Brooding management of Chicks
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Early life of poultry bird is important. Efforts should be made to control the mortality of chicks due to heat stress, cold stress and coccidiosis.
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Brooding and management
This document discusses brooding management for raising baby chicks. It covers the objectives of brooding, types of brooders, preparing the brooding area, and the importance of environment control. Natural brooding involves using broody hens, while artificial brooding uses equipment like heat sources, reflectors, and guards. Different heating sources and brooder types are described. Optimal brooding temperatures and the importance of ventilation and humidity control are also outlined. Feeding, vaccination, and general chick care procedures during the brooding period are provided.
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Brooding and management
This document discusses brooding management for raising baby chicks. It covers the objectives of brooding, types of brooders, preparing the brooding area, and the importance of environment control. Natural brooding involves using broody hens, while artificial brooding uses equipment like heat sources, reflectors, and guards. Different heating sources and brooder types are described. Optimal brooding temperatures and the importance of ventilation and humidity control are also outlined. Feeding, vaccination, and general chick care procedures during the brooding period are provided.
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This document provides an overview of broiler management practices from receiving day-old chicks to harvest. It discusses pre-arrival management including housing preparation through disinfection. It emphasizes the importance of an all-in, all-out production system and details best practices for receiving chicks, maintaining optimal house environment, brooder management, nutrition, vaccination schedules, and carcass disposal. The goal of broiler management is to implement efficient practices that maximize production and profits while minimizing disease risks through the 8-week grow-out period.
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Chick embryo immediately after few of hatching – Poikilothermic
Adult birds are Homeotherms
Chicken are PRECOCIAL (Young ones are relatively mature and mobile from the moment of birth)
Young ones have hair (down feathers), open eyes, developed brain and capable of walking
Average body temperature of newly hatched chick – 103.5ºF
Adult chicken – 105-108ºF
BROODING EQUIPMENT
1. Brooder – Heat source (gas, coal, IR bulbs, incandescent bulbs, kerosene or electrical stove)
2. Reflectors – canopy or flat type
3. Brooder / chick guard - GI sheet or card board sheet or asbestos sheet of 1.5’ height and 5, diameter is sufficient for 200-250 chicks
DEEP LITTER BROODING
Materials required
Brooder guard or chick guard
Brooder (heat source) – gas or electric bulbs or coal
Litter or bedding material – 100 kg per 1000 Sq.Ft
Old newspapers
Chick waterers
Chick feeders or trays
Thermometer
Lights
Side curtains
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• Battery brooding cages with electrical bulbs
• Gas brooders/ room heaters
• Use of circulating fans to distribute the warm air
• Gas brooders can be hanged in between the cages at a height of 9’ from the floor level with 3-4’ distance b/w the brooders
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Temperature
Brooding is carried out 0-8 weeks in case of layers and 0-2 weeks in case of broiler birds. Heating is very much essential to provide right temperature in the brooder house. Too high or too low a temperature slows down growth and causes mortality. During the first week the temperature should be 95ºF (350 C), which may be reduced by 5º F per week during each successive week till 70ºF (21.10 C). The brooder should be switched on for at least 24 hours before the chicks arrive. Hanging of a maximum and minimum thermometer in each house is recommended to have a guide to control over the differences in the house temperature.
• 1st Week – 90-95º F
• 2nd week – 85-90º F
• 3rd week – 80-85º F
• 4th week - 75-80º F
• 5th week – 75º F
The behaviour of chicks provides better indication of whether they are getting the desired amount of heat.
When the temperature is less than required, the chicks try to get closer to the source of heat and huddle down under the brooder.
When the temperature is too high, the chicks will get away from the source of heat and may even pant or gasp.
When temperature is right, the chicks will be found evenly scattered.
Ventilation
• HDPE curtains should be hanged @ on the mesh
• Leaving one feet distance from the roof to provide cross ventilation
Humidity
Brooder house humidity ranges from 50-60 per cent. High humidity creates the problem of wet litter which leads to coccidiosis and low humidity causes dusty litter resulting in respiratory problems.
