The document discusses the lighting design for two spaces - a language collection space and another unspecified space - in a community library project in Medan Pasar, Indonesia. For the language collection space, it provides the floor plan, analyzes the daylighting conditions through light contours and calculations, and determines the artificial lighting needs through lumen method calculations. Round downlight LED fixtures meeting illumination and color requirements are proposed. A similar analysis is presented for the second space.

1. Contents
1.0​ ​Introduction
1.1​ ​Design​ ​Statement
2.0​ ​Floor​ ​Plans
3.0​ ​Space​ ​A
3.1​ ​Lightning​ ​Contours
3.2​ ​Daylight​ ​Calculations
3.3​ ​Type​ ​of​ ​lamp​ ​Used
3.4​ ​Lumen​ ​Method​ ​Calculations
3.5​ ​Lightning​ ​Design​ ​proposal
4.0​ ​Space​ ​B
4.1​ ​Lightning​ ​Contours
4.2​ ​Daylight​ ​Calculations
4.3​ ​Type​ ​of​ ​lamp​ ​Used
4.4​ ​Lumen​ ​Method​ ​Calculations
4.5​ ​Lightning​ ​Design​ ​proposal
5.0​ ​References​ ​and​ ​Citations

2. 1.0​ ​Introduction
This​ ​project​ ​is​ ​an​ ​integration​ ​of​ ​lightning​ ​design​ ​with​ ​design​ ​studio​ ​project,​ ​a
community​ ​library​ ​in​ ​Medan​ ​Pasar.​ ​It​ ​will​ ​encompass​ ​an​ ​artificial​ ​and​ ​daylighting
systems​ ​which​ ​also​ ​includes​ ​the​ ​implementation​ ​of​ ​PSALI​ ​strategies.​ ​It​ ​aims​ ​to​ ​show
the​ ​understanding​ ​of​ ​lightning​ ​being​ ​parts​ ​that​ ​enhances​ ​the​ ​spaces​ ​in​ ​library.​ ​The
illuminance​ ​level​ ​of​ ​a​ ​library​ ​is​ ​studied​ ​and​ ​should​ ​be​ ​comfortable​ ​and​ ​suitable​ ​for
the​ ​users​ ​when​ ​using​ ​different​ ​function​ ​of​ ​space.​ ​As​ ​a​ ​library​ ​functions​ ​throughout
the​ ​day​ ​till​ ​night,​ ​the​ ​changes​ ​in​ ​the​ ​direction​ ​of​ ​the​ ​sun​ ​in​ ​the​ ​planning​ ​of​ ​correct
lightning​ ​is​ ​crucial​ ​to​ ​ensure​ ​the​ ​efficiency​ ​of​ ​the​ ​library.
1.1​ ​Design​ ​Statement
The​ ​concept​ ​of​ ​the​ ​library​ ​is​ ​to​ ​aim​ ​recreating​ ​the​ ​familiarity​ ​of​ ​the​ ​social​ ​community
between​ ​the​ ​locals​ ​and​ ​foreigner​ ​through​ ​creating​ ​a​ ​3rd​ ​language​ ​library​ ​to
encourage​ ​the​ ​interactions​ ​between​ ​them.​ ​The​ ​segregation​ ​of​ ​these​ ​community​ ​has
resulted​ ​the​ ​form​ ​of​ ​pocket​ ​spaces​ ​in​ ​the​ ​square,​ ​the​ ​local​ ​community​ ​started​ ​to
distance​ ​themselves​ ​from​ ​this​ ​square​ ​as​ ​it​ ​used​ ​by​ ​the​ ​foreigner​ ​most​ ​of​ ​the​ ​time.
This​ ​library​ ​serves​ ​as​ ​a​ ​social​ ​platform​ ​to​ ​these​ ​diverse​ ​community​ ​and​ ​provides
skills​ ​and​ ​reading​ ​space​ ​for​ ​them​ ​to​ ​interact.​ ​A​ ​the​ ​same​ ​time​ ​to​ ​understand​ ​each
other​ ​culture​ ​through​ ​observe,​ ​understand​ ​and​ ​engage.
Figure​ ​1.1.1​ ​Sun​ ​path​ ​over​ ​the​ ​site​ ​context​ ​for​ ​maximum​ ​daylight​ ​pass​ ​through​ ​the​ ​space.

