Functionalism is an architectural style that emphasizes form following function. It originated with Louis Sullivan and was popularized by Le Corbusier. Key features include low ornamentation, an emphasis on materials, and a focus on a building's purpose. Examples discussed include Le Corbusier's Unite d'Habitation and the Lotus Temple in Delhi. Brutalism developed from functionalism and is characterized by sculptural concrete forms and an emphasis on texture and raw materials. Pioneering Brutalist architects mentioned include Le Corbusier, Louis Kahn, and Paul Rudolf.

1. FUNCTIONALISM
GUIDED BY;
PROF. J. DESHMUKH
Presented BY;
NIKITA SAHUJI
VISHAKHA THOLE
VIREN TAWDE

2. WHAT IS FUNCTIONALISM ?

4. FUNCTIONALISM IS DESIGNING
ACCORDING TO FUNCTION OF
THE BUILDING

5. HOW DID IT COME TO PICTURE ?
Can be traced back to Vitruvian theory of Utilitarian
architecture.
Idea by Louis Sullvian and practisced by Le corbusier
widely.
 Associated with the modern style of architecture
LOUIS SULLIVAN LE CORBUSIERLE CORBUSIER

6. WHAT ARE FEATURES OF FUNCTIONALISM ?
Low levels of ornamentation and
extraneous decoration.
Prominent display of raw materials.
FORM FOLLOWS FUNCTION ie; function
comes first, The apperance and shape is of
secondary concern.

7. What is the function of an auditorium ?
Good acoustics
Proper line of vision
Comfortable seatings
What gives a form to an auditorium ?
Shape and volume
Elevational treatment
Form and use of material

8. the pioneers
“It is the pervading law of all things… that
form ever follows function”
-Louis Sullivan
(1896)
Louis Sullivan, Guaranty Building,
Buffalo, New York, 1896

9. Bauhaus functionalism
German Institution established for rational social housing
for the workers after world war 1 by WALTER GROUPIUS
Rejected Bourgeois details like eaves, cornices and
decorative elements.
Used principles of Classical Architecture in its purest form
without any ornamentation
The design includes three
wings divided by function
(workshops, school, and
administration) and features a
glass curtain wall accentuated
by a steel frame.
Walter Gropius New School building,
Weimar, 1926

10. the pioneers
“The house is a machine for living in”
-Le Corbusier
Le Corbusier, Unite d’Habitation,
Marseilles, France, 1947-53

11.  The separation and visual
distinctiveness of public spaces
from the private apartments
 Colour is the only ornament.
 The stacking and interlocking of
individual apartments (like
bottles in a rack)
 The modular design and
proportions
 The 27 varieties of apartments
 The ventilation, and grid
planning.
 The views out to trees, parkland,
sea, mountains
Le Corbusier’s Unite
d’Habitation, Marseilles,
France, 1947-53
Functionalist features

12. the pioneers
Mies van der Rohe, Seagram
Building, New York, 1956-9
Who ever regrets that the house of the future
can no longer be constructed by craftsmen
should bare in mind that the motorcar is no
longer built by the wheelwright”
-Mies van der Rohe

13. BARCELONA PAVILION,1929:
Aim was to develop a free flowing space and use
least components and that is done by using walls as
planes.
Function of an exhibition space is satisfied to
extreme level.
Properly managed the play of lightened and dark
spaces
Use of stone and glass.
Served as a exhibition space for a long time , now
considered as heritage space.

15. Lotus temple, delhi,1986:
 It is a Bahai House of Worship of an impression of
half open lotus.
Justifies concept of function of FORM FOLLOWS
FUNCTION.
Serves as a Mother Temple to indian subcontinent.
The building is composed of 27 free-standing
marble-clad "petals" arranged in clusters of three to
form nine sides,[2] with nine doors opening onto a
central hall .

17. Brutalism
Celebrating concrete
(1950’s to 1970’s)

18. What is brutalism ?

19. HOW DID IT COME TO PICTURE ?
Coined by British architects Peter Smithson and Alison
Brutalism probably came from the prominent Modernist
architect Le Corbusier and his project for Unité
d’Habitation in 1952.
Brutalism became popular with governmental and
institutional clients, with numerous examples in English-
speaking countries.
 Modern architecture came to Britain quite late, and it was
then soon “replaced by Brutalism”.

20. What are features of functionalism ?
 Strong and bold geometric shapes  Use of reinforced Concrete
 Diagonal ,sloping and strongly curved
elements with massive horizontal and
vertical members.
 Using purest form of brick, concrete,
glass, etc.
Ronchamp Chappel ,France
Concert Hall, Japan
National Theatre, London
UCSD Library, California

21. the pioneers:
Le Corbusier across the world.
 Louis kahn’s Asian office buildings.
Paul Rudolf in America.
Modern Architect Tadao Ando in
Brazil
Charles Correa in India.

22. Le Corbusier’s Boston city hall , 1969:
 Boston City Hall is consists of the offices
of the Mayor of Boston and the Boston City
Council.
Designed by the precedents of Le
Corbusier, Gerhard Kallmann, Michael
McKinnell.

23. brutalist features:
Sculptural use of raw
concrete.
Heavy massy structure.
Use of slender base support
Maintaining the geometry
formed by RCC members
Pure geometrical forms clad
with sleek curtain walls
Articulated structure
expressing the internal
functions in rugged,
cantilevered concrete forms.

24. Yale school of architecture,
USA,1958 to 1965:
Paul Rudolf’s Modern Brutal building.
A seven storeyed building consisting studios,
exhibitions, lab, halls, etc
Interesting combination of terraces on each
level.
 The great revelation is the way the
muscularity of the exterior is used to disguise
the lightness of the interiors.

25. Yale school of architecture,
USA,1958 to 1965:
Fortress like building giving a massy look.
Textured with Concrete and layered with steel framed
glazing glass.
Intersecting volume of bulky concrete.
Concrete and glass supported by series of columns giving
look of turrets.
Play of light and shadow.

26. Charles Correa’s Ramkrishna
House, 1962–1964
A large brick concrete residence in ahemdabad in
1962 made for a mill owner
Vernacular architecture consists of two asymmetric
brick “sails”, which are connected by a body of exposed
concrete.
 The simple profile of the front collides with the
complex back side which consists of a combination of
geometric brick and concrete volumes.