Ronan Kearns, a senior transport planner, presented information that clients need to know about transportation planning. The presentation covered 5 key areas: feasibility, engineering, need for a transportation impact assessment (TIA), scoping a TIA, and conducting a TIA. It provided details on parking and sight line standards, road specifications, when a TIA is required based on traffic increases, and the typical process and cost of conducting a TIA. The goal was to enable advising existing and prospective clients on transportation issues related to development.

1. Transportation Planning
5 Key Things Our Clients Need to Know
Presented by Ronan Kearns, B.A, B.A.I, MSc, CEng MIEI
Senior Transport Planner, Dublin
ronan.k@adviceyoucanbuildon.com

2. Purpose of Presentation
 Understand what our Clients need to know
 Be able to offer high level advice to existing/prospective clients
in the area of roads and transportation
 Give advice on costs and programme for completion of a TIA

3. Presentation outline
1. Feasibility
2. Engineering
3. Need
4. Scoping
5. TIA

4. Presentation outline
1. Feasibility
2. Engineering
3. Need
4. Scoping
5. TIA

5. Feasibility
 Having Pinnacle onboard at an early stage results in:
 Reduced design period
 Reduced costs as less iterations are involved
 Designs conform more readily to engineering design
standards
 Pinnacle can offer design advice on the following:
 Road layouts including junction radii, turning circles and
sight line provision, etc;
 Parking layout
 Identification of issues likely to have an impact on budget
and/or costs;
 Investigate the feasibility of several options in parallel with
the design team

6. Feasibility
Common issues to look out for
Has the minimum
car parking
dimensions been
catered for?
In the case of a commercial/retail
development the number of
disabled spaces to be provided
ranges from 4-10% of total spaces.
A similar amount is provided for
“mother & baby” spaces

7. Feasibility
Common issues to look out for
Has the 6.0m
carriageway been
provided?
Anything less will
result in
difficulties for
vehicles to
access the
spaces safely.
Angled parking should
only be used in
situations were a two-
way system would
reduce parking
numbers

8. Feasibility
Common roads input advice
Vehicle Radius Road Max. Gully Road Max. Length
Type (m) Width Spacing Category of straight
(m) (m) section of
Private 6
road
Car
Shared 40m
Fire 9 5.5-6.5 55 Surface
Engine
7.5 50 Cul-de-sac 60m
Refuse 10
Vehicle Access (<50 60m
9.0 40
houses)
Furniture 11
Removal 10.0 35 Access (>50 100m
houses)
For junctions on to highway
min radius should be 10m In order to prevent speeding the
For internal estate roads length of straight road should be
this can be relaxed to 6m minimised with either horizontal or
vertical deflection

9. Feasibility
Sight Lines
Major Road Type Major Road X (m) Y (m) Y (m)
Speed (mph) (Excluding (Including
bonnet bonnet
allowance) allowance)
Secondary 40 4.5 66 66
Distributor
Local Distributor 30 4.5 43 43
Major Access 25 2.4 31 33
Road
Minor Access 30 2.4 22 25
Road
Shared Surface 10 2.4 9 11
Road
Industrial Road 25 4.5 50 50

10. Feasibility
Parking Standards
Residential Cycle parking Car Parking Servicing
Dwellings standards (minimum) Standards Requirements
(Use Class C3) (maximum)
Norwich (Link) One covered and secure cycle 1 and 2 bed units: 1 space per dwelling Access for emergency services,
storage space or shed per dwelling. 3+ bed units: 2 spaces per dwelling. removal lorries, refuse vehicles
On average, developments should will be necessary.
Cycle parking for visitors is required average 1.5 parking spaces per unit or
in the vicinity. fewer.
Herefordshire – One l/t space provided per dwelling 1 bed: 0.75 space per dwelling Access for emergency services,
if no storage or shed is provided 2 bed: 1 space per dwelling removal lorries, refuse vehicles
Welwyn
3 bed: 1.5 spaces per dwelling will be necessary.
Hatfield (Zone 4 or more: 2 spaces per dwelling
1 & 2) (Link)
Wiltshire Not available 1 bed:1space per dwelling Access for emergency services,
2-3 bed: 2 space per dwelling removal lorries, refuse vehicles
Council (Link)
4 or more: 3 spaces per dwelling will be necessary.
Visitor spaces: 0.2 per dwelling
(unallocated)
Greater 1 space per 20 dwellings (minimum 1 bed:1space per dwelling Access for emergency services,
of 2) 2-3 bed: 2 space per dwelling removal lorries, refuse vehicles
Manchester –
4 or more: 3 spaces per dwelling will be necessary.
Trafford
Council (Area
B) (Link)