Lighting
• 0 - 14d – 24 hrs
• 3 - 5 wks – 22 hrs
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This document discusses brooding management for poultry. It begins by defining brooding as the special care and management of baby chicks until they no longer require artificial heat. It then describes the two main types of brooding systems: colony brooding which uses individual brooders, and continuous brooding which houses large numbers of chicks together. The document provides details on various brooding management factors like temperature, ventilation, feeding and sanitation that affect chick health and uniformity. It emphasizes the importance of correct brooding management practices for optimal growth and development of the chicks in the first critical weeks after hatching.
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This document provides an overview of broiler production, including definitions of broilers, advantages of broiler rearing, farm location and layout considerations, housing design and equipment, management practices at different growth stages, nutrition, vaccination, and performance metrics. Key points covered include broilers being chickens bred for meat production reaching slaughter weight in 4-7 weeks, low initial investment and quick returns being advantages, and housing, feeding, health and routine management being essential to optimize growth and efficiency.
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Systems of feeding poultry
The document discusses different systems for feeding poultry, including ad libitum feeding (free choice feeding), controlled feeding such as forced feeding, restricted feeding, and phase feeding. Restricted feeding involves limiting the amount of feed given to birds below their normal intake in order to control body weight and delay sexual maturity. Phase feeding involves changing the protein level of the laying hen diet during different phases of egg production to match their nutrient requirements.
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Reproductive system of hen
The female reproductive tract of chickens consists of a pair of ovaries and oviducts. The egg travels through the oviduct over approximately 22 hours, undergoing several modifications. It passes through the infundibulum, where it is engulfed. In the magnum, albumen is deposited on the egg. The isthmus adds two shell membranes. In the uterus or shell gland, calcite crystals are deposited to form the eggshell. A protective bloom coating is applied in the vagina before laying.
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This document discusses incubation, hatching, brooding, and the requirements for each process. It describes:
1) The two types of incubation - natural incubation using a broody hen or artificial incubation using an incubator. Requirements for each like temperature, humidity, ventilation and egg turning are explained.
2) The parts and functioning of an incubator including the setter and hatcher sections. Forced air and still air incubators are also defined.
3) Testing incubated eggs on days 5-7 and 17-18 using candling to remove infertile or dead embryos.
4) The definition and purpose of brooding young chicks. The types of brooding - natural using a hen or artificial using
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Brooding Management of domestic chicken.pptx
Art and science of rearing the newly hatched baby chicks
Care and management of young chicks for the first 3-5 weeks is called Brooding
Chick embryo immediately after few of hatching – Poikilothermic
Adult birds are Homeotherms
Chicken are PRECOCIAL (Young ones are relatively mature and mobile from the moment of birth)
Young ones have hair (down feathers), open eyes, developed brain and capable of walking
Average body temperature of newly hatched chick – 103.5ºF
Adult chicken – 105-108ºF
BROODING EQUIPMENT
1. Brooder – Heat source (gas, coal, IR bulbs, incandescent bulbs, kerosene or electrical stove)
2. Reflectors – canopy or flat type
3. Brooder / chick guard - GI sheet or card board sheet or asbestos sheet of 1.5’ height and 5, diameter is sufficient for 200-250 chicks
DEEP LITTER BROODING
Materials required
Brooder guard or chick guard
Brooder (heat source) – gas or electric bulbs or coal
Litter or bedding material – 100 kg per 1000 Sq.Ft
Old newspapers
Chick waterers
Chick feeders or trays
Thermometer
Lights
Side curtains
CAGE BROODING
• Battery brooding cages with electrical bulbs
• Gas brooders/ room heaters
• Use of circulating fans to distribute the warm air
• Gas brooders can be hanged in between the cages at a height of 9’ from the floor level with 3-4’ distance b/w the brooders
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Temperature
Brooding is carried out 0-8 weeks in case of layers and 0-2 weeks in case of broiler birds. Heating is very much essential to provide right temperature in the brooder house. Too high or too low a temperature slows down growth and causes mortality. During the first week the temperature should be 95ºF (350 C), which may be reduced by 5º F per week during each successive week till 70ºF (21.10 C). The brooder should be switched on for at least 24 hours before the chicks arrive. Hanging of a maximum and minimum thermometer in each house is recommended to have a guide to control over the differences in the house temperature.
