The document summarizes the modern movement in architecture that emerged in the early 20th century. It discusses key events like the founding of the Bauhaus school in 1919 and influential architects such as Walter Gropius, Mies van der Rohe, and Le Corbusier. It also outlines the main principles of modern architecture like form following function, use of new materials like steel and glass, and rejection of ornamentation. Examples of modernist projects from around the world are provided, including works by Oscar Niemeyer and Frank Lloyd Wright. The modern movement marked a significant departure from classical styles and aimed to solve housing and design problems of the industrial era.

1. MODERN MOVEMENT

2. 2013/2014

3. Takouk Aya ----------------------Gr:09 td
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4. Work Plan
Introduction
What the modern movement?
The causes of onset of modern architecture
Modern architecture after 1918 * Bauhaus
Principles and characteristics
Trends in modern movement
Functionalism * Rationalism * Organic * Constructivism * Brutalism
Architects-modern movement leaders
Examples of projects worldwide
Conclusion

5. INTRODUCTION
The architecture of the 19th century was influenced by the classicism and
eclecticism.
In the early 20th century a number of architects felt the numbers need a
new architecture based on scientific progress and which could meet the
needs of the time. these architects worked at the time.
these architects worked independently on its side in the same direction but
these attempts remained isolated acts.

6. • The architects realized that they had to release imitations and there was a
real beauty in the simplicity of geometric shapes.

7. What the modern movement?
• The modern movement generally refers to artistic
production from the early 20th century, including
movements, styles and various schools, and whose
common point is to be out more or less pronounced with
the aesthetic canons in force since Renaissance.

8. The causes of the appearance of
modern architecture
 The non adequacy of classical architecture to the needs of
society
The crisis after the war and the need to rebuild (faster and
cheaper)
The industrialization and the emergence of capitalism
The change of the political situation in Europe (after the war)
Unresolved problems of habitat.

9. Modern architecture after 1918
The next period was known accelerated evolution of the modern movement.
The most interesting facts were first produced in Europe.
Especially in Germany, France, Holland The two greatest architects that
have marked this period are:
Walter Gropius (founder of the Bauhaus)
Le Corbusier (and principles)

10. BAUHAUS
Bauhaus, founded
by Walter Gropius
in 1919, in which
was developed in
fourteen years of
existence, a large
part of modern
aesthetics in
design, graphic
design, furniture
and architecture.

11. • This school will train a generation of artists, artisans and
architects, which are taught the principles of collective creation
in the service of art, industry and production.
• One of the objectives of the Bauhaus is the study of the
systematic and standardized housing construction with
prefabricated elements.
• Bauhaus, where prominent architects teach as Hannes Meyer,
Mies van der Rohe and Marcel Breueret.

12. PRINCIPLES AND
CHARACTERISTICS
Out with the past, particularly with neo-classicism and
eclecticism of the 19th century .
* Use of new materials (concrete and steel)
* Plateau free is to say free of any interior partition
* The rationality of architectural forms.
* The use of industrial technology and standardization.
* Transparency: which results in a perfect correspondence with inside
and outside.

13. • Using a new architectural vocabulary that Le Corbusier
expressed by five principles:
A free plan through posts slabs structure.
Stilts witch free ground traffic
Long windows or banner.
Facade structure.
Roof terrace.

14. 1--FREE PLAN

15. 2--THE PILES

16. 3--LONG WINDOWS

17. 4--FREE FACADE

18. 5--ROOF TERRACE

19. Trends of the Modern Movement
•Rationalism:
Architectural Current the first third of the 20th century advocating building stripped of
ornaments, free from academic or historical past and largely based on functionalism.
•Functionalism:
architectural principle that the shape of buildings and furniture should be an expression of
their use.
Functionalism is similar and sometimes confused with rationalism.
This doctrine can not be detached from a framework of wider reflection which aims to
reform all the relations of men to buildings.

20. •organic:
The building must grow beyond its own limits.
its own limitations.
The architectural form is actually determined by the function assigned to the building and
its environment.
The choice of building materials for their colors, their textures or to their structural
characteristics becomes paramount.

21. Other trends:
Pluralism.
Constructivism.
The Brutalism.
The formalist trend.

22. leading architects of the modern
movement
Adolf Loos, Tony Garnier and Theo Van Doesburg:
they integrate their constructions in the first theories of
rationalist architecture,developed by parrationaliste
subsequently developed later by
Walter Gropius, Mies van der Rohe, Frank Lloyd
Wright and Le Corbusier.

