Brutalism Architecture (EXPLORING VERSATALITY OF R.C.C.)

CONTEMPORARY ARCHITECTURAL TRENDS AND THEORIES
DEEPIKA VERMA
M. Arch. (1ST Sem)
BRUTALISM
EXPLORING VERSATALITY OF R.C.C.

BRUTALISM
THECELEBRATIONOFCONCRETE
DEEPIKA VERMA
Introduction
 The term originates from the French béton brut, or
"raw concrete".
 Brutalism is an architectural style that spawned
from the Modernist architectural movement and
which flourished from the 1950s to the1970s.
 The early style was largely inspired by the work of
Swiss architect, Le Corbusier(in particular his Unite
de habitation building) and of Mies Van der Rohe.
 Le Corbusier use the term brutalism to describe his
own work, though it was originally COINED BY the
British architects Alison and Peter Smithson.
 The term eventually became part of the common
architectural lexicon when Reyner Banham used it in
his book, “New Brutalism”

BRUTALISM
DEEPIKA VERMA
Introduction
When used in describing architecture, brutalism
refers to a :-
Brutalist buildings are usually
formed with striking blockish,
geometric, and repetitive
shapes, and often reveal the
textures of the wooden forms
used to shape the material,
which is normally rough,
unadorned poured concrete.
- Dynamic Geometric
Style That Is Massive
- Monolithic
- Blocky In Appearance
- Typically Contains
Poured Concrete
Ernő Goldfinger :
Trellick Tower,
London, 1966–1972,

BRUTALISM
DEEPIKA VERMA
 STRONG BOLD SHAPES.
 REINFORCED CONCRETE STRUCTURES.
 LARGENESS OF SCALE , STRONG.
 OFF FORM CONCRETE CONSTRUCTION.
 LARGE AREAS OF BLANK WALL.
 DIAGONAL , SLOPING OR STRONG CURVED
ELEMENTS CONTRASTING WITH HORIZONTAL AND
VERTICAL MEMBERS.
 BRUTALIST BUILDING MATERIALS ALSO INCLUDE
BRICK, GLASS, STEEL.
 THE EXPOSURE OF THE BUILDING'S FUNCTIONS —
RANGING FROM THEIR STRUCTURE AND SERVICES
TO THEIR HUMAN USE—IN THE EXTERIOR OF THE
BUILDING.
CHARACTERISTICS

BRUTALISM
DEEPIKA VERMA
Leading Brutalists
Architects associated with the brutalist style
include-
 Le-Corbusier with his works across the world,
 Paul Rudolph one of the masters in Brutalism,
 Japanise architect Kenzo Tange,Erno goldfinger,
 Husband-wife Peter and Alison Smithsor, members
of Team X.
 Outside Britain Louis Kahn with government
buildings in Asia,
 Charles Correa with residential buildings,
 More recent Modernists such as I.M Pie and Tadao
Ando have also designed notable Brutalist works.

BRUTALISM
DEEPIKA VERMA
Le-corbusier
 Le Corbusier used to
describe the poured concrete
with which he constructed
many of his post-World War II
buildings.
 First architect to make use of
rough caste concrete.
 He was the most admired and
criticized architect of the
last century.
 Acceptance of vernacular as
a valid mode of architectural
expression.
 Unité d' Habitation is
arguably the most influential
Brutalist building of all time.

BRUTALISM
DEEPIKA VERMA
Le-corbusier
Unite d’habitation,
Marseille, France,
1947-1952.
Notre Dame du Haut Chapel,
Ronchamp, France, 1955.
CHARACTERISTICS
strong bold shapes.
r.c.c. structures.
off form concrete structure.
diagonal , sloping or strong
curved elements contrasting
with horizontal and vertical
members.
the exposure of the building's
functions: structure and
services.
CHARACTERISTICS
strong bold shapes.
r.c.c. structures.
largeness of scale.
off form concrete
construction.
curved elements contrasting
with horizontal and vertical
members.

BRUTALISM
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PAUL RUDOLPH
 Inspired by Corbusier.
 Use of highly textured
concrete surface.
 Hammering technique
evolved to achieve a
visually enriching
tectile quality in
concrete exposing the
inner aggregate.
 Innovative use of
FORM WORK to
enhance visual quality
of concrete such as
ribbed wood forms.

BRUTALISM
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PAUL RUDOLPH
Yale Art and Architecture Building,
New Haven, Connecticut, 1963
TEMPLE STREET PARKING GARAGE, NEW
HEAVEN, CT, 1959-1963
CHARACTERISTICS
strong bold shapes.
r.c.c. structures.
largeness of scale .
visually enhancing tectile
quality in concrete
blank walls.