3. Figure​ ​1.1.2​ ​Daylight​ ​during​ ​9a.m.​ ​Light​ ​penetrate​ ​through​ ​the​ ​east​ ​facade​ ​in​ ​the​ ​morning​ ​is​ ​being
blocked​ ​by​ ​the​ ​high​ ​rise​ ​building​ ​behind​.
Figure​ ​1.1.3​ ​Daylight​ ​during​ ​1p.m.​ ​Received​ ​most​ ​of​ ​the​ ​natural​ ​lights​ ​during​ ​the​ ​day.
Figure​ ​1.1.4​ ​​ ​Daylight​ ​during​ ​6p.m.​ ​​ ​The​ ​evening​ ​sun​ ​now​ ​penetrates​ ​through​ ​the​ ​library​ ​from​ ​the
front.​ ​This​ ​could​ ​be​ ​solved​ ​by​ ​having​ ​a​ ​perforated​ ​aluminium​ ​facade​ ​so​ ​that​ ​the​ ​space​ ​can​ ​be
convertible.

4. 3.0​ ​Space​ ​A​ ​:​ ​Language​ ​Collection​ ​(Daylightning)
The​ ​language​ ​collection​ ​is​ ​located​ ​on​ ​the​ ​first​ ​floor​ ​which​ ​is​ ​facing​ ​to​ ​the​ ​west​ ​side.
During​ ​daytime,​ ​the​ ​natural​ ​light​ ​enters​ ​the​ ​space​ ​through​ ​the​ ​large​ ​curtain​ ​wall​ ​but
there​ ​is​ ​not​ ​much​ ​light​ ​coming​ ​from​ ​the​ ​east​ ​side​ ​since​ ​is​ ​being​ ​blocked​ ​by​ ​the​ ​high
rise​ ​behind.​ ​Illuminance​ ​condition​ ​is​ ​fairly​ ​suitable​ ​for​ ​viewing​ ​and​ ​reading​ ​but​ ​some
shading​ ​device​ ​need​ ​to​ ​be​ ​added​ ​for​ ​better​ ​thermal​ ​comfort.
First​ ​Floor​ ​Plan

5. 3.1​ ​Light​ ​contours
Figure​ ​3.1.1​ ​Daylight​ ​contours​ ​of​ ​the​ ​language​ ​collection
The​ ​light​ ​contour​ ​diagrams​ ​show​ ​daylight​ ​entering​ ​the​ ​main​ ​collection​ ​area​ ​from​ ​the
exposed​ ​facade​ ​and​ ​it​ ​gradually​ ​lowers​ ​as​ ​it​ ​reaches​ ​towards​ ​the​ ​back​ ​end​ ​of​ ​space.
However,​ ​the​ ​space​ ​is​ ​facing​ ​the​ ​west​ ​side​ ​the​ ​interior​ ​space​ ​will​ ​received​ ​lesser
daylight​ ​during​ ​the​ ​morning.​ ​Therefore,​ ​supplementary​ ​artificial​ ​lighting​ ​should​ ​be
implemented​ ​to​ ​ensure​ ​the​ ​space​ ​is​ ​well​ ​illuminated​ ​throughout​ ​the​ ​day.
Figure​ ​3.1.2​ ​Section​ ​of​ ​the​ ​space

