Buffor solution.pptx
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A buffer is a solution that resists changes in pH with the addition of acids or bases. It contains a combination of a weak acid or base and the salt of its conjugate strong acid or base. Buffers do not keep solutions neutral, but rather keep them at a desired pH within a specific range called the buffer capacity. There are three main types of buffer solutions: those containing a weak acid and its conjugate base salt (pH < 7), those containing a weak base and its conjugate acid salt (pH > 7), and neutral phosphate buffers containing a weak acid and weak base (pH = 7). Weak acids or bases are used in buffers because they dissociate slowly, while their conjugate strong acid or base salts are fully
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Buffers
Buffers are compounds or mixtures
of compounds that by their presence
in the solution resist changes in the
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This document discusses non-aqueous titrations, including the types of solvents used, endpoint detection methods, and applications. It covers protogenic solvents like acetic acid that can act as both acids and bases, protophilic solvents with high proton affinity, and aprotic solvents like benzene that are inert. Common indicators and titrants used include crystal violet, perchloric acid, and sodium acetate. The document provides examples of using non-aqueous titrations to assay substances like sodium acetate and norfloxacin tablets that are insoluble or reactive in water.
Non aqueous titrations
1) Nonaqueous titration involves titrating substances dissolved in solvents other than water, commonly using organic bases titrated with perchloric acid in acetic acid.
2) Solvents used include aprotic solvents which are inert, protogenic solvents which are acidic, protophilic solvents which attract protons, and amphiprotic solvents which have both acidic and basic properties like acetic acid.
3) Endpoints in nonaqueous titrations are detected visually using pH indicator dyes which change color at the equivalence point, such as crystal violet turning from violet to greenish-yellow.
Buffer solution
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BufferpptxBuffer solutions freezing poin tonicity osmosis etc Isotonic hypot...
This document discusses buffers and buffered solutions. It begins by defining buffers as compounds that resist changes in pH upon the addition of small amounts of acid or alkali. It then discusses the components and properties of common buffer systems using weak acids and their conjugate bases or weak bases and their conjugate acids. Specific examples are provided of acetate and phosphate buffers. The key concepts of buffer capacity, Henderson-Hasselbalch equation, and factors that influence buffer capacity are explained. The importance of buffers in biological and pharmaceutical systems is highlighted. Methods for preparing buffered solutions and considerations for isotonicity are also covered.
Buffers
Buffer solutions are aqueous solutions that resist changes in pH upon the addition of small amounts of acid or base. They work by having both a weak acid and its conjugate base present in solution. Common examples include acetate, phosphate, and bicarbonate buffers. Buffers are important in biological systems like blood to regulate pH, and are also used in pharmaceuticals, biochemical assays, food, and other applications where constant pH is necessary. Their ability to neutralize added acid or base comes from the equilibrium between the weak acid and its conjugate base that can absorb added H+ or OH- ions.
Recommended
Buffer solutions and indicators
types of buffer solutions its kinetics and their applications. it also include types of indicators used in waste water engineering
Buffers
Buffers are compounds or mixtures
of compounds that by their presence
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pH upon the addition of small
quantities of acid or alkali.
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This document discusses non-aqueous titrations, including the types of solvents used, endpoint detection methods, and applications. It covers protogenic solvents like acetic acid that can act as both acids and bases, protophilic solvents with high proton affinity, and aprotic solvents like benzene that are inert. Common indicators and titrants used include crystal violet, perchloric acid, and sodium acetate. The document provides examples of using non-aqueous titrations to assay substances like sodium acetate and norfloxacin tablets that are insoluble or reactive in water.
Non aqueous titrations
1) Nonaqueous titration involves titrating substances dissolved in solvents other than water, commonly using organic bases titrated with perchloric acid in acetic acid.
2) Solvents used include aprotic solvents which are inert, protogenic solvents which are acidic, protophilic solvents which attract protons, and amphiprotic solvents which have both acidic and basic properties like acetic acid.
3) Endpoints in nonaqueous titrations are detected visually using pH indicator dyes which change color at the equivalence point, such as crystal violet turning from violet to greenish-yellow.
Buffer solution
Buffer solutions resist changes in pH upon the addition of acids or bases. They are necessary in laboratories where a solution of constant pH is required. There are two main types of buffer solutions: acidic buffers, made from a weak acid and its salt with a strong base, and alkaline buffers, made from a weak base and its salt with a strong acid. The buffering action occurs when the addition of H+ or OH- ions causes the equilibrium of the weak acid/base and its conjugate salt to partially offset the change.