BRUTALISM
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KANZO TANGE
Kenzo Tange is the Pritzker-
Prize Winning Japanese
architect who define Japan’s
post-WWII emergence into
Modernism.
 Believed in fusion of
traditional and modern
architecture after 1960’s
 Influenced by Le-
corbusier
 Took inspiration from the
nature
 Appealing to emotions and
senses
 Justification of function
 Justification of design
 Need of symbolism

BRUTALISM
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KANZO TANGE
Tange’s own home, Japan, 1953
National gymnasium , The Yoyogi
Park, Tokyo, 1961-1964.
CHARACTERISTICS
strong bold shapes.
reinforced concrete structures.
largeness of scale , strong.
off form concrete construction.
curved elements.
CHARACTERISTICS
inspired from le cobusier’s
villa savoye
horizontal and vertical
members.
use of brutalist building
materials r.c.c., brick,
glass, steel.

BRUTALISM
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Erno goldfinger
 Hungarian-born architect
and designer of furniture
 Prominently remembered
for designing residential
tower blocks.
 Family business was
forestry and saw-mills,
which led Goldfinger to
consider a career in
engineering

BRUTALISM
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Erno goldfinger
Balforn Tower,
London, England,
1965-1967
trellick Tower,
London, England,
1972
CHARACTERISTICS
strong bold shapes.
reinforced concrete
structures.
largeness of scale ,
strong.
use of brutalist
building materials
brick, glass, steel.
the exposure of the
building's functions

BRUTALISM
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Team x ( New Brutalism / Structuralism)
 Group formed by younger generation of CIAM members.
 They disgraced with the founding ideologies of CIAM
Opposed brutalism original concept.
 Two different movements emerged from Team 10:
the New Brutalism of the English members (Alison and
Peter Smithson) and the Structuralism of the Dutch
members (Aldo van Eyck and Jacob Bakema).
 a small family group
of architects who
have sought each
other out because
each has found the
help of the others
necessary to the
development and
understanding of
their own individual
work.

BRUTALISM
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Team x
Peter and Alison Smithson :
Hunstaton School,
Hunstanton, England, 1954
It was designed by the intellectual
architectural couple, Peter and Alison
Smithson and was one of the most
popular works by the Smithsons. the
school was strikingly modern in many
ways, most notably in its extensive use
of glass and steel, and the unusual
free-standing water tower. It is often
regarded as the first important
example of the movement which came to
be known as New Brutalism

BRUTALISM
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Louis Kahn
 An American architect
 Served as a design critic
and professor of
architecture at Yale
School of
Architecture from 1947
to 1957.
 Created a style that was
monumental and
monolithic; his heavy
buildings do not hide
their weight, their
materials, or the way they
are assembled.
 Kahn's works are
considered as monumental
beyond modernism.

BRUTALISM
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Louis Kahn
jatiyo sangsad bhaban, (parliament of
bangladesh), sher-e-bangla nagar, dhaka,
1961-1982
CHARACTERISTICS
STRONG BOLD SHAPES.
REINFORCED CONCRETE STRUCTURES.
LARGENESS OF SCALE , STRONG.
LARGE AREAS OF BLANK WALL.

BRUTALISM
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 Concrete building criticized due to weathering effects
in every weather condition excluding the deserts.
 Concrete building criticized due to weathering effects
in every weather condition excluding the deserts
CRITICISM
 Water staining due to moisture
 Algae formation and discoloration
 Chosen to cater economically
weaker Community.
 people highly dissatisfied with the
space and the boxtype buildings.

BRUTALISM
DEEPIKA VERMA
CONCLUSION
 War-ravaged Britain wanted a solution that looked
modern and forward-thinking and that fitted with the
excitement that followed the initial post-war
depression.
 The New Brutalism pioneered in France by Le
Corbusier.
 An undeniably honest approach to architecture that
demanded form follow function and avoided
unnecessary flourishes.
 The Brutalist approach was all about showing off the
materials from which the building was made, about
sharp angles, rough surfacing and exposed services.
 Brutalist architecture was a relatively short-lived
fashion but due to the large number of building
projects going on at the time of its peak leaves a
lasting legacy.

BRUTALISM
DEEPIKA VERMA
THANK YOU


Brutalism Architecture (EXPLORING VERSATALITY OF R.C.C.)

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