• 1st Week – 90-95º F
• 2nd week – 85-90º F
• 3rd week – 80-85º F
• 4th week - 75-80º F
• 5th week – 75º F
The behaviour of chicks provides better indication of whether they are getting the desired amount of heat.
When the temperature is less than required, the chicks try to get closer to the source of heat and huddle down under the brooder.
When the temperature is too high, the chicks will get away from the source of heat and may even pant or gasp.
When temperature is right, the chicks will be found evenly scattered.
Ventilation
• HDPE curtains should be hanged @ on the mesh
• Leaving one feet distance from the roof to provide cross ventilation
Humidity
Brooder house humidity ranges from 50-60 per cent. High humidity creates the problem of wet litter which leads to coccidiosis and low humidity causes dusty litter resulting in respiratory problems.
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• 0 - 14d – 24 hrs
• 3 - 5 wks – 22 hrs
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- Chicks require a minimum of 40-50g of feed per chick that is between 2-3mm in size for optimal eating.
- Lighting should be at least 10ft above the chicks and provide a minimum intensity of 20 lux for the first 3 days to help them locate feed and water. A dark period of at least 4 hours per 24 hours is needed after 5 days.
- Optimal air temperature is 30 degrees Celsius, litter temperature is 28-30 degrees, and relative humidity is 50-70%. Proper climate control is important for broiler health and growth.
Brooding period management
This document discusses management of brooding chicks in hot climates. It covers types of brooding including natural brooding with broody hens and artificial brooding using brooders. It describes brooder set up including heating sources, reflectors, and brooder guards. It provides temperature management guidelines for brooding chicks and discusses signs of heat stress in birds. It concludes with recommendations for combating heat stress through improved housing, water, feed, and general management practices.
Brooding period management
This document discusses management of brooding chicks in hot climates. It covers the types of brooding including natural brooding with hens and artificial brooding using brooders. Different types of brooders like gas, electric, and coal brooders are described. The document provides guidance on preparing the shed to receive chicks, including setting up brooder guards and maintaining optimal brooding temperatures. Signs of heat stress in birds and management strategies to combat heat stress like increased ventilation, water management, and feed management are also summarized.
Production Systems for broiler and laying hen (1).pptx
This document discusses different housing systems for broiler and laying hens. It describes free-range, semi-intensive, and intensive systems. The intensive systems discussed are battery cages and deep litter systems. Battery cages confine hens to small individual cages while deep litter systems house multiple hens on a floor covered with 8-12 inches of litter material. The document outlines the advantages of each system and notes deep litter provides insulation, allows manure build-up for fertilizer, and supplies some food for the hens from microbial activity in the litter.
Pet birds management
This document provides information on keeping pet birds. It discusses the history of pet birds, popular pet bird species like parakeets, finches and parrots, and their care requirements. Some key points covered include:
- Egyptians were the first to keep pet birds over 3500 years ago. Alexander's army brought back ring-necked and Alexandrine parakeets to Europe.
- Popular pet birds include parakeets, budgerigars, finches, cockatiels and parrots.
- Proper care involves providing a sufficiently sized cage, clean food and water, regular bathing/misting, nail and feather trimming, perches, and toys. Sanitation and preventing drafts
Duck rearing
Duck farming is an important part of the poultry industry in India, accounting for about 10% of the total poultry population. Major duck breeds farmed in India include Khaki Campbell, White Pekin, Indian Runner, and indigenous breeds. Ducks are hardy birds that can supplement their diet through foraging. They are well-suited to integrated farming systems. Common diseases include Duck Plague virus, Duck Virus Hepatitis, Salmonellosis, and Pasteurellosis. Vaccination and proper hygiene are important for disease control.
final poultry (1) [Autosaved].pptx
Poultry Housing System FOR BETTER FARMING OF POULTRY AND APPLICATION OF UV LIGHT AND ENZYME TECHNOLOGY FOR POULTRY PRODUCTION
10. Poultry Management.pptx
This document discusses poultry management. It provides information on poultry production in India, including that India ranks 5th globally in egg production and 2nd in Tamil Nadu. It also discusses poultry breeds, classification of poultry, egg science and technology, incubation and hatching processes, brooding of chicks, and management practices for growers and layers. Key aspects of poultry farm layout and the importance of biosecurity are also covered.