6. 3.2​ ​Daylight​ ​Calculation
Daylight​ ​Factor​ ​is​ ​defined​ ​as​ ​the​ ​ratio​ ​that​ ​represents​ ​the​ ​amount​ ​of​ ​illumination
available​ ​indoors​ ​relative​ ​to​ ​the​ ​illumination​ ​present​ ​outdoors​ ​at​ ​the​ ​same​ ​time​ ​under
overcast​ ​sky.​ ​Below​ ​is​ ​the​ ​formula​ ​shown​ ​:
Daylight​ ​Factor.​ ​DF​ ​=​​ ​ ​ ​x​ ​​100%
Ei
Eo
where,​ ​Ei​ ​=​ ​Indoor​ ​illuminance
​ ​​ ​Eo​ ​=​ ​Outdoor​ ​illuminance
Average​ ​Daylight​ ​Factor​ ​is​ ​calculated​ ​using​ ​the​ ​formula​ ​shown​ ​below:
Average​ ​DF​ ​= x​ ​A
W Tθ
(1−R)
where,​ ​W​ ​is​ ​the​ ​area​ ​of​ ​the​ ​window​ ​(​m²)
​ ​​ ​A​ ​is​ ​the​ ​total​ ​area​ ​of​ ​the​ ​internal​ ​surface​ ​(m²)
​ ​​ ​T​ ​is​ ​the​ ​glass​ ​transmittance​ ​corrected​ ​for​ ​dirt
​ ​​ ​​Θ​ ​is​ ​visible​ ​sky​ ​angle​ ​in​ ​degrees​ ​from​ ​the​ ​centre​ ​of​ ​the​ ​window
​ ​​ ​R​ ​is​ ​the​ ​average​ ​reflectance​ ​of​ ​area​ ​A
Zone DF​ ​% Distribution
Very​ ​bright ​ ​More​ ​than​ ​6 Large​ ​(involved​ ​thermal
and​ ​glare​ ​problem
Bright 3-6 Good
Average 1-3 Fair
Dark 0-1 Poor

7. Space​ ​A​ ​:​ ​Daylight​ ​calculation
(Assuming​ ​the​ ​space​ ​is​ ​rectangle​ ​for​ ​calculation)
Area​ ​of​ ​window​ ​=​ ​6​ ​*​ ​3.5
​ ​​ ​​ ​​ ​=​ ​21​ ​m²
Total​ ​area​ ​of​ ​internal​ ​surfaces​ ​=​ ​2(10*8.5)​ ​+​ ​2​ ​(10​ ​*​ ​3.5)​ ​+​ ​2​ ​(8.5*​ ​3.5)
​ ​​ ​​ ​​ ​​ ​=​ ​170​ ​+​ ​70​ ​+​ ​59.5
​ ​​ ​​ ​​ ​​ ​=​ ​299.5​ ​m²
Glass​ ​transmittance​ ​=​ ​0.6​ ​(double​ ​glazed)
Reflectance​ ​of​ ​surfaces​ ​=​ ​0.5
Visible​ ​sky​ ​angle​ ​in​ ​degrees​ ​from​ ​the​ ​centre​ ​of​ ​the​ ​window,​ ​​θ​ ​=​ ​60​°
Average​ ​daylight​ ​factor,​ ​DF​ ​=​ ​ x​ ​A
W Tθ
(1−R)
=​ ​ x​ ​21
299.5
0.6(60)
(1−0.5)
=​ ​5.04​ ​%
Daylight​ ​Factor​ ​(DF)​ ​=​ ​ ​ ​x​ ​​100%
Ei
Eo
5.04​ ​=​ ​ ​ ​x​ ​​100%
Ei
20000
Ei​ ​=​ ​1008​ ​lux
The​ ​selected​ ​space​ ​has​ ​a​ ​daylight​ ​factor​ ​of​ ​5.04%​ ​which​ ​is​ ​considered​ ​good​ ​and
bright​ ​daylight​ ​distributions​ ​of​ ​light​ ​due​ ​to​ ​the​ ​curtain​ ​walls​ ​that​ ​facing​ ​towards​ ​the
front​ ​facade​ ​that​ ​provide​ ​natural​ ​light​ ​penetrates​ ​the​ ​interior​ ​for​ ​better​ ​reading
comfort.

