based on data center facility

1. Data Center Facility
BY : GROUP MEMBER
1. Brhane
2. Migbey
3. Alem

2. Agenda
• What is DC facility
Electrical infrastructure
Data center power supply standards
Telecom and data center cooling facility
Physical protection and Safety issues
Decoration
Physical Data center security

3. What is DC facility
• Facility is Equipment provide
 Power and Cooling to the critical spaces within the Data Center.
• Facility needs
• Space, power, cooling
• Proximity
• Controls
 Access,
 fire,
 security, etc.

4. Electrical infrastructure
• Electrical Engineering infrastructure design is focused on
 designing electrical configurations that accommodate various
reliability requirements and data center sizes.
• Electrical infrastructure Aspects may include
• utility service planning;
• Distribution panel,
• switching and bypass from power sources;
• uninterruptible power source (UPS) systems; and mor
let's look power supply trends ?

5. A. Power supply technology trends
1. Linear power supply
 Size and weight is mainly determined by a line-frequency transformer and
heatsink.
 Efficiency is also very limited because the efficiency of linear power
supplies is determined solely by the ratio of the output and input voltage.
2. Switch-mode power supply
 Offer significant size and weight reduction because it eliminates the
need for bulky line frequency magnetics
 And also decreases the size of heatsinks due to a much improved
efficiency compared to that of linear power supplies.
 Optimization of switch-mode power supplies is based on finding a
switching frequency where the trade-off between the conduction and
switching losses is optimized.
 Power density increases were enabled by the introduction of power
MOSFET Devices

6. Cont.…
3. MOSFET Devices
MOSFET technology together with advancements in power
magnetics made
It is possible to significantly increase the switching frequency and,
thus, reduce the size of magnetic
components.
Implemented with bipolar power devices was limited to several
kilohertz,
allowed for switching frequencies to be pushed into the hundred-
kilohertz and even megahertz range.
4. Bricks
Can deliver much more power from the same volume or
The same power from a much smaller volume,
More appropriate metrics for the brick capability is the maximum
output current rather than the maximum output power

7. B. Convertors with topology
• The task of a power converter is to process and control the flow of electric
energy by supplying voltages and currents in a form that is optimally
suited for the user loads.
• Power converter design aims at improving the efficiency.
• These conversions are done by circuits called power converters. The
converters are classified as:
1. Rectifiers: from single-phase or three-phase AC to variable voltage DC
2. Choppers: from DC to variable voltage DC
3. Inverters: from DC to variable magnitude and variable frequency,
single-phase or three phase AC
4. Cycloconverters: from single-phase or three-phase AC to variable
magnitude and variable frequency, single-phase or three-phase AC
The three basic topologies used in switching power supplies
1. buck, also known as forward,
2. boost and
3. buck boost, also known as Flyback.

8. Power Electronics Converters Architecture
AC input DC output DC input AC output
2.1 AC to DC: RECTIFIER
2.2 DC to DC: CHOPPER
2.3 DC to AC: INVERTER
DC input DC output
2.4 AC to AC: CYCLOCONVERTER

9. Data center power supply standards
UPTIME INSTITUTE TIER TOPOLOGY
• Redundant Systems
• Power paths
 Generators
 PDU’s (Power Distribution Units)
 UPS’s (Uninterruptable power supplies)
 Power Bus
• Cooling
 Load sharing
 Variable speed.
Redundant systems here refers to everything supporting the ICT infrastructure
(not cabling) but critical power and power systems.

10. Cont.……Tier standard
A. UPTIME INSTITUTE TIER TOPOLOGY
Tier I: Basic Capacity
• Computer room, UPS, engine generator, computer cooling
• Single distribution path and ‘N’ capacity
• Susceptible to all maintenance- and fault-related shutdowns

11. Cont.……Tier standard
• Tier II
 Single distribution path and N + 1 components
 Shutdown MAY be required for maintenance on redundant components
 Susceptible to shutdowns for maintenance on distribution paths
 Susceptible to fault

12. Cont.……Tier standard
• Tier III
 Structured & scheduled maintenance planning is in place
 Well defined operating and control procedures in place
 Typically on-site maintenance staff – 24 X 7
 Monitoring of power and environmental conditions
 System and component testing often carried out.
 Strong vendor selection criteria

13. Cont.……Tier standard
• Tier IV
 Automated maintenance planning is in place
 Typically on-site maintenance staff – 24 X 7
 Testing plans in place for electrical, mechanical and safety systems etc.
 System and component testing often carried out.
 No shut down for planned equipment work or replacement
 No shut down for single fault

14. B. Power supply component
1. Transformer
 Better power capability
 Great insulation system (reliable)
 More applicable for medium to high power applications
2. Generator
Diesel Generator
 Cost effective for large KW applications (Above 150kw)
 On site fuel contributes to reliability
 Long standing proven technology

15. 3. Automatic transfer circuit breaker (ATCB
 ATCB is incorporated with the advantage of both ACB and ATS.
 Comparing to existing Automatic Transfer Switch (ATS), Single mechanism
of ATCB is functioned to provide Trip position and withstand Icu (Rated
ultimate short-circuit breaking current) and break Icw (Rated short-time
withstand current).