1588245322-10-broiler-and-layer-management.pptx
This document provides information on broiler and layer management. It discusses the key phases of growth for broilers and layers, important commercial strains, nutritional and housing requirements, disease prevention through vaccination, and record keeping. For broilers, it outlines management practices for the starter, finisher, and withdrawal diet phases. For layers, it describes housing, lighting schedules for in-season and out-season pullets, and vaccination schedules. Record keeping is important for both to track performance metrics.
duck lmtc kannur.pptx
Duck farming is an important part of the poultry industry in India, accounting for about 10% of the total poultry population. Ducks are prolific layers, producing 15-20 more eggs than backyard chickens on average. They are also hardy birds that can supplement their diet through foraging, reducing feed costs. Major duck breeds farmed in India include Khaki Campbell, White Pekin, Indian Runner, and Muscovy ducks. Ducks can be reared extensively or semi-intensively and provide both eggs and meat. Proper housing, feeding, and disease prevention are important for successful duck farming.
Basic Brooding house management
This document discusses brooding management for chicks in their first week of life. It covers the aims of brooding including maintaining body temperature and growth. Natural and artificial brooding systems are described. Quality chick requirements like activity level and weight are outlined. Pre-brooding preparation and requirements during brooding like temperature, lighting, feeders and drinkers are also reviewed. Litter management and a sample medication program are provided. The key goals of brooding success by 7 days are less than 0.5% mortality and 4.5 times the initial chick weight.
Practices related to brooding.pptx
Brooding involves rearing baby chicks and requires careful management of temperature, ventilation, water quality, feed availability, and lighting. There are two types of brooding: natural brooding uses broody hens while artificial brooding uses specialized equipment like infrared bulbs, gas or electric brooders, and battery cages. Proper brooding management is essential for chick health, growth, and survival into later life.
Meagan Roberts "Pickin The Right Chicken" SSAWG2018
This document provides information on housing, processing, and marketing poultry cooperatively. It discusses artificial brooding methods for chicks, including box brooders, area brooders, and hover brooders. Recommendations are given for space, heat, bedding, ventilation, and feeding requirements for chicks. Housing guidelines are outlined for adult chickens, including proper space, roosts, ranges, yards, and free range options. The document also covers sanitary processing practices and required equipment for killing, scalding, plucking, evisceration, and chilling birds. Finally, it discusses models for cooperative chick, meat, and egg sales through coordinated production and marketing.
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Production Systems for broiler and laying hen (1).pptx
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Vaccination is a preventive measure for controlling the disease outbreak. To be the vaccination a successful one, the components of vaccination program should be strictly followed. Vaccination aid is not available for all the diseases, rather for the disease which is contagious and causes a havoc
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This document summarizes several common breeds of ducks. It divides ducks into meat, egg, and ornamental types and describes the key characteristics of popular breeds like Pekin, Aylesbury, Muscovy, Rouen, Cayuga, Khaki Campbell, Indian Runner, and some ornamental and Indian breeds. The Pekin is one of the most popular breeds worldwide, originating from China. It is efficient and lays around 160 eggs. The Muscovy is native to South America and males are twice the female size and have distinctive knobs on their heads. Indian Runner ducks come in white, fawn, and penciled varieties and can lay up to 250 eggs while foraging outside all day
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For better poultry farming, cognizance about different breeds should be important. To go either layer or broiler farming, breeds are the considerable factors. All are differentiated in terms of their geographical distribution, utility, colour etc.