8. 3.3​ ​Type​ ​of​ ​lamp​ ​to​ ​be​ ​used
Round​ ​Downlight​ ​Lightning​ ​fixtures
Downlight​ ​is​ ​the​ ​most​ ​versatile​ ​sources​ ​of​ ​light​ ​for​ ​residential​ ​and​ ​commercial
buildings,​ ​it​ ​offer​ ​a​ ​layer​ ​of​ ​general​ ​lightning​ ​that​ ​seamlessly​ ​blends​ ​into​ ​any​ ​space.
Advantages
1.​ ​Illumination​ ​only,​ ​no​ ​fixtures​ ​visible
Downlight​ ​has​ ​the​ ​ability​ ​to​ ​hide​ ​or​ ​shrink​ ​into​ ​the​ ​ceiling​ ​is​ ​its​ ​strongest​ ​point.​ ​It​ ​give
off​ ​a​ ​soft​ ​subtle​ ​glow,​ ​which​ ​blurs​ ​the​ ​boundaries​ ​of​ ​the​ ​room​ ​and​ ​the​ ​space​ ​appears
larger.
2.​ ​Versatile​ ​and​ ​Efficient
Work​ ​more​ ​efficiently​ ​without​ ​the​ ​use​ ​of​ ​obtrusive​ ​light​ ​fixtures.​ ​Provide​ ​dimming
effects​ ​that​ ​are​ ​easy​ ​to​ ​control.
3.​ ​Accent
Create​ ​a​ ​soft​ ​glow​ ​coming​ ​out​ ​from​ ​the​ ​sides​ ​of​ ​objects,​ ​causing​ ​the​ ​object​ ​to​ ​draw
your​ ​eye​ ​to​ ​it​ ​naturally.​ ​It​ ​can​ ​be​ ​adjusted​ ​to​ ​provide​ ​either​ ​pleasant​ ​ambient​ ​lightning
or​ ​accent​ ​as​ ​circumstances​ ​require.
Disadvantages
1.​ ​High​ ​cost
The​ ​cost​ ​of​ ​bulbs​ ​and​ ​installation​ ​of​ ​downlight​ ​may​ ​be​ ​more​ ​expensive​ ​than​ ​a
traditional​ ​light​ ​fixtures.​ ​Also,​ ​it​ ​need​ ​many​ ​of​ ​them​ ​to​ ​cover​ ​a​ ​room.
2.​ ​Safety
An​ ​Insulation​ ​Contact​ ​(IC)​ ​rated​ ​light​ ​will​ ​not​ ​be​ ​safety​ ​risk​ ​but​ ​light​ ​that​ ​are​ ​not​ ​IC
rated​ ​may​ ​create​ ​heat,​ ​which​ ​can​ ​leads​ ​to​ ​fires.

9. 3.4​ ​Lumen​ ​Method​ ​Calculations
(Assuming​ ​the​ ​space​ ​is​ ​rectangle​ ​for​ ​calculation)
The​ ​sun​ ​shines​ ​in​ ​the​ ​morning​ ​from​ ​the​ ​east​ ​will​ ​be​ ​positioned​ ​behind​ ​the​ ​building.
The​ ​amount​ ​of​ ​natural​ ​light​ ​passes​ ​through​ ​the​ ​space​ ​would​ ​be​ ​inadequate​ ​enough
to​ ​do​ ​any​ ​activities.​ ​Hence,​ ​LED​ ​downlight​ ​are​ ​needed​ ​to​ ​brighten​ ​up​ ​the​ ​language
collection.
Type​ ​of​ ​fixtures LED​ ​Round​ ​Downlight
Image​ ​of​ ​fixtures
Product​ ​Dimension 215mm
Type​ ​of​ ​Luminous Warm​ ​White
Luminous​ ​flux​ ​(lm) 2000
Power​ ​(W) 29
Colour​ ​Temperature​ ​(K) 3000
Colour​ ​Rendering​ ​Index 97
Average​ ​life​ ​rate​ ​(hours) 50000