11. Presentation outline
1. Feasibility
2. Engineering
3. Need
4. Scoping
5. TIA

12. Engineering
 Clients need to be aware of the following when considering
engineering specifications and/or costs:
 Section 278 Agreement (Section 278 of the Highways Act 1980)
(Link) – Need to carry out works to the public highway
 Section 38 Agreements (Section 38 of the Highways Act 1980) (Link)
– Needed for development roads to be adopted
 Section 104 Agreements (Water Industry Act 1991)- Needs to
completed before a Section 38 Agreement

13. Engineering
 Clients need to be aware of the following when considering
engineering specifications and/or costs:
 Section 278 Agreement (Section 278 of the Highways Act 1980)
(Link) – Need to carry out works to the public highway
 Section 38 Agreements (Section 38 of the Highways Act 1980) (Link)
– Needed for development roads to be adopted
 Section 104 Agreements (Water Industry Act 1991)- Needs to
completed before a Section 38 Agreement
A Typical Adoptable Highways Specification
Traffic Loading – 2-5 msa
•Local Distributor Road
•Residential Street
•Estate Road
Layer Depth Material
Surface Course 40mm HRA 35/14 F surf 40/60, CL 911
Binder Course 60mm AC20 HDM bin 40/60 des, CL 929
Base 140mm AC32 HDM bin 40/60 des, CL 929
Foundation 420mm Type 1 unbound mixture, CL 803
660mm

14. Presentation outline
1. Feasibility
2. Engineering
3. Need
4. Scoping
5. TIA

15. Need
 A TIA is generally required where either of the following conditions
are met:
 Traffic to and from the development exceeds 10% of the two-
way traffic flow on the adjoining highway.
 Traffic to and from the development exceeds 5% of the two-
way traffic flow on the adjoining highway, where traffic
congestion exists or will exist during the assessment period.
 To quickly assess the need assume the following:
 35% of dwellings will have a peak period arrival/departure i.e.
for every 100 dwellings there will be 35 AM departures and 35
PM arrivals
 A two way-way traffic flow of 2100
 Calculate the % change and double it

16. Presentation outline
1. Feasibility
2. Engineering
3. Need
4. Scoping
5. TIA

17. Scoping
 Scoping carried out with developer & highway authority to agree
key aspects of the project that the TIA should address. This would
include
 Data to be collected (traffic counts, speed
surveys, pedestrian surveys etc)
 The areas of analysis (minimum development access on to
highway; consider also other key local junctions with known
issues)
 TIA methodology (imperial for “typical” developments, micro-
simulation for developments with multi modal impacts)
 Pinnacle‟s input to scoping:
 Identification of areas of analysis
 Pre planning meeting with highway authority
 Commission traffic counts (Costs vary depending on
complexity - £1000 upwards)

18. Scoping
Typical scoping drawing

19. Scoping
Traffic Counts
 Pinnacle has long established relationships with various traffic
survey companies. We can recommend the following survey
companies:
 Count On Us
 Traffic Wise - Fraser Menzies
 Traffic Watch – Amanda Work

20. Scoping
Traffic Counts
 Pinnacle has long established relationships with various traffic
survey companies. We can recommend the following survey
companies:
 Count On Us
 Traffic Wise - Fraser Menzies
 Traffic Watch – Amanda Work

21. Presentation outline
1. Feasibility
2. Engineering
3. Need
4. Scoping
5. TIA

22. TIA
 The TIA „process‟ consist of 3 fundamental steps:
 The determination of the need for a TIA
 The scope of the TIA
 The preparation of the TIA itself
 A TIA is generally required where either of the following conditions
are met:
 Traffic to and from the development exceeds 10% of the two-
way traffic flow on the adjoining highway.
 Traffic to and from the development exceeds 5% of the two-
way traffic flow on the adjoining highway, where traffic
congestion exists or will exist during the assessment period.