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Buffers
Buffer solutions are aqueous solutions that resist changes in pH upon the addition of small amounts of acid or base. They work by having both a weak acid and its conjugate base present in solution. Common examples include acetate, phosphate, and bicarbonate buffers. Buffers are important in biological systems like blood to regulate pH, and are also used in pharmaceuticals, biochemical assays, food, and other applications where constant pH is necessary. Their ability to neutralize added acid or base comes from the equilibrium between the weak acid and its conjugate base that can absorb added H+ or OH- ions.
buffers action acids and bases mechanism.pptx
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Buffer solutions
1. Buffers resist changes in pH upon the addition of small amounts of acid or base through their composition of a weak acid and its salt with a strong base, or a weak base and its salt with a strong acid.
2. Buffer solutions are necessary to maintain a stable pH, as solutions exposed to air or glass containers can have their pH altered.
3. The three main types of buffers are acidic buffers composed of a weak acid and its salt, basic buffers composed of a weak base and its salt, and phosphate buffers composed of monobasic and dibasic potassium phosphate salts.
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2. Buffer solutions contain conjugate acid-base pairs like weak acids and their conjugate bases (HA/A-) or weak bases and their conjugate acids (B/BH+).
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Md : Obydulla Al Mamun
Id:131-29-500
9th(B)
Department Of Pharmacy
Daffodil International University
almamundcc94@gmail.com
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Md : Obydulla Al Mamun
Id:131-29-500
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Department Of Pharmacy
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almamundcc94@gmail.com
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Photorespiration.pptx
This document was submitted by Osama Alam from the Department of Bio-Technology at the University of Science & Technology in Bannu. It provides basic identifying information about the author and their academic affiliation. The document was submitted in September 2022.
Plant Tissue .pptx
This document summarizes the different types of plant tissues. There are two main types of plant tissue: meristematic tissue and permanent tissue. Meristematic tissue consists of cells that can divide, such as the apical and lateral meristems found in growing regions. Permanent tissue cannot divide further and includes simple tissues like parenchyma, collenchyma, and sclerenchyma, as well as complex tissues like xylem and phloem. The document defines the different tissues and their functions in plant growth and structure.
sulfur cycle.pptx
Sulfur is an essential nutrient for plant growth and development. It is required for the formation of chlorophyll, proteins, enzymes, and vitamins. Sulfur deficiency can stunt plant growth, reduce leaf size and number, and cause leaves to turn yellow or brown. Plants take up sulfur from the soil in the sulfate form through their root systems, which is then used to form the amino acids cysteine and methionine that are incorporated into proteins. The sulfur cycle describes the movement of sulfur between rocks, soil, water, air, and living organisms.
Monoclonal Antibody.pptx
The document discusses the preparation and applications of monoclonal antibodies. It describes the hybridoma technique used to produce monoclonal antibodies from identical clones of B lymphocytes. The major applications of monoclonal antibodies discussed are for diagnostic uses such as diagnostic imaging and ELISA tests, as well as therapeutic uses including directly treating diseases and targeting cancer cells for radioimmunotherapy or antibody-directed enzyme pro-drug therapy.
RESEARCH REPORT WRITING.pptx
The document outlines the key aspects of writing a research report, including definition, importance, characteristics, types, steps, and layout. It notes that a research report communicates research findings to transfer knowledge and identify gaps. It should have attractive characteristics like a clear topic and balanced language. Main types include theses, journal articles, and conference papers. Key steps involve analyzing the task, outlining, writing drafts while revising, adding a bibliography, and a final draft. The standard layout consists of a title page, abstract, introduction, literature review, methodology, results, discussion, conclusion, and references.
