY – Page 125, fig. 5
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- 13. ABC’sABC’s A-B-C is thecondition when a person airway is blocked, and not capable to breath. This condition stops oxygen to reach the lungs and be circulated around the body in the blood, which will result in hypoxia and cardiac arrest. What is A-B-C (Airway-Breathing –Circulation)? open closed obstructed Tongue
- 14. ABC’sABC’s Electrical Drowning Toxic -Noxious gases Suffocation Heart Attack Trauma Drugs Allergic reactions Causes of Respiratory/Cardiac Arrest Cardiac Arrest happens due to the health condition or environmental exposure.
- 15. 321 If CPR/Artificial respirationis administered, chance of brain damage: 0 to 4 minutes – 4 to 6 minutes – 6 to 10 minutes – 10 minutes + – Recovery rate of victim if has artificial respiration done immediately Oxygenated blood flow must get to brain 45678910 Reaction Time to ABC Reaction Time to ABC Cardio Pulmonary Resuscitation
- 16. ABC’sABC’s Chain of Survival The5 links in the adult Chain of Survival are: 1. Immediate recognition of cardiac arrest and activation of the emergency response system 2. Early cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) with an emphasis on chest compressions 3. Rapid defibrillation 4. Effective advanced life support 5. Integrated post-cardiac arrest care Automated External Defibrillator (AED) Early Access ”911” Early CPR You Early Defibrillation You Early Advanced Care Hospital Early EMS on scene
- 17. First Aid CPR First Aid CPR •Look listen-feel for breathing • Check cavity for oral obstruction Attempt to Ventilate Establish responsiveness Recovery position Use chin lift/head tilt30 Compressions To 2 Breaths • Ask are you OK? • Call 911 Check pulse - First or recurrent heart attack 1.25 million - 70% deaths from heart attack occur before victim reaches hospital - Strokes 3rd leading cause to death. Cardio Pulmonary Resuscitation
- 18. ChockingChocking also called Conscious AirwayObstruction. Heimlich Maneuver 2. Give abdominal thrusts: • Place a clenched fist above the belly button. • Grasp your fist with your other hand. • Pull inward and upwards up to 5 times. • Check the mouth for dis lodged objects. . 3. Give 3 full cycles of 1 (back blows) and 2 (abdominal thrust). 4. Call 911 if the victim is still choking and repeat 1 and 2 until help arrives. How can choking be prevent? In adults: •Cut food into small pieces. •Chew food slowly and thoroughly, especially if wearing dentures. •Avoid laughing and talking while chewing and swallowing. •Avoid excessive intake of alcohol before and during meals If you are alone and choking, perform thrusts on yourself, or thrust your abdomen against a chair back, sink edge, or railing. 1. Give back blows with the heel of the hand: • Bend the person forward. • Give up to 5 sharp blows between the shoulder blades with the heel of the hand. • Check the mouth for dislodged objects.
- 19. Control of Bleeding Control of Bleeding Temporal Facial Carotid Sub-clavian Brachial Radial Ulnar Femoral Popliteal Pedal Wherethe artery passes over a bone close to the skin Pressure Points Human body contains ≈10 pints of blood, 1 pints may result in shock, 5-6 pint usually in death. Veins Capillary Steady flow Oozing Artery Types of Bleeding Direct Pressure Elevation Cold Applications Control of Bleeding Spurting Pressure bandage Internal Injuries Until emergency help arrives, try to control bleeding. If possible, first put on rubber or latex gloves before touching any blood. If these are not available, a clean plastic bag can be used to cover your hands. It is important not to come in contact with blood because of the health risks. Do NOT breathe, blow, or cough on the burn.Internal InjuryInternal Injury
- 20. Control of Bleeding Control of Bleeding Tourniquet Absolutelast resort in controlling bleeding Life or limb Once a tourniquet is applied, it is not to be removed , only by a doctor.TourniquetTourniquet
- 21. Shock affects allmajor functions of the body loss of blood flow to the tissues and organs Symptoms •Lie victim down if possible •Face is pale-raise the tail •Face is red-raise the head •Loosen tight clothing •Keep victim warm and dry •Do not give anything by mouth •No stimulants First Aid What is Shock? Shock is the failure of the circulatory system to provide oxygen rich blood to all parts of the body. ShocksShocks Shock is caused by severe blood and fluid loss, such as from traumatic bodily injury, which makes the heart unable to pump enough blood to the body, or severe anemia where there is not enough blood to carry oxygen through the body.
