This document discusses different housing systems for broiler and laying hens. It describes free-range, semi-intensive, and intensive systems. The intensive systems discussed are battery cages and deep litter systems. Battery cages confine hens to small individual cages while deep litter systems house multiple hens on a floor covered with 8-12 inches of litter material. The document outlines the advantages of each system and notes deep litter provides insulation, allows manure build-up for fertilizer, and supplies some food for the hens from microbial activity in the litter.

1. PRODUCTION SYSTEMS
FOR BROILER AND
LAYING HENS

2. LEARNING OUTCOMES
• Purpose of housing
• Different housing systems
• Advantages and Disadvantages of every
system

3. TYPE OF HOUSING DEPENDS ON:
• Ground
• Capital

4. TYPES OF POULTRY HOUSING
• Free – range or extensive system
• Semi - intensive system
• Intensive system
1. Battery system
2. Deep litter system

5. FREE-RANGE OR
EXTENSIVE SYSTEM

6. SEMI - INTENSIVE
SYSTEM

7. BATTERY SYSTEM

10. DEEP LITTER SYSTEM

12. PURPOSE OF HOUSING
• Provide warmth during cold weather
• Cooling during hot weather
• Maintenance of humidity in house
• Reduction of obnoxious gases
• Provide adequate air movement

13. FREE-RANGE SYSTEM
• Oldest one, used for centuries by general farmers,
where there is no shortage of land.
• System allows great space to birds on land where
they can find appreciable amount of food in the
form of herbage/ seeds/ insects.
• Birds are protected from predator and infectious
diseases / parasitic infestation.
• At present due to advantages of intensive
methods the system is almost obsolete

15. SEMI-INTENSIVE SYSTEM
• Where the amount of free space available, but
limited, this system is adopted.
• Necessary to allow the birds 20-30 square yards
per bird of outside run.
• Space should be divided giving a run on either
side of the house of 10-15 sq. yards/ bird, thus
enabling the birds to move onto fresh ground.

17. INTENSIVE SYSTEM
• Adopted where land is limited and expensive.
• Birds are confined to the house, no access to
land outside.
• Direct rays of the sun on to the floor of the house,
part of the windows are removable, permit the UV
rays to reach the birds.

18. BATTERY SYSTEM
• Most intensive type of poultry production, useful to
a small quantity of floor space.
• Hen is confined to a cage just large enough to
permit very limited movement and allow her to
stand and shit comfortably.
• The floor is of standard strong galvanized wire set
at a slope from back to the front, the egg, roll out of
the cage to a receiving gutter.
• Underneath is a tray for dropping. Both food and
water receptacles are outside the cage.

20. CONTI…
• Many small cages can be assembled together,
multistoried.
• The whole structure should be metal so that no
parasites be harbored and thorough disinfection
can be carried out/ required.
• Batteries of cages are set up in a place which is
well ventilated, lighted, not too hot, vermin proof
and that the food meets all nutritional need.

21. ADVANTAGES
• Successful in the tropical countries.
• Requires a minimum expenditure of energy from
the bird as they spend all time in the shade.
• Lessens the load of excess body heat.
• Performance of each bird can be noted and
culling easily carried out.

22. DEEP LITTER SYSTEM
• Birds are kept in large pens up to 250 on floor
covered with litters like straw, saw dust or leaves
up to depth of 8-12 inches.
• Deep litter, the accumulation of the material used
for litter with poultry manure until it reaches a
depth of 8 to 12 inches.
• The build-up has to be carried out correctly to
correctly to give desired results.

24. • Droppings of the birds gradually combine with
the materials used to build up the litter.
• About 2 months, it become deep litter.
• By 6 months it become built-up deep litter.
• About 12 months, it is fully built up.
• Extra litter material can be added to maintain
sufficient depth.

25. • Deep litter pen should be started when the weather
is dry, and is likely to remain so for about 2 months
for the operation of the bacterial actions, which
alters the composition of the litters.
• Start new litter with each year’s pullets and
continue with it for their laying period.

26. ADVANTAGES OF DEEP LITTER
SYSTEM
• Birds and eggs are safe in deep litter intensive
pen, which has strong wire netting or expanded
metal.
• Built-up deep litter also supplies some of the food
requirements of the birds. They obtain “Animal
Protein Factor” from deep litter.

27. • With correct conditions observed with well
managed litter, no need to clean a pen for a whole
year; only regular stirring and adding of some
material.
• 35 laying birds can produce about 1 tone of deep
litter fertilizer/year.
• Level of nitrogen in fresh manure is about 1% but
on well built-up deep litter it may be around 3%
(nearly 20% protein)
• It also contains about 2% phosphorus and 2%
potassium. Its value is about 3 times that of cattle
manure.

28. • It is valuable insulating agent, the litter maintains
its own constant temperature, so birds burrow into
it when the air temperature is high and thereby
cool themselves.
• Conversely, the can warm themselves in the same
way when then weather is very cool.

29. BASICS RULES FOR DEEP
LITTER SYSTEM
• Do not have too many birds in the pen and
preferably 5 square feet of floor space.
• Provide sufficient ventilation to enable the litter to
keep in correct condition.

30. • Keep the litter dry, if the soaked by leaked from
roofs or from water vessels, it upsets the whole
process and would have to start over again,
precautions should be taken to maintain the litters
completely dry.
• Stir the litter regularly, turning the litter at least
once/ week is very important in maintaining a
correct build-up of litter.

31. THANK
YOU