10. Dimension​ ​of​ ​room​ ​(m) L=​ ​10m W=8.5m
Total​ ​Floor​ ​Area​ ​(m²) 85
Height​ ​of​ ​Ceiling​ ​(m) 3.5
Type​ ​of​ ​Luminaries LED​ ​round​ ​downlight
Luminous​ ​Flux​ ​of​ ​lightning​ ​(lm),​ ​F 2000
Height​ ​of​ ​Lumiere(m) 3.0
Height​ ​of​ ​Workplane(m) 0.65
Mounting​ ​Height,​ ​Hm​ ​(m) 3.0​ ​-​ ​0.65​ ​=​ ​2.35
Reflectance​ ​Factor Ceiling​ ​(Concrete)​ ​0.7
Wall​ ​(White​ ​painted​ ​wall)​ ​0.5
Floor​ ​(Hardwood)​ ​0.1
Room​ ​Index,​ ​​ ​RI​ ​(K) L x W
Hm x (L+W)
=​ ​
10 x 8.5
2.35 x (10+8.5)
=​​ ​ 85
43.475
=​ ​1.955​ ​K
Utilization​ ​Factor,​ ​UF 0.59​ ​(Based​ ​on​ ​UF​ ​table)
Maintenance​ ​Factor,​ ​MF 0.8​ ​(standard)
Number​ ​of​ ​fittings​ ​required,​ ​N
N​ ​=
E x A
F x UF x MF
N​ ​=
400 x 85
2000 x 0.59 x 0.8
​ ​​ ​​​ ​=​ ​
944
34000
​ ​​ ​​ ​​ ​=​ ​36.01
​ ​​ ​​ ​​ ​=​ ​36​ ​lamps
Lightning​ ​layout​ ​and​ ​spacing
Smax​ ​=​ ​1.0​ ​x​ ​Hm
1.0​ ​x​ ​Hm
=​ ​1.0​ ​x​ ​2.35
=​ ​2.35​ ​m

11. 3.5​ ​Lightning​ ​Design​ ​Proposal
Figure​ ​3.5.1​ ​Reflected​ ​Ceiling​ ​Plan​ ​of​ ​Language​ ​Collection
Based​ ​on​ ​the​ ​Lumen​ ​Method​ ​calculation​ ​for​ ​the​ ​number​ ​of​ ​fittings​ ​required​ ​(36
lamps)​ ​and​ ​the​ ​lightning​ ​spacing​ ​(max​ ​2.35m​ ​apart)​ ​determined,​ ​the​ ​fitting​ ​layout​ ​is
shown​ ​through​ ​the​ ​reflected​ ​ceiling​ ​plan​ ​above.​ ​36​ ​lamps​ ​are​ ​placed​ ​in​ ​6​ ​rows​ ​of
fittings​ ​each.​ ​The​ ​diagrams​ ​shows​ ​the​ ​spacing​ ​between​ ​each​ ​lamp​ ​both​ ​horizontally
and​ ​vertically,​ ​which​ ​does​ ​not​ ​exceed​ ​the​ ​spacing​ ​of​ ​2.35m.​ ​The​ ​light​ ​fittings​ ​are
controlled​ ​by​ ​3​ ​switch,​ ​where​ ​each​ ​switch​ ​controlling​ ​2​ ​rows​ ​of​ ​light​ ​to​ ​fulfilled​ ​PSALI
scheme.
Figure​ ​3.5.2​ ​Artificial​ ​Light​ ​Contour​ ​of​ ​the​ ​Language​ ​Collection

12. Psali​ ​Scheme
The​ ​language​ ​corner,​ ​the​ ​space​ ​is​ ​well​ ​illuminated​ ​by​ ​daylight.​ ​However,​ ​daylight​ ​in
the​ ​space​ ​will​ ​gradually​ ​reduce​ ​as​ ​the​ ​day​ ​progresses,​ ​where​ ​the​ ​sun​ ​moves​ ​and​ ​so
PSALI​ ​is​ ​implemented​ ​here​ ​to​ ​ensure​ ​constant​ ​sufficient​ ​illumination​ ​of​ ​space.
During​ ​the​ ​brightest​ ​portions​ ​of​ ​the​ ​day​ ​(when​ ​daylight​ ​factor​ ​is​ ​high),​ ​only​ ​row​ ​1​ ​&​ ​2
needs​ ​to​ ​be​ ​on​ ​where​ ​the​ ​inner​ ​part​ ​of​ ​space​ ​does​ ​not​ ​received​ ​sufficient​ ​daylight.
When​ ​the​ ​daylight​ ​level​ ​drops​ ​(lower​ ​daylight​ ​factor),​ ​row​ ​3​ ​&​ ​6​ ​can​ ​be​ ​turned​ ​on.
Only​ ​at​ ​night​ ​or​ ​very​ ​dark​ ​days,​ ​it​ ​will​ ​be​ ​necessary​ ​to​ ​on​ ​all​ ​switches​ ​as​ ​the
language​ ​collection​ ​is​ ​solely​ ​dependent​ ​on​ ​artificial​ ​lightning​ ​for​ ​illumination.
Figure​ ​3.5.3​ ​Psali​ ​strategy
Figure​ ​3.5.4​ ​When​ ​row​ ​1​ ​and​ ​2​ ​is​ ​on​ ​during​ ​afternoon

