1. Improving Bus Services in Jakarta:
Issues and Priorities
Richard Iles

2. 2
Focus of TransJakarta Improvement Program
Sub-Activity B
• Assistance to Dishub in improving bus services in Jakarta,
excluding BRT services operated by TransJakarta
– this is the focus of Sub-Activity A
• Sub-Activity B complements Sub-Activity A and focuses mainly
on:
– large buses (but not BRT)
– medium-sized buses
– angkots or mikrolets
• But there are some areas of commonality including
– ticketing
– information
– integration and complementarity with BRT and other modes (MRT,
taxis, bajajs, ojeks)
• This workshop is concerned mainly with non-BRT buses, but
some topics will cover the broader public transport spectrum

3. 3
The Scale of the Problem
•In 2002 there were 37 million person trips per
day in Greater Jakarta :
 40% of all trips were on foot or by non-motorised means
 and of the 60% of motorised trips:
 50% were by bus, minibus, etc
 25% were by car, taxi, etc
 25% were by motor-cycle
By 2011/12 it was evident that:
 Total number of trips had increased substantially
 Number of car & m/cycle trips had increased dramatically –
especially motor-cycles
 Number of bus trips had remained constant

4. 4
Growth in Registered Vehicles in Jakarta
1975-2008

5. 5
Mode Change – 2002-2010
• Significant growth in motor-cycle use
• Corresponding decline in % bus usage
• The figures for GREATER Jakarta are:

6. 6
Growth in Passenger Movement
(Greater Jakarta - 2002-2012)

7. 7
Key statistics

8. 8
Total Person Trips within DKI Jakarta
Within DKI Cross
Border
Total
Public
Transport
4,823,000
26%
1,724,000
24%
6,547,000
25%
Motor Cycle 9,613,000
51%
3,490,000
49%
13,103,000
51%
Car 4,338,000
23%
1,861,000
26%
6,199,000
24%
Total 18,775,000 7,075,000 25,850,000
• in 2012, there were almost 26 million person trips per day
with DKI Jakarta area (including cross-border)
• Approximately half were by motorcycle, with a further 25%
each by PT and car

9. 9

10. 10
Public Transport – Passenger Numbers
• There were around 4.8 million daily public transport trips
in DKI Jakarta in 2012
• Of these, the BRT system carried 350,000 passengers – or
around 7% of the total
• The remaining 4.4 million trips used the other PT services
– including large buses, medium buses, angkots,
mikrolets, taxis, bajas & ojeks

11. 11
Deficiencies of the Existing non-BRT Bus
System
• Poor travelling conditions
• Inconvenient services
• Poor safety standards
• Contribution to congestion and pollution
– real or perceived
• Lack of information
• Difficult to regulate
• Unsustainable without substantial changes

12. 12
Public Transport as an Alternative to Private
Transport
• A stated Government objective
• PT must be attractive to car users and motorcyclists
– simply providing a service will not ensure that it will be used
• Must be easy to understand
• Must be convenient
– easily accessible
– seamless transfers
• Must be reliable
• Must be quick
– total journey times comparable with car/motorcycle
• Comfort standard must be acceptable
• Restriction of private transport use
– most car users will be reluctant to use PT, however good the
service

13. 13
Key Issues and Priorities
• Need for a coherent policy for public transport
• Reform of bus industry
• Rationalisation of bus fleet
• Rationalisation of route network
• Coordination/integration of services and modes
• Infrastructure development
• Fares
– levels
– structure
• Ticketing
• Information
• Enforcement

14. 14
Dishub’s Role
• Planning an adequate public transport system
• Securing delivery of all planned services
• Ensuring compliance with standards
• IndII can help