This document discusses management of brooding chicks in hot climates. It covers types of brooding including natural brooding with broody hens and artificial brooding using brooders. It describes brooder set up including heating sources, reflectors, and brooder guards. It provides temperature management guidelines for brooding chicks and discusses signs of heat stress in birds. It concludes with recommendations for combating heat stress through improved housing, water, feed, and general management practices.

1. BROODING PERIOD
MANAGEMENT IN HOT CLIMATE
Presentation By:
Dr. Abdullah Al Mamun
Designation: MT-Sales
Kazi Farms Group
ID. No. 1940602

2. objectives
1. Brooding
2. Types of brooders
3. Preparation of shed to receive chicks
4. Importance of environment
5. Feeding
6. Signs heat stressed birds
7. Management during Hot climate

3.  Brooding is a art and science of rearing baby chicks
 Newly hatched chicks not fully developed
thermoregulatory mechanism
 Takes about 2wks to develop
 They cannot maintain the body temperature
properly for the first few weeks of life
What is Brooding

4.  Brooding can be classified into natural and
artificial brooding.
 Natural brooding
 Artificial brooding
Types of brooding

5. Natural brooding
O It is done with the help of broody hens
after hatching, up to 3 to 4 weeks of age

6. Artificial Brooding
 In artificial brooding large number of baby chicks are
reared in the absence of broody hen.
 Equipment are used for brooding are called brooders.
Brooder comprises of three elements:
 Heating source
 Reflectors
 Brooder guard

7.  Heating source may be electrical, gases like natural
gas, LPG and methane, liquid fuel like kerosene
and solid fuel like coal, wood can be used as a
heating material.

8. DIFFERENT TYPES OF
BROODERS
1. Infra red bulbs
2. Heating coils
3. Gas brooders
4. Kerosene stove
5. Coal/charcoal stove
6. Battery brooders
7. Biogas brooders

9. Gas brooder
 Natural gas, LPG or methane is connected to heating
element which is hanged 3 to 5 feet above the chick to
provide heat.

10. Electrical brooder
O It is also thermostatically controlled heating
system that spread required amount of heat
uniformly above large area, this avoid crowding
of chicks under brooder directly.
O One electrical brooder can be used for 300 to
400 chicks.

11. Brooder guard / chickguard
 They are used to prevent chicks from straying too far away from
heat supply until they learn the source of heat.
 We have to provide brooder guard with a diameter of 5 feet, height
of the brooder should not exceed 1.5 feet.
 For this purpose, we can use materials like cardboard sheet, GI
sheet, wire mesh, and mat etc. depending upon the season of
brooding
HOVER
CHICK GUARD

12. RECEIVING OF CHICKS
 After taking out the previous adult birds, clean and disinfect the poultry
house.
 15-20 days interval may be provided between 2 batches as down time.
 Form a circle of about 5 feet diameter with brooder guard. The 5
feet diameter brooder can hold about 200 to 250 chicks.
 Spread litter material about 2” height in a circle and then spread old
newspaper over the litter material.
 Arrange feeders and waterers alternatively
 Check the brooder for proper temperature 24 hours prior to arrival of chicks.
 Switch on the brooder heating source several hours before the arrival of the
chicks in order to maintain required brooding temperature
 Provide electrolyte, glucose and vitamins in the drinking water for first 2
to 3 days to overcome stress.
 Maintain a brooder temperature of 90 to 950F for the first week and then
reduce 50F every week until it reachesthe room temperature.
 Watch the behavior of chicks in order to find out whether temperature
provided is correct or less ormore.

13. Temperature Management
Age Brooding Temperature
(°C)
Room
Temperature
Relative
humidity
(days) At the edge
of the
brooder
At 2-3m
from the
brooders
Optimum-
Maximum
In%
0-3 35 29-28 33-31 55-60
4-7 34 28-27 32-31 55-60
8-14 32 27-26 30-28 55-60
15-21 29 26-25 28-26 55-60
22-24 25-23 25-23 55-65
25-28 23-21 23-21 55-65
29-35 21-19 21-19 60-70
After
35
19-17 19-17 60-70

14. Too draftyToo cold
Too hotJust right

15.  Remove the old newspaper after 3 days and destroy it by burning.
If necessary, spread another set of newspaper.
 Remove brooder guard after 7 to 10 days depending upon the
season.
 While removing the brooder guard, see that the corners of the
sheds are rounded in order to avoid mortality due to huddling.
 Required to provide fresh air removing gases like carbon di oxide
and Ammonia for healthy respiration
 Opening and covering ofcurtains need to be done correctly
depending on weather condition
 Change the feeders and waterers according to age and
requirement.
 24 hours lighting programme may be adopted during 0-8 days
of age.
 One hour darkness may be provided to train the chicks in case of
any power failure
Important notes

16. Uniform position of chicks Close to heat source
Due to low heat
Heat is not uniformly distributed

17. A good example of how to set up feed and
water in your brooder

18. Signs heat stressed birds
Clinical Sign
 Panting/rapid respiration
 More intake of water
 Reduced appetite.
 Reduction of egg production
 Poor egg shell quality
 Less body weight gain in
broilers
 Reduced feed efficiency
 Increase in body temperature
 Death
Post Mortem Lesions :
 Dehydrated carcass
 Mucoid exudates in mouth and
nostrils
 Pale/cyanotic combs
 Pale breast muscles
 Congestion of liver, spleen,
kidney and lungs.
 Fluid contents in intestines.
 Rapid decomposition of carcass

20. Ambient
Temperature (F)
Signs of Heat Stress
55-75 Birds do not meed to alter behavior to maintain body temperature
65-75 Ideal temperature range
75-85
Slight reduction in feed consumption
Egg size may be reduced and shell quality may suffer as temperatures
reach the top of this range
85-90
Greater Reduction in feed consumption
Egg size and shell quality deteriorate
Egg production suffers
90-95
Feed consumption continues to decrease
Danger of heat exhaustion in layers and heavier birds
Cooling management practices are necessary
95-100
Heat exhaustion is likely
Emergency measures may be necessary
Egg production and feed consumption are greatly decreased
Water consumption is high
over 100
Survival is a concern
Monitor birds regularly

21. How to combat heat stress
Housing
Management
 Increased air movement over the birds by cooler fans/exhaust to produce a
wind chill effect which will cool birds even without drop in the house
temperature.
Water
Management
 Supply of plenty of clean and cool water (60-70oF) must be ensured during
summer months.
 Use electrolytes in water to control infections through water.
 Cover water tanks with wet gunny bags to avoid direct exposure to sun.
 Increase number of waterers by 25%.
 Increase frequency of watering.
Feed Management  During summer consumption of feed by birds is reduced considerably leading to
reduced body weight, egg production and shell quality.
 Increase the frequency of feeding.
 Do not offer feed during day time in broilers.
 Vitamin C is necessary to maintain integrity of blood vessels.
General
Management
 Litter preferably fresh litter of 2 inches thickness with racking or stirring of litter
2-3 times a day during cool hours is recommended.
 10% extra floor space should be provided in summer.
 Overcrowding of birds should be avoided.
 Provide proper cross ventilation.
 Fans (pedestal, ceiling or exhaust) may be fitted in sheds.