13. 4.0​ ​Space​ ​B​ ​Classroom​ ​(Artificial​ ​Lightning)
The​ ​classroom​ ​is​ ​located​ ​on​ ​the​ ​second​ ​floor,​ ​where​ ​its​ ​space​ ​faces​ ​back​ ​alley​ ​on
the​ ​East​ ​which​ ​the​ ​sunlight​ ​is​ ​being​ ​blocked​ ​by​ ​the​ ​high​ ​rise.​ ​The​ ​space​ ​is​ ​made​ ​of
curtain​ ​walls​ ​on​ ​the​ ​east​ ​side​ ​and​ ​have​ ​a​ ​window​ ​on​ ​the​ ​opposite.​ ​On​ ​the​ ​west​ ​side
of​ ​the​ ​space​ ​is​ ​an​ ​atrium​ ​which​ ​brings​ ​light​ ​into​ ​the​ ​space.
Second​ ​Floor​ ​Plan

14. 4.1​ ​Light​ ​Contours
Figure​ ​4.1.1​ ​Daylight​ ​contour​ ​of​ ​classroom
Figure​ ​4.1.2​ ​Section​ ​of​ ​the​ ​space

15. 4.2​ ​Daylight​ ​Calculations
Space​ ​B
(Assuming​ ​the​ ​space​ ​is​ ​rectangle​ ​for​ ​calculation)
Area​ ​of​ ​window​ ​=​ ​2​ ​*​ ​1.5​ ​+​ ​7.4​ ​*​ ​3.5
​ ​​ ​​ ​​ ​=​ ​​ ​28.9​ ​m²
Total​ ​area​ ​of​ ​internal​ ​surfaces​ ​=​ ​2(7.5​ ​*​ ​4.5)​ ​+​ ​2​ ​(4.5​ ​*​ ​3.5)​ ​+​ ​2​ ​(7.5*​ ​3.5)
​ ​​ ​​ ​​ ​​ ​=​ ​67.5​ ​+​ ​31.5​ ​+​ ​52.5
​ ​​ ​​ ​​ ​​ ​=​ ​151.5​ ​m²
Glass​ ​transmittance​ ​=​ ​0.6​ ​(double​ ​glazed)
Reflectance​ ​of​ ​surfaces​ ​=​ ​0.5
Visible​ ​sky​ ​angle​ ​in​ ​degrees​ ​from​ ​the​ ​centre​ ​of​ ​the​ ​window,​ ​​θ​ ​=​ ​18​°
Average​ ​daylight​ ​factor,​ ​DF​ ​=​ ​ x​ ​A
W Tθ
(1−R)
=​ ​ x​ ​28.9
151.5
0.6(18)
(1−0.5)
=​ ​4.12​ ​%
Daylight​ ​Factor​ ​(DF)​ ​=​ ​ ​ ​x​ ​​100%
Ei
Eo
4.12​ ​=​ ​ ​ ​x​ ​​100%
Ei
20000
Ei​ ​=​ ​824​ ​lux
The​ ​selected​ ​space​ ​has​ ​a​ ​daylight​ ​factor​ ​of​ ​4.12%​ ​which​ ​is​ ​considered​ ​good​ ​and
bright​ ​daylight​ ​distributions​ ​of​ ​light​ ​due​ ​to​ ​the​ ​high​ ​rise​ ​behind​ ​has​ ​block​ ​the​ ​direct
sunlight​ ​and​ ​the​ ​atrium​ ​allow​ ​indirectly​ ​sunlight​ ​which​ ​subtly​ ​bounces​ ​into​ ​the​ ​space
to​ ​reduce​ ​glare​ ​that​ ​would​ ​cause​ ​discomfort.