Ethical Guidelines for Academic Publishing.pptx
This document outlines ethical guidelines for academic publishing. It discusses the responsibilities of editors, authors, and reviewers. Editors must ensure impartiality, confidentiality, and a fair review process. Authors are responsible for original and accurate work, and providing attribution to others. Reviewers should objectively evaluate manuscripts based on academic merit, maintain confidentiality, and disclose conflicts of interest. The document provides detailed guidelines for each role to ensure integrity in the publication process.
quorum sensing.pptx
This document discusses quorum sensing, which is a communication mechanism between bacteria that allows processes like biofilm formation and virulence factor expression to be controlled. It defines quorum sensing and outlines three basic principles: bacteria produce signaling molecules called autoinducers, these molecules are detected by receptors, and detection leads to increased production of autoinducers. The document then discusses quorum sensing specifically in gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, noting the different signaling molecules used. Finally, it provides one example of how engineering quorum sensing systems in E. coli bacteria allows them to sense and kill pathogenic Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
More from Osama Alam (20)
poster Biodegradation of Butyl Rubber by Aspergillus niger.pptx
poster Biodegradation of Butyl Rubber by Aspergillus niger.pptx
Method of detection of food borne pathogen(methods).docx
Method of detection of food borne pathogen(methods).docx
Recently uploaded
8.Isolation of pure cultures and preservation of cultures.pdf
Isolation of pure culture, its various method.
Sexuality - Issues, Attitude and Behaviour - Applied Social Psychology - Psyc...
A proprietary approach developed by bringing together the best of learning theories from Psychology, design principles from the world of visualization, and pedagogical methods from over a decade of training experience, that enables you to: Learn better, faster!
Gadgets for management of stored product pests_Dr.UPR.pdf
Insectsplayamajorroleinthedeteriorationoffoodgrainscausingbothquantitativeandqualitativelosses
Wellprovedthatnogranariescanbefilledwithgrainswithoutinsectsastheharvestedproducecontainegg(or)larvae(or)pupae(or)adultinsectinthembecauseoffieldcarryoverinfestationwhichcannotbeavoidedindevelopingcountrieslikeIndia
Simpletechnologiesfortimelydetectionofinsectsinthestoredproduceandtherebyplantimelycontrolmeasures
Describing and Interpreting an Immersive Learning Case with the Immersion Cub...
Current descriptions of immersive learning cases are often difficult or impossible to compare. This is due to a myriad of different options on what details to include, which aspects are relevant, and on the descriptive approaches employed. Also, these aspects often combine very specific details with more general guidelines or indicate intents and rationales without clarifying their implementation. In this paper we provide a method to describe immersive learning cases that is structured to enable comparisons, yet flexible enough to allow researchers and practitioners to decide which aspects to include. This method leverages a taxonomy that classifies educational aspects at three levels (uses, practices, and strategies) and then utilizes two frameworks, the Immersive Learning Brain and the Immersion Cube, to enable a structured description and interpretation of immersive learning cases. The method is then demonstrated on a published immersive learning case on training for wind turbine maintenance using virtual reality. Applying the method results in a structured artifact, the Immersive Learning Case Sheet, that tags the case with its proximal uses, practices, and strategies, and refines the free text case description to ensure that matching details are included. This contribution is thus a case description method in support of future comparative research of immersive learning cases. We then discuss how the resulting description and interpretation can be leveraged to change immersion learning cases, by enriching them (considering low-effort changes or additions) or innovating (exploring more challenging avenues of transformation). The method holds significant promise to support better-grounded research in immersive learning.
Candidate young stellar objects in the S-cluster: Kinematic analysis of a sub...