23. TIA
Structure
 The format of the TIA depends on the complexity and size of the
proposal, any Local Authority requirements and the type of
permission sought.
 Disabilities/Public Transport)

24. TIA
Structure
 The format of the TIA depends on the complexity and size of the
proposal, any Local Authority requirements and the type of
permission sought.
 Disabilities/Public Transport)

25. TIA
Structure
 The format of the TIA depends on the complexity and size of the
proposal, any Local Authority requirements and the type of
permission sought.
 Disabilities/Public Transport)
Receiving Environed Development Characteristics Highways Impact
Purpose Describes the existing conditions, both Describe and quantify the resulting traffic Determine the likely opening year
in quantitative terms and subjective generated from the proposed development. of the development and the design
descriptions Assessment of modal split and trip horizon.
assignment onto public highway.
Application of network traffic
growth factors to traffic surveys for
the opening year and design year.
Traffic assessments on key links
and junctions within the study area
to indentify reserve capacity and
queue length thus determining the
impact the development has on the
surrounding road network
Information Traffic Surveys; Local public transport Local planning standards; Local area plans; Assignment flow diagrams. Access
information, Topographical survey of Planning history; Frozen schedule of to relevant computer software
required
local highway ; accommodation; Frozen road layouts; TRICS packages.
Database

26. TIA
Analysis
 Highways Impact
 Determination of the impact the development will have on the
local highways network using the following:
 OSCADY
 ARCADY
 PICADY
 LinSig
 AutoTrack

OSCADY (Isolated Signalised Junctions)
ARCADY (Roundabouts)

27. TIA
Analysis
LinSig(Multi Location Signalised Junctions)
PICADY(Priority Junctions
AutoTrack (Swept Path Analysis

28. TIA
Analysis
 We also have access to more sophisticated computer software
programmes such as:
 VISSIM
 VISSUM
 COBA
 SATURN
VISSIM (MicroSimulation)
VISSUM (MacroSimulation)

29. TIA
Costs
Number of Units Complexity Time to Complete Costs
50 Low; Junctions to be analyzed readily 4-5 days after receipt of frozen Up to £5,000 to include:
known and close to site access accommodation schedule and drawings •Scoping discussions
•Drafting & geometric design of
internal layout
•Junction assessment and report
150 Low to medium; Junctions to be 7-10 days after receipt of frozen Up to £8,000 to include:
analyzed readily know and close to site accommodation schedule and drawings •Scoping discussions
access. In congested areas highway •Drafting & geometric design of
authority to be consulted. internal layout
•Junction assessment and report
300 Medium; Pre-planning consultation Once pre planning meeting has taken place, €10,000 -£12,000 to include:
with high authority with highway up to 15 days after receipt of traffic surveys •Scoping discussions
authority to confirm scope of report and/or frozen accommodation schedule and •Drafting & geometric design of
drawings internal layout
•Junction assessment and report
500 High; Scoping of project of critical Once pre planning meeting has taken place, Up to £15,000 to include:
importance. Pre-planning consultation up to 15-20 days after receipt of traffic •Scoping discussions
with high authority a must surveys and/or frozen accommodation •Drafting & geometric design of
schedule and drawings internal layout
•Junction assessment and report
Please Note:
1. It is assumed that the development meets with relevant local guidelines and that on three/four junctions in the immediate vicinity will need to be analysed, should
further assessment or detailed micro simulation be required this will be subject to additional fees.
2. All drawings to be passed on to us in a frozen state. Any changes that require updating of our drawings/analysis will be subject to additional fees.
3. Additional meetings to be charged at agreed hourly rate and to include travel expenses.
4. Progress will be via E-Mail or Telephone discussion.
5. Traffic surveys to be invoiced to client

30. Thank you
Email:
ronan.k@adviceyoucanbuildon.com