23. Gropius Walter (1883-1969):
• Architecte, designer, urbaniste et
professeur américain d'origine
allemande n'avez l'œuvre s'inscrivit
Dans Une optique rationaliste et
sociale, et qui-fonda le Bauhaus en
1919.

24. Frank Lloyd Wright (1867-1959):
•He invented in the
United States,
functionalism organic
inspiration.

25. Ludwig Mies van der (1886-1969)
• Ludwig Mies van der
(1886-1969), American
architect
origineaméricain
German-born leader of
the architecture of glass
and steel of the
international style.

26. Le Corbusier (1887- 1965):
Architecte, urbaniste et théoricien
français d’origine suisse. Partisan
du fonctionnalisme, Le Corbusier
a profondément marqué, tant par
son œuvre que par ses écrits,
l’architecture du 20ème siècle.

27. VIDEO ON MODERN ARCHITECTS

28. Examples

29. The child care in Rio De Janeiro 1937
• 1937 The first important building
Niemeyer, strongly influenced by
Le Corbusier. This is a very
elongated main building together
with a cubic, four-level street
side, resting on poles. Shape is
defined by climatic conditions:
sunshades

30. The Sao Francisco church, Pampulha,
Minas Gerais .1942-1943
A mannerism in the forms:
• The vaulted as the
predominant principle of
church and annexes form.
• The canopy of the entrance is
a relatively very thick slab,
based on a rating flared bell
upwards, and the other side
on extremely thin arches
supports.
• Poles.

31. The government palace, Brazil 1956-
1960
• Parliament 1960:
Tour containing MPs' offices in the foreground, a low body
building, very elongated, carrying two huge domes covering the
Senate and two chambers of deputies who designed special
forms.

32. Ibirapuera Park in Sao Paulo, 1951-
1954
• A construction method manifesting clear rejection of the right angle.
• The exhibition halls cubic or rectangular shapes, the Palace of Arts
and the hall are connected together by a huge reinforced concrete
roof, concave and convex The same contrast orthogonal lines and
free-form was found inside the halls.

33. The Ministry of Education Rio de
Janeiro1937-1943 and le Corbusier
• Lucio Costa, Carlos
Leão, Jorge Moreira,
Oscar Niemeyer,
Affonso Reidy E,
Ernani Vasconcelos
and Le Corbusier.

34. Organic architecture created by Wright
• She wants to develop a closer relationship with
nature.
• He wants to characterize an architecture whose
shape is formed as in nature by fulfilling
functional needs
• This design should in no case lead to an
imitation of the forms of nature.

35. The house on the cascade 1936
• The house on the waterfall is a
poem in stone, air, fire and
water.
• The overlapping slabs intersect
freely, releasing terraces.
• The use of the possibilities of
cantilever in reinforced
concrete.

36. The Guggenheim Museum, New York,
studied in 1943-1946 construed in 1957-1959.
Creating Wright becomes evident with the construction of a museum in
which are exposed the tables Stijl movement, long, is into history.
This is a volume amounting spiral.
It is not a prototype for museums and not for a museum with paintings of the
Renaissance, in which the movement so time plays a crucial role.
This is a typical example for the design of Wright plasticity and continuity of
the constructed object.

37. Opera and Cultural center of Baghdad
1957
• The provision recalls old Babylonian
forms of construction.
• Isolated symbolic elements.
• The characteristic decoration Wright at
the end of his life (metal sculptures adorn
walls and scenes of Arabian Nights)

38. Conclusion:
The modern movement is a great revolution in the history of architecture,
which marked the 20th century, and has responded in the world, coming
solve the problems of his time…
his reputation is due to a new approach to architecture.

39. Bibliography
- Modern architecture JM Richards-
- M Richards in October 1968 347Pages
- Fernand Pouillon Bernard Felix Dubor September 1968 143Pages
- Trends of modern architecture Jurgen Joedicke 179 Pages
- the Modern Movement in architecture Charles Jencks July 1971 Pages 550
- Encarta 2005 - Images (google, yahoo)
- Gougle translate
- …

40. We hope that you enjoyed
our work.
ENGLISH PROJECT: APRIL/MAY 2014.