Context. The observation of several L-band emission sources in the S cluster has led to a rich discussion of their nature. However, a definitive answer to the classification of the dusty objects requires an explanation for the detection of compact Doppler-shifted Brγ emission. The ionized hydrogen in combination with the observation of mid-infrared L-band continuum emission suggests that most of these sources are embedded in a dusty envelope. These embedded sources are part of the S-cluster, and their relationship to the S-stars is still under debate. To date, the question of the origin of these two populations has been vague, although all explanations favor migration processes for the individual cluster members. Aims. This work revisits the S-cluster and its dusty members orbiting the supermassive black hole SgrA* on bound Keplerian orbits from a kinematic perspective. The aim is to explore the Keplerian parameters for patterns that might imply a nonrandom distribution of the sample. Additionally, various analytical aspects are considered to address the nature of the dusty sources. Methods. Based on the photometric analysis, we estimated the individual H−K and K−L colors for the source sample and compared the results to known cluster members. The classification revealed a noticeable contrast between the S-stars and the dusty sources. To fit the flux-density distribution, we utilized the radiative transfer code HYPERION and implemented a young stellar object Class I model. We obtained the position angle from the Keplerian fit results; additionally, we analyzed the distribution of the inclinations and the longitudes of the ascending node. Results. The colors of the dusty sources suggest a stellar nature consistent with the spectral energy distribution in the near and midinfrared domains. Furthermore, the evaporation timescales of dusty and gaseous clumps in the vicinity of SgrA* are much shorter ( 2yr) than the epochs covered by the observations (≈15yr). In addition to the strong evidence for the stellar classification of the D-sources, we also find a clear disk-like pattern following the arrangements of S-stars proposed in the literature. Furthermore, we find a global intrinsic inclination for all dusty sources of 60 ± 20◦, implying a common formation process. Conclusions. The pattern of the dusty sources manifested in the distribution of the position angles, inclinations, and longitudes of the ascending node strongly suggests two different scenarios: the main-sequence stars and the dusty stellar S-cluster sources share a common formation history or migrated with a similar formation channel in the vicinity of SgrA*. Alternatively, the gravitational influence of SgrA* in combination with a massive perturber, such as a putative intermediate mass black hole in the IRS 13 cluster, forces the dusty objects and S-stars to follow a particular orbital arrangement. Key words. stars: black holes– stars: formation– Galaxy: center– galaxies: star formation
Summary Of transcription and Translation.pdf
Hello Everyone Here We are Sharing You with The process of protien Synthesis in very short points you will be Able to understand It Very well
Holsinger, Bruce W. - Music, body and desire in medieval culture [2001].pdf
Music and Medieval History
Authoring a personal GPT for your research and practice: How we created the Q...
Thematic analysis in qualitative research is a time-consuming and systematic task, typically done using teams. Team members must ground their activities on common understandings of the major concepts underlying the thematic analysis, and define criteria for its development. However, conceptual misunderstandings, equivocations, and lack of adherence to criteria are challenges to the quality and speed of this process. Given the distributed and uncertain nature of this process, we wondered if the tasks in thematic analysis could be supported by readily available artificial intelligence chatbots. Our early efforts point to potential benefits: not just saving time in the coding process but better adherence to criteria and grounding, by increasing triangulation between humans and artificial intelligence. This tutorial will provide a description and demonstration of the process we followed, as two academic researchers, to develop a custom ChatGPT to assist with qualitative coding in the thematic data analysis process of immersive learning accounts in a survey of the academic literature: QUAL-E Immersive Learning Thematic Analysis Helper. In the hands-on time, participants will try out QUAL-E and develop their ideas for their own qualitative coding ChatGPT. Participants that have the paid ChatGPT Plus subscription can create a draft of their assistants. The organizers will provide course materials and slide deck that participants will be able to utilize to continue development of their custom GPT. The paid subscription to ChatGPT Plus is not required to participate in this workshop, just for trying out personal GPTs during it.
Randomised Optimisation Algorithms in DAPHNE
Slides from talk:
Aleš Zamuda: Randomised Optimisation Algorithms in DAPHNE .
Austrian-Slovenian HPC Meeting 2024 – ASHPC24, Seeblickhotel Grundlsee in Austria, 10–13 June 2024
https://ashpc.eu/
CLASS 12th CHEMISTRY SOLID STATE ppt (Animated)
Description:
Dive into the fascinating realm of solid-state physics with our meticulously crafted online PowerPoint presentation. This immersive educational resource offers a comprehensive exploration of the fundamental concepts, theories, and applications within the realm of solid-state physics.
From crystalline structures to semiconductor devices, this presentation delves into the intricate principles governing the behavior of solids, providing clear explanations and illustrative examples to enhance understanding. Whether you're a student delving into the subject for the first time or a seasoned researcher seeking to deepen your knowledge, our presentation offers valuable insights and in-depth analyses to cater to various levels of expertise.
Key topics covered include:
Crystal Structures: Unravel the mysteries of crystalline arrangements and their significance in determining material properties.
Band Theory: Explore the electronic band structure of solids and understand how it influences their conductive properties.
Semiconductor Physics: Delve into the behavior of semiconductors, including doping, carrier transport, and device applications.
Magnetic Properties: Investigate the magnetic behavior of solids, including ferromagnetism, antiferromagnetism, and ferrimagnetism.
Optical Properties: Examine the interaction of light with solids, including absorption, reflection, and transmission phenomena.