16. 4.3​ ​Type​ ​of​ ​lamp​ ​used
Suspended​ ​Direct​ ​-​ ​Indirect​ ​Fluorescent​ ​Luminaire
Advantages
1.​ ​Light​ ​distributes​ ​nearly​ ​equal​ ​up​ ​and​ ​down
2.​ ​Soft​ ​ambient​ ​backlight​ ​can​ ​balance​ ​fixtures​ ​brightness
3.​ ​Heat​ ​radiations​ ​are​ ​negligible
4.​ ​Long​ ​life​ ​of​ ​tubes
Disadvantages
1.​ ​​The​ ​flicker​ ​of​ ​the​ ​high​ ​frequency​ ​can​ ​be​ ​imitated​ ​to​ ​humans
2.​ ​Poorly​ ​designed​ ​ballasts​ ​can​ ​create​ ​radio​ ​interference​ ​that​ ​disturbs​ ​other
electronics

17. 4.4​ ​Lumen​ ​Method​ ​Calculations
(Assuming​ ​the​ ​space​ ​is​ ​rectangle​ ​for​ ​calculation)
The​ ​sun​ ​shines​ ​in​ ​the​ ​morning​ ​from​ ​the​ ​east​ ​being​ ​blocked​ ​by​ ​the​ ​building.​ ​The
amount​ ​of​ ​natural​ ​light​ ​passes​ ​through​ ​the​ ​space​ ​from​ ​the​ ​atrium​ ​would​ ​be
inadequate​ ​to​ ​do​ ​any​ ​activities.​ ​Hence,​ ​fluorescent​ ​lights​ ​are​ ​sufficient​ ​to​ ​brighten​ ​up
the​ ​small​ ​classroom
Type​ ​of​ ​fixtures Suspended​ ​Direct-​ ​Indirect​ ​Fluorescent
Luminaire
Image​ ​of​ ​fixtures
Product​ ​Dimension 150mm​ ​x​ ​1500mm
Type​ ​of​ ​Luminous Cool​ ​White
Luminous​ ​flux​ ​(lm) 5000
Power​ ​(W) 36
Colour​ ​Temperature​ ​(K) 6000
Colour​ ​Rendering​ ​Index 82
Average​ ​life​ ​rate​ ​(hours) 70000

18. Dimension​ ​of​ ​room​ ​(m) L=​ ​7.5m W=4.2m
Total​ ​Floor​ ​Area​ ​(m²) 31.5
Height​ ​of​ ​Ceiling​ ​(m) 3.5
Type​ ​of​ ​Luminaries Suspended​ ​Linear​ ​Fluorescent
Luminous​ ​Flux​ ​of​ ​lightning​ ​(lm),​ ​F 5000
Height​ ​of​ ​Lumiere(m) 3.2
Height​ ​of​ ​Workplane(m) 0.8
Mounting​ ​Height,​ ​Hm​ ​(m) 3.2-0.8​ ​=​ ​2.4
Reflectance​ ​Factor Ceiling​ ​(Concrete)​ ​0.7
Wall​ ​(White​ ​painted​ ​wall)​ ​0.5
Floor​ ​(Hardwood)​ ​0.1
Room​ ​Index,​ ​​ ​RI​ ​(K) L x W
Hm x (L+W)
=​ ​
7.5 x 4.2
2.4 x (7.5+4.2)
=​​ ​ 31.5
28.08
=​ ​1.122​ ​K
Utilization​ ​Factor,​ ​UF 0.51​ ​(Based​ ​on​ ​UF​ ​table)
Maintenance​ ​Factor,​ ​MF 0.8​ ​(standard)
Number​ ​of​ ​fittings​ ​required,​ ​N
N​ ​=
E x A
F x UF x MF
N​ ​=
400 x 31.5
5000 x 0.51 x 0.8
​ ​​ ​​​ ​=​ ​
2040
126000
​ ​​ ​​ ​​ ​=​ ​6.176
​ ​​ ​​ ​​ ​=​ ​6​ ​lamps
Lightning​ ​layout​ ​and​ ​spacing
Smax​ ​=​ ​1.0​ ​x​ ​Hm
1.5​ ​x​ ​Hm
=​ ​1.5​ ​x​ ​2.4
=​ ​3.6​ ​m