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Housing of wild animals is as essential as that of livestock species. The matter is so deepening in terms of its conservation especially in the context of India
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Brooding management of Chicks
- 1. Dr. Rameswar Panda Teaching Assistant Dept. of LPM College of Veterinary Science, Hyderabad
- 2. INTRODUCTION • Brooding is art and science of rearing chicks up to the age of 3- 5wks. • To Prevent cold shock. • Hypothalamus is not well developed. • 2 systems of brooding. 1. Hot room brooding- central heating device is used. 2. Cold room brooding- heating the area only under brooder canopy. Used mostly in tropical countries for both layers and broilers
- 3. CANOPY BROODING • Use of Incandescent light. • Hover made up off metal of bamboo basket • 1-2 watt/chick light requirement • A metal hoover or bamboo basket of diameter 90 cm for 250 chicks. • Brooder/chick guard- height 30 cm • Encircles the hover at a distance of 30-60 cm. • Chick guard- GI pipe or metal
- 4. Contd…. • Circles enlarged at 2nd week. • During 2nd week, chick guard is replaced to corner of the pen. • By 3rd week, it is removed entirely.
- 5. INFRARED BROODING • 150 and 250 watt infrared bulbs are available for 100- 250 chicks. • The infrared bulb should be hung 25-30 cm above the litter floor. • Infrared light has germicidal effect. • Infrared light helps in the synthesis of Vit-D. • It reduces cannibalism.
- 6. BATTERY BROODING • More than 60% of all commercial layers are brooded and reared in cages. • Coccidiosis is less frequent. • It consists of 4-5 batteries each having a heating space comprising 1/4th of total area.
- 7. • The heating unit has electric heater having a thermostat. • For the first 3 days paper is spread on the mesh flooring.
- 8. BROODING BY THE USE OF LPG GAS
- 10. • Flat hover/Reflector- • Canopy type hover`
- 11. BROODER/CHICK GUARD • 5 feet diameter chick guard should be used. • Height of the brooder should not be more than 1.5feet.
- 12. PREPARATION OF BROODER HOUSE • 3-4 weeks interval should be given between two successive batches. • 5 feet diameter chick guard can accommodate 200-250 chicks. • Litter material should be spread about 2’’ height.
- 13. Contd…. • Feeder and waterer should be arranged alternatively like cartwheel manner. • The brooder heating source should be switched on several hours before the arrival of chicks • Ground maize should be spread over the old news paper for 1 to 2 days
- 14. Contd…. • Electrolyte solution, glucose and vitamin in the drinking water is provided for first 2- 3 days. • Brooder temperature 90-95 F is maintained in first week and decreases 5 F per every week until the room temperature
- 16. • Old news paper should be removed after 3 days of brooding. • 24 hr light for 0-8 wks.
- 17. first and second day 3rd to 7th day
- 18. LOCATION OF BROODER HOUSE Distance between brooder house and other poultry houses should not be more than 100 m.
- 19. ALL-IN-ALL-OUT SYSTEM OF REARING • All the chicks should be in same age groups. • The age difference between the oldest and youngest ones should not more than 7days.
- 20. • Washing of the brooding cage
- 21. Feeding space • 2.5cm/chick- 0 to 2 wks • 4.5cm/chick- 2 to 6 wks Watering space • 0.6cm/chick- 0 to 2 wks • 1.3cm/chick- 2 to 6 wks
- 22. • Concentration Should not be more than 0.01%
- 23. VENTILATION
- 24. • Hover space requirement is 45-60 square cm per chick
- 25. • Up to 8 wks, floor space requirement in layer chicks is 700 square cm.
- 26. DEBEAKING • Done in chicks at the age of 1 day to 6 wks. • Repeated again at about 16 wks of age. • Upper mandible beak to be cut at about 1/3rd distance
- 27. DUBBING • Removal of comb • Done in day old chicks. • Done in breeds having larger combs.
- 28. VACCINATION STRESS • Feed intake decreases. • Increase the brooding temperature to keep comfortable
- 29. COCCIDIOSIS • Affects mostly younger birds. • Coccidiostat to be added in the feed.
- 30. UNABSORBED YOLK SAC • Feeding immediately after hatching causes this condition. • The presence of yolk during the first 14 days should not be considered as importance. • Overheating can be problem for lower yolk absorption.
- 31. HEAT STRESS COLD STRESS
- 32. CHICK MORTALITY More pronounced in first week.