With visually engaging slides, informative content, and interactive elements, our online PowerPoint presentation serves as a valuable resource for students, educators, and enthusiasts alike, facilitating a deeper understanding of the captivating world of solid-state physics. Explore the intricacies of solid-state materials and unlock the secrets behind their remarkable properties with our comprehensive presentation.
The binding of cosmological structures by massless topological defects
Assuming spherical symmetry and weak field, it is shown that if one solves the Poisson equation or the Einstein field
equations sourced by a topological defect, i.e. a singularity of a very specific form, the result is a localized gravitational
field capable of driving flat rotation (i.e. Keplerian circular orbits at a constant speed for all radii) of test masses on a thin
spherical shell without any underlying mass. Moreover, a large-scale structure which exploits this solution by assembling
concentrically a number of such topological defects can establish a flat stellar or galactic rotation curve, and can also deflect
light in the same manner as an equipotential (isothermal) sphere. Thus, the need for dark matter or modified gravity theory is
mitigated, at least in part.
_Extraction of Ethylene oxide and 2-Chloroethanol from alternate matrices Li...
How do you know your food is safe?
Last Friday was world World Food Safety Day, facilitated by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and the World Health Organization (WHO) in which the slogan rightly says, 'food safety is everyone's business'. Due to this, I thought it would be worth sharing some data that I have worked on in this field!
Working at Markes International has really opened my eyes (and unfortunately my friends and family 🤣) to food safety and quality, especially with my recent application work on ethylene oxide and 2-chloroethanol residues in foodstuffs, as of the biggest global food recalls in history was and is still being implemented by the Rapid alert system for food and feed (RASFF) in 2021, for high levels of these carcinogenic compounds.
Direct Seeded Rice - Climate Smart Agriculture
Direct Seeded Rice - Climate Smart AgricultureInternational Food Policy Research Institute- South Asia Office
PPT on Direct Seeded Rice presented at the three-day 'Training and Validation Workshop on Modules of Climate Smart Agriculture (CSA) Technologies in South Asia' workshop on April 22, 2024.
The cost of acquiring information by natural selection
This is a short talk that I gave at the Banff International Research Station workshop on Modeling and Theory in Population Biology. The idea is to try to understand how the burden of natural selection relates to the amount of information that selection puts into the genome.
It's based on the first part of this research paper:
The cost of information acquisition by natural selection
Ryan Seamus McGee, Olivia Kosterlitz, Artem Kaznatcheev, Benjamin Kerr, Carl T. Bergstrom
bioRxiv 2022.07.02.498577; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.07.02.498577
Pests of Storage_Identification_Dr.UPR.pdf
InIndia-post-harvestlosses-unscientificstorage,insects,rodents,micro-organismsetc.,accountforabout10percentoftotalfoodgrains
Graininfestation
Directdamage
Indirectly
•theexuviae,skin,deadinsects
•theirexcretawhichmakefoodunfitforhumanconsumption
About600speciesofinsectshavebeenassociatedwithstoredgrainproducts
100speciesofinsectpestsofstoredproductscauseeconomiclosses
ESA/ACT Science Coffee: Diego Blas - Gravitational wave detection with orbita...
ESA/ACT Science Coffee: Diego Blas - Gravitational wave detection with orbita...Advanced-Concepts-Team
Presentation in the Science Coffee of the Advanced Concepts Team of the European Space Agency on the 07.06.2024.
Speaker: Diego Blas (IFAE/ICREA)
Title: Gravitational wave detection with orbital motion of Moon and artificial
Abstract:
In this talk I will describe some recent ideas to find gravitational waves from supermassive black holes or of primordial origin by studying their secular effect on the orbital motion of the Moon or satellites that are laser ranged.JAMES WEBB STUDY THE MASSIVE BLACK HOLE SEEDS
The pathway(s) to seeding the massive black holes (MBHs) that exist at the heart of galaxies in the present and distant Universe remains an unsolved problem. Here we categorise, describe and quantitatively discuss the formation pathways of both light and heavy seeds. We emphasise that the most recent computational models suggest that rather than a bimodal-like mass spectrum between light and heavy seeds with light at one end and heavy at the other that instead a continuum exists. Light seeds being more ubiquitous and the heavier seeds becoming less and less abundant due the rarer environmental conditions required for their formation. We therefore examine the different mechanisms that give rise to different seed mass spectrums. We show how and why the mechanisms that produce the heaviest seeds are also among the rarest events in the Universe and are hence extremely unlikely to be the seeds for the vast majority of the MBH population. We quantify, within the limits of the current large uncertainties in the seeding processes, the expected number densities of the seed mass spectrum. We argue that light seeds must be at least 103 to 105 times more numerous than heavy seeds to explain the MBH population as a whole. Based on our current understanding of the seed population this makes heavy seeds (Mseed > 103 M⊙) a significantly more likely pathway given that heavy seeds have an abundance pattern than is close to and likely in excess of 10−4 compared to light seeds. Finally, we examine the current state-of-the-art in numerical calculations and recent observations and plot a path forward for near-future advances in both domains.