19. 4.5​ ​Light​ ​Design​ ​Proposal
Figure​ ​4.4.1​ ​Reflected​ ​ceiling​ ​of​ ​classroom
Based​ ​on​ ​the​ ​Lumen​ ​Method​ ​calculation​ ​for​ ​the​ ​number​ ​of​ ​fittings​ ​required​ ​(9​ ​lamps)
and​ ​the​ ​lightning​ ​spacing​ ​(max​ ​3.6m​ ​apart)​ ​determined,​ ​the​ ​fitting​ ​layout​ ​is​ ​shown
through​ ​the​ ​reflected​ ​ceiling​ ​plan​ ​above.​ ​6​ ​lamps​ ​are​ ​placed​ ​in​ ​2​ ​rows​ ​of​ ​3​ ​fittings
each.​ ​The​ ​diagrams​ ​shows​ ​the​ ​spacing​ ​between​ ​each​ ​lamp​ ​both​ ​horizontally​ ​and
vertically,​ ​which​ ​does​ ​not​ ​exceed​ ​the​ ​spacing​ ​of​ ​3.6m​ ​also​ ​bearing​ ​that​ ​the​ ​length
fixtures​ ​is​ ​1.5m​ ​long.​ ​The​ ​light​ ​fittings​ ​are​ ​controlled​ ​by​ ​2​ ​switch,​ ​where​ ​each​ ​switch
controlling​ ​1​ ​rows​ ​of​ ​light.​ ​All​ ​switches​ ​are​ ​turned​ ​on​ ​where​ ​illumination​ ​is​ ​necessary.
Figure​ ​4.4.2​ ​Artificial​ ​light​ ​contour​ ​of​ ​classrooms
Proper​ ​layout​ ​is​ ​determined​ ​through​ ​lumen​ ​method​ ​calculation,​ ​where​ ​the​ ​fixture’s
positions​ ​are​ ​determined.​ ​The​ ​result​ ​of​ ​the​ ​entire​ ​space​ ​need​ ​to​ ​well​ ​illuminated​ ​with
the​ ​presence​ ​of​ ​artificial​ ​lightning.​ ​The​ ​PSALI​ ​scheme​ ​here​ ​is​ ​to​ ​light​ ​on​ ​either​ ​the
inner​ ​row​ ​where​ ​does​ ​not​ ​received​ ​natural​ ​light​ ​most​ ​of​ ​the​ ​time​ ​or​ ​both​ ​during​ ​the
dark.

20. 5.0​ ​References
Materials​ ​-​ ​Light​ ​Reflecting​ ​Factors.​ ​(n.d.).​ ​Retrieved​ ​December​ ​9,​ ​2017,​ ​from
https://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/light-material-reflecting-factor-d_1842.html
W.​ ​L.​ ​(2017,​ ​March​ ​3).​ ​This​ ​Ceiling​ ​Light​ ​Is​ ​Sleek​ ​and​ ​Hidden,​ ​But​ ​It's​ ​Far​ ​From​ ​Perfect.
Retrieved​ ​December​ ​10,​ ​2017,​ ​from
https://www.thespruce.com/recessed-lighting-pros-and-cons-1821552
Agarwal,​ ​T.​ ​(2016,​ ​August​ ​02).​ ​Fluorescent​ ​Light​ ​Tubes​ ​Advantages​ ​and​ ​Disadvantage.
Retrieved​ ​December​ ​10,​ ​2017,​ ​from
http://www.efxkits.com/blog/smart-fluorescent-antenna-for-wi-fi-applications/
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