16. 4. Main Distribution Board (MDB)
• A distribution board (also known as panel board, breaker panel, or electric
panel) is a component of an electricity supply system that divides an
electrical power feed into subsidiary circuits, while providing a
protective fuse or circuit breaker for each circuit in a common enclosure.
• Normally, a main switch, and in recent boards, one or more residual-current
devices (RCD) or residual current breakers with overcurrent
protection (RCBO), are also incorporated.
MDB basically includes:
 Enclosure (Box)
 Main switch
 Miniature circuit breakers( MCB`s) or Fuses
 Residual current devises(RCD), according to the regulations
 Neutral bus bar
 Earth bus bar
 Phase bus bar

17. 5. Automatic Voltage regulator(AVR)
• A voltage regulator is designed to automatically
maintain a constant voltage level. Depending on the
design, it may be used to regulate one or
more AC or DC voltages.
• Electronic voltage regulators are found in devices such as
computer power supplies where they stabilize the DC
voltages used by the processor and other elements.
• In automobile alternators and central power station
generator plants, voltage regulators control the output of
the plant.
• In an electric power distribution system, voltage
regulators may be installed at a substation or along
distribution lines so that all customers receive steady
voltage independent of how much power is drawn from
the line

18. 6. Uninterruptible power supply (UPS)
• key components of data center facility,
• It is an electrical device that provides continuous power to a Load
even when the mains power source is unavailable.
• It works by storing electrical energy in backup devices, such as
batteries, from input power.
• Supplies the Load with the stored energy almost instantaneously
when the input power is cut off.

19. 7. Rack mounted power distribution unit (RPDU)
• RPDU is a device fitted with multiple outputs designed to distribute electric
power, especially to racks of computers and networking equipment located
within a data center.
• PDU monitoring to improve efficiency, uptime, and growth
• PDUs vary from simple and inexpensive rack-mounted power strips to larger
floor-mounted PDUs with multiple functions including
 Power filtering to improve power quality,
 Intelligent load balancing, and
 Remote monitoring and control by LAN or SNMP.
• This kind of PDU placement offers capabilities such as power metering at the
inlet, outlet, and PDU branch circuit level and support for environment
sensors

20. Telecom and data center cooling facility
Telecom and Data Center and IT room heat removal is one of the most
essential yet least understood of all critical IT environment processes.
Basic of cooling system
• cooling systems can be easily explained in simple terms of heat, humidity,
temperature, pressure, and flow.
 Air conditioner type
• Air cooling
• Water cooling
• Chiller cooling
• Clean room
• CRAC - uses a self-contained refrigeration cycle to remove heat from
the room by some kind of cooling medium via piping

21. Cont.…..
 Heat is absorbed
 Warm conditioned
return Air
 Cool supply Air out
 High
temperature
 High pressure
 Warm Air out or
 Heat rejected
 Temperature decrease
liquid form
 Reduce the pressure
 reducing the
temperature
 returning to a cold
liquid
 Component of air conditioner
• Evaporator
• Compressor
• Condenser
• Expansion valve

22. Physical protection and safety issues
The physical datacenter should at risk from any natural or manmade disaster and
damage. Physical security is the protection of building sites and equipment from
 Theft, Vandalism- deliberately destroys or damages public or private
property.
 Natural disaster,
 Manmade catastrophes, and
 Accidental damage
1. Site location
 Natural disaster risks- forest fires, lightning storms, hurricanes,
earthquakes and floods. Computer Site Engineering
 Manmade disaster risks- plane crashes, riots, explosions, and fires. The
Site SHOULD NOT be adjacent to
 airports,
 prisons,
 freeways,
 stadiums, banks, refineries, pipelines, tank farms, and parade
routes.

23. Cont.….
 Infrastructure: The electrical utility powering the site SHOULD have a
99.9% or better reliability of service. Electricity MUST be received from
two separate substations (or more) preferably attached to two separate
power plants
 Sole purpose: A data center SHOULD NOT share the same building with
other offices, especially offices not owned by the organization.
2. Site perimeter: dedicated security consideration should be addressed by the
security team
3. Disaster recovery
 Disaster Recovery Plan
 Offsite backup
 Redundant site
Fire protection type
 Water
 Fume
 Gas (CO2)
 Component of fire protection
 Storage
 Smoke detector
 Controller
 Spink caller
 Water linked detector
 Temperate sensor
 Closed door detector
 Security camera

24. Cont.…
Electrical protection
1. Surge Protective Device (SPD)
• SPDs are parallel-connected
• non-linear protective devices for limiting surge voltages on
equipment by discharging, bypassing, or diverting surge current.
• no short-circuit current rating so it requires additional fusing and
must be mounted inside an enclosure.
2. Voltage Regulator
• Control the output voltage
• Eliminating voltage sags and swells in the input voltage
3. Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS)
• Stabilize the power from the mains supply
4. Grounding
• All metallic components in the data center should be bonded to the
grounding system.

25. Decoration
A. Lighting system
• TIA-942-A provides guidance for lighting in the data center. Light fixtures
(ግጥሚያዎች) should be located above the aisles and between cabinets.
• Furthermore, it is recommended that a three-level lighting protocol be
adopted in the data centers:
 Level 1: data center unoccupied: the lighting should allow effective
use of video surveillance equipment.
 Level 2: initial entry into the data center: motion sensors should be
used to activate lights in the immediate area of entry and be
programmed to illuminate aisles and passageways. Sufficient lighting
should be provided to allow safe passage through the space and to
permit identification via security cameras
 Level 3: occupied space: for purposes of maintenance or interaction
with equipment, lighting shall be 500 lux in the horizontal plane and
200 lux in the vertical plane, measured 1 m (3 ft) above the finished
floor in the middle of all aisles between cabinets.

26. Physical Data center security
A. perimeter security
 Fence
 Video surveillance
 Motorize rolling gate
 Personnel security gay etc.
B. facility controls
 Video surveillance
 Card reader
 Handicap door operator
 High security key system
C. Computer Rooms controls
 Video surveillance
 Card reader
 Dual authentication Biometric Reader
 Motion Egress or Button Egress
 Data cabinet lock Trigger panel
D. Cabinet controls
 3600 camera
 Cabinet level access control
 Cupper patch panel
 Electrified Data cabinet lock
 Door contact sensor

27. Thanks