Recently uploaded (20)
8.Isolation of pure cultures and preservation of cultures.pdf
8.Isolation of pure cultures and preservation of cultures.pdf
Sexuality - Issues, Attitude and Behaviour - Applied Social Psychology - Psyc...
Sexuality - Issues, Attitude and Behaviour - Applied Social Psychology - Psyc...
Gadgets for management of stored product pests_Dr.UPR.pdf
Gadgets for management of stored product pests_Dr.UPR.pdf
Describing and Interpreting an Immersive Learning Case with the Immersion Cub...
Describing and Interpreting an Immersive Learning Case with the Immersion Cub...
Microbiology of Central Nervous System INFECTIONS.pdf
Microbiology of Central Nervous System INFECTIONS.pdf
Candidate young stellar objects in the S-cluster: Kinematic analysis of a sub...
Candidate young stellar objects in the S-cluster: Kinematic analysis of a sub...
Holsinger, Bruce W. - Music, body and desire in medieval culture [2001].pdf
Holsinger, Bruce W. - Music, body and desire in medieval culture [2001].pdf
Authoring a personal GPT for your research and practice: How we created the Q...
Authoring a personal GPT for your research and practice: How we created the Q...
The binding of cosmological structures by massless topological defects
The binding of cosmological structures by massless topological defects
_Extraction of Ethylene oxide and 2-Chloroethanol from alternate matrices Li...
_Extraction of Ethylene oxide and 2-Chloroethanol from alternate matrices Li...
The cost of acquiring information by natural selection
The cost of acquiring information by natural selection
ESA/ACT Science Coffee: Diego Blas - Gravitational wave detection with orbita...
ESA/ACT Science Coffee: Diego Blas - Gravitational wave detection with orbita...
Buffor solution.pptx
- 1. Submitted By: Osama Alam Department of Bio-Technology University of Science & Technology, Bannu September 2022
- 3. • A buffer is a solution that is used to resist pH change with the addition of acid or base. • COMPOSITION Combination of weak Acid/Base with salt of its conjugate strong Acid/Base.
- 4. NOTE • Buffer doesnot keep the solution Neutral. • it keep the solution according to desired PH. • it has a range to the specific PH which is called Buffer capacity
- 5. Types Of Buffer Solution Solutions of a weak acid and its salt of conjugate base. PH < 7 Example : Sodium citrate buffer Solutions of a weak base and its salt of conjugate acid. PH > 7 Example Ammonium buffer Example : Example :
- 6. • Produced by mixing weak acid and weak base PH = 7 Phosphate buffer Neutral Buffer : Example:
- 7. Scale
- 8. Mechanism
- 9. Why weak Acid or Base is used in Buffer Solution • Because weak acid or base dissociate into its ions very slowly and the product containing H+/OH- does not effect buffer solution. CH3COOH (aq) CH3COO– (aq) + H+ (aq) CH3COO– (aq) + H+ (aq) CH3COOH (aq)
- 10. why salt of strong Acid/Base is used. • Because the strong Acid/Base is fully dissociated in solution which will neutralize the negative part of added Acid/Base.
- 11. Why conjugate salt is added • Conjugate salt of given acid/base is added to decrease the solubility • Solubility decreases due to COMMON ION EFFECT. • Thats why the acid and salt is not dissolved.
- 13. • Why buffer solution is used........... • Why weak acid is used ............ • Why acid and salt is not dissolved in buffer solution........ • If strong acid is used what will happen to buffer mechanism............. • Why water is not used as a neutral buffer............ • Do buffer maintain a specific PH......... • Example of Acidic buffer............. • Example of Basic buffer.......... • Example of Neutral buffer.........