The document reviews the implementation of Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) systems in various cities, highlighting the importance of institutional and regulatory changes for success. It emphasizes that each city's BRT design must adapt to its unique cultural and contextual needs, with varying ridership and operational metrics. Key lessons include the necessity of strong leadership, community engagement, and flexible planning to address ongoing transport challenges.

2. BUS RAPID TRANSIT IN CHALLENGING ENVIRONMENTS Colin Brader Integrated Transport Planning Limited www.itpworld.net

3. BRT Review and Documentation Lagos - BRT-Lite (2008) Johannesburg - Rea Vaya (2009) Jakarta – Transjakarta (2004) Delhi (2008) } Anil Baijal Ahmedabad (2009) } Anil Baijal All operating BRT – therefore must be judged as successful! Each have involved significant institutional and regulatory change – cannot be underestimated All involve compromise Similar but subtly different objectives that defined design All are evolving to optimise and meet changing demands

4. BRT Concept A system based approach to bus based public transport BRT NOT a checklist definition but a spectrum Cultural and contextual definition IS required Reference: Characteristics of Bus Rapid Transit for Decision Making August 2004

5. Lagos BRT-Lite Single line Part of an evolving city wide transport plan Circa 170,000 people per day Approx. $1.4m per Km Speed approx. 13Km/hr Two more lines over next 2 years To improve travel conditions and provide efficiency in public transport delivery. With limited budget

6. Lagos BRT-Lite

7. Jakarta Transjakarta A BRT Network of 8 routes 123.35 Km Part of a integrated transport plan 80,000 Pax per day (Line 1) Approx. $1.4m per Km (initial) Speed approx. 15Km/hr To address increasing car ownership, manage congestion and offer safe and efficient public transport

8. Transjakarta

9. Johannesburg Rea Vaya First phase of BRT network Part of integrated transport plan 25.5Km 80,000 Pax per day $8-10m per Km Speed approx. 28 Km/hr High levels of accessibility Address inequalities, give confidence in the city and provide safe and efficient passage for users, meeting growth and development needs

10. Rea Vaya “We are Going”

11. Ahmedabad & Delhi Ahmedabad Delhi Length (2010) 40Km 5.8Km Daily ridership 110,000 85,000 Speed 25 Km/hr 18 Km/hr System Closed Open

12. Physical Definition Bilateral - Lagos Service roads Ease of implementation Maintenance of capacity Market segmentation All median except Lagos!

13. Compromise Not ideal – but it works or can be made to work Johannesburg Lagos Jakarta

14. Service Planning Direct (complimentary) services – Jo’burg, Delhi Overlapping Services – Jakarta Trunk – Feeder with intention for direct – Lagos Ahmedabad

15. Operator Engagement Move towards organised provision Desire/need to include operators Compensation and concession Economically sub optimal – but delivered Sustainability? Who has control?

16. Selling the System – all about people! Create a ‘peoples project’ - Lagos Wider societal objectives – Jo’burg Anti congestion pro growth – Jakarta Little engagement - Delhi

17. Political Champions Strong will (Mayor Masondo and MMC Moosajee) Challenge to doubters (Sutiyosa) Span elections (Tinubu, Fashola and LAMATA) Leading reform (Chief Minister Modi)

18. Delivery Entities Rea Vaya City of Jo’burg Transjakarta Province of Jakarta LAMATA Lagos State Govt Janmarg SPV Govt of Gujarat & Ahmedabad authorities Issues Political influence System coordination Potential private involvement

19. Lessons Learn from elsewhere but don’t be constrained All are part of a wider plan and swiftly implemented Strong leadership and commitment is crucial Emphasis upon delivery – what’s really needed not necessarily what is desired Acceptance of compromise ONLY if its impact is known and not prejudicial Careful planning is required Demand User needs Service planning Consultation and engagement Engagement of existing operators will result in concessions BUT plan a way out Consider cost plus contracts?

20. Lessons Recognising need for continual improvement Accepting that mistakes are part of achievement Many essential lessons for future implementation Failure is to be found in cities that have problems and no solution