- 22. 1st Degree or SuperficialBurns 2nd Degree or Partial Thickness Burns 3rd Degree or Full Thickness Burns BurnsBurns Chemical Burns to Eye Is an injury that results from heat, chemical agent or radiation. It may vary in: depth, size and severity Scalds – is a burn caused by a liquid
- 23. Do Not •Do NOTapply ointment, butter, ice, medications, cream, oil spray, or any household remedy to a severe burn. •Do NOT breathe, blow, or cough on the burn. •Do NOT disturb blistered or dead skin. •Do NOT remove clothing that is stuck to the skin. •Do NOT give the person anything by mouth, if there is a severe burn. •Do NOT immerse a severe burn in cold water. This can cause shock. •Do NOT place a pillow under the person’s head if there is an airways burn. This can close the airways. Call 911 if: •The burn is extensive (the size of your palm or larger). •The burn is severe (third degree). •You aren’t sure how serious it is. •The burn is caused by chemicals or electricity. •The person shows signs of shock. •The person inhaled smoke. •Physical abuse is the known or suspected cause of the burn. •There are other symptoms associated with the burns First Aid – 1st Degree Burns BurnsBurns
- 24. Snake & Spider Bites Snake& Spider Bites Rattlesnake Copperhead FIRST AID Black Widow Brown Recluse • Call medical help immediately if possible. • Remain calm. • Minimize movement if possible. • Remove any rings, bracelets or watches. Loosen any tight clothing in case swelling occurs. • Apply a pressure bandage to the bitten area. • Splint or use a sling above the bitten part to restrict movement. • If possible, lie down and keep the bitten extremity at body level. Raising it can cause venom to travel through the body quicker. Holding it down, can increase swelling. • When possible arrange for transport to the nearest hospital emergency room, where anti- venom for snakes common to the area will often be available and given if required.
- 25. Day 3 Day4 Day 5 Day 6 Day 8 Day 9 Brown Recluse Snake & Spider Bites Snake & Spider Bites
- 26. EyesEyes The most prevalentsources of eye injuries include the following: • Scrap materials, waste, and windblown dust • Flying material particles or slivers from wood, metal, plastic, and cement • Chemicals or chemical products • Falling or misdirected objects • UV light from welding torches Caring for Eye InjuriesCommon Causes of Eye Injuries Knowing what to do in an emergency may save your vision and/or the vision of your coworkers. • Know the locations of eyewash stations in your workplace. • Keep emergency sterile eyewash solutions accessible to you, your coworkers, and employees. • Understand basic first-aid techniques. There are 700,000 work related eye injuries each year, 90% are preventable with proper safety eyewear.
- 27. Eyes OSHA Eyes OSHA Hazard Assessment Hazard typeExamples of Hazard Common Related Tasks Impact Flying objects such as large chips, fragments, particles, sand, and dirt Chipping, grinding, machining, masonry work, wood working, sawing, drilling, chiseling, powered fastening, riveting, and sanding Heat Anything emitting extreme heat Furnace operations, pouring, casting, hot dipping, and welding Chemicals Splash, fumes, vapors, and irritating mists Acid and chemical handling, degreasing, plating, and working with blood Dust Harmful dust Woodworking, buffing, and general dusty conditions Optical Radiation Radiant energy, glare, and intense light Welding, torch-cutting, brazing, soldering, and laser work
- 28. Eyes First Aid Eyes First Aid Cuts,Punctures Object Imbedded • DO NOT flush the eye. • DO NOT try to remove an object stuck in an eye. • Stabilize the eye with a rigid shield, with no pressure. Also, bandage the other eye. • Seek medical assistance immediately. Chemical Burns • Immediately flush the eye(s) with water while hold the eye open as wide as possible. • Water for 15 minutes. If caustic is involved, flush for 15 minutes and while in route to ER. • Seek medical assistance immediately Particles in the Eye • DO NOT rub the eye. • Gently lift and pull upper eye lid over bottom eye lid. • Irrigate the eye with water or eye solution. • If speck does not come out see a doctor. Blows to the eye • Apply a cold compress without pressure. • Tape a plastic bag containing crushed ice to the forehead and let it rest gently on the injured eye. • See a doctor at once in cases of continued pain, reduced vision, blood in the eye, or discoloration, which can mean internal eye damage. First Aid
- 29. Safety At Work IsEveryone’s Business. Eyes Safety Eyes Safety
- 30. First Aid & MedicalServices OSHA Standards First Aid & Medical Services OSHA Standards General Industry • 1910.269(b), Medical services and first aid o 1910.266(d)(2), First-aid kits o Appendix A, First-aid kits (Mandatory) o Appendix B, First-aid and CPR training (Mandatory) • 1910.269, Electric power generation, transmission, and distribution • 1910.269(b), Medical services and first aid Shipyard Employment • 1915.87, Medical services and first aid Marine Terminals • 1917.26, First aid and lifesaving facilities Long shoring • 1918.97, First aid and lifesaving facilities Construction Industry • 1926.23, First aid and medical attention • 1926.50, Medical services and first aid Standards
- 31. Site First Aidand Medical Services Site First Aid and Medical Services Site First Aid is part of the Emergency Plan and it must address: • How an injury will be treated? • If transportation is required how will that occur? Emergency Plan 29 CFR 1926.35
- 32. First Aid Requirement First Aid Requirement Mostjurisdiction requires ONE person on each crew to have a full updated First Aid training. Most contractors requires ALL field management personal to have current first aid card.
- 33. First Aid Training First Aid Training 1050Fuller Ave NE Grand Rapids, MI (616) 456-8661 OSHA recommends the following courses as an orientation to occupational safety and health for workers. Each student who successfully passes receives an “OSHA card” which is required for many work sites, insurance and job bids. The 10 hour program provides a broad overview of the role OSHA plays in the workplace and their roles and responsibilities regarding safety. •Construction •General Industry The 30 hour supervisor program provides more in-depth coverage of hazard recognition, abatement and prevention as well as worker rights. •Construction •General Industry Refresher courses are available for Construction. •5 hour •15 hour (supervisor) 29420 Fuller Ave NE Grand Rapids, MI (616) 447-2650
- 34. Use PPE Be Safe UsePPE Be Safe