Bruxism is defined as a repetitive jaw muscle activity characterized by teeth clenching or grinding during sleep or wakefulness. It occurs in 14% of children and 8% of adults. Risk factors include stress, anxiety, personality type, and certain medications. It is thought to be related to disturbances in the central neurotransmitter system and may be associated with breathing or arousal disturbances during sleep. Bruxism is diagnosed through patient interviews about symptoms, clinical examinations of the jaw and teeth, and sleep studies that record jaw muscle activity. Treatment options include oral appliances and potentially Botox injections.