Poultry housing

Poultry housing

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  POULTRY HOUSING Presented by HarshithaB R ALB7070
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  Poultry housing andequipments are needed for the comfort ,protection and efficient production .Housing is and important non recurring capital investment in poultry farming .Hence economy must be kept in mind while providing housing . PURPOSE OF HOUSING * Comfort and protection *Scientific management *Reduces the total cost of production *Easy , convenient and economic operations *Maximises the flock performance *Ensuring better health and welfare *Proper micro climatic condition *Optimum and uniform growth rate
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  POULTRY HOUSING SYSTEMS *Free range system * Semi intensive system *Intensive system ✓Deep litter system ✓Cage rearing system ~Flat deck cages ~ Battery cages ~Reverse cages
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  1 FREE RANG ESYSTEM It is the oldest system in which the birds are let loose in the field ,usual ly after harvesting of the crops on r otational basis within the fenced ar ea.Birds scavenge an appreciable a mount of feed in the form of herbag e,seeds,and insects. * Advantages : *low food cost *Great range of behavior s *Disadvantages:*predators *Climatic extre mes
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  2 SEMI INTENSI VESYSTEM Where the amount of free space available is limited this system is adopted. Birds are let loose for scavenging during day time and are confined to hou se during night time.Feed and water will be provided in the house ✓Commonly used by small scale producers ✓Birds are half way reared in houses and half way on ground or range ✓Birds are confined to houses in night or as per the need they are also giv en access to runs ✓Houses may be simple house,thatched roof ,littered earth floor or slatted ✓provided protection from inclement weather predators and shade ✓Stocking density : 4-5 birds m.sq.in houses
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  . ADVANTAGES OF SE MIINTENSIVE SYSTE M *low investment *High returns *Savings in feed costs "Better meat quality *Meat being lean and fat free as compared to broi lers grown in confined c ages and better returns
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  3 INTENSIVE SYSTEM Thissystem is usually adopted where the land is limited and exp ensive.In this system the birds are confined to the house with no access to land outside.Under the intensive system,Cage system and Deep litter system are most common. A) CAGE SYSTEM ✓This is the most common type of poultry production. ✓Rearing of poultry on raised wire netting floor in smaller compa rtments . ✓Suitable for high density of birds ✓Auto operated feeding trolleys and egg collection belts can also be used ✓Initailly used for individual eggs ,pedigree recording and culling for poor layers ✓At present 75percent of commercial layers are kept in cages an d reared
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  . Recommend floor space *Chick (0to 8 weeks ) = 0.3 Sq.ft *Grower(9 to 16weeks )=0.5 Sq.ft *Layer(above 17 week s ) =0.6 Sq.ft
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  a) FLAT DECK CAGE Singletier cage system ,fitted on strands
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  b) BATTERY C AGES Herethe cages are arranged one above the other with trays under ea ch cage for collection of droppings .Feeders and waterers are fixed al ong the sides of the cages. ✓The name arises from the arrangement of rows and columns of iden tical cages connected together ,in a unit as in an artillary battery. *ADVANTAGES ✓ increased hygiene resulting in a much lower incidence of diseses in which the infectious agent is spread through droppings . ✓Small group size resulting in a low incidence of social friction ✓Ease of management
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  Battery cages
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  C)Reverse cag es Cages arearranged one above the other in step wise.Here no nee d of feacal trays ,the droppings gets collected in the pits below the cage arrangements. ✓ here more feeding space is available.so all the 4 birds can take f eed at the same time where as in conventional cages ,3 birds can t ake feed and the other one is waiting at the back . ✓ The number is cracked eggs is less due to lesser rolling distance .. ✓ Better ventilation in reverse cages than conventional cages
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  REVERSE CAGES
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  B) DEEP LITTERSYSTEM In this system the birds are always kept inside the house.Arrangement fo r feed,water and nest are made inside the house itself .The birds are kep t on the suitable litter material spread of about 3" to 5" depth .The word li tter is used for the fresh litter material spread on the floor . Usually paddy husk,saw dust ,groundnut hulls,chopped paddy straw or wood shavings are used as litter materials .The litter is spread on the floors in layers of 2 "height every fortnightly till the required is achieved . * ADVANTAGES. : *Vitamin B2 and Vitamin B12 are made available to the birds from the litter material from bacterial action . *Welfare of the birds is maintained . *Deep litter manure is a useful fertilizer. *Lesser nuisance of flies when compared to cage system . *DISADVANTAGES : *Bacterial and parasitic diseases may be a problem . * Respiratory problem may occur due to dust from litter
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  B) DEEP LITTERSYSTE M
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  CONSTRUCTION DETAILS OFPOULTRY H OUSE 1) LOCATION : The farm should be nearer to the market and main road for sale of poultry products,well connected with roads and other transportation modes.Sh ould not be in low lying area . 2) ORIENTATION : The Long axis of the poultry should be along the east west d irection which protects birds from adverse effects of inclement weather. 3) FOUNDATION : It should be 3 feet deep and 2.5 ft wide at the bottom .The wi dth can be reduced gradually to 1 ft at the surface level.It should be solid and de ep enough to support the building and high enough to keep out surface water. 4) PLINTH : It should be 0.6 to 0.9 for efficient drainage . 5) SIDE WALLS : Stud height of poultry house will be 2.10 to 2.40m and the hei ght of the centre will be 3.00 to 3.30m.The height of the side walls from the pinth level should be 0.3 to 1.20m After this height expanded metal /chiken mesh may be fitted all along the sides house . 6) FLOOR : It may be light lime concrete or cement concrete but should not be mud .The thickness of flooring material may be about 8 to 10cm with 2 to 3 slope per 20 ft for easy drainage.A rat proof projection (about 0.45 to 0.60m wide slab) at floor level should be provided all round the house .
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  BASIC PRINCIPLES FORPOULTRY LAYOUT ✓ Layout should not allow visitors and outside vehicles to come in cont act with birds .For this administrative block and feed mill unit should be kept away from sheds on farm . ✓ The younger birds should be kept away from disturbances due to m ovements of outsiders,for which brooder and grower houses are prefer ably located at far end of site,away from administrative block and feed mill unit. ✓ The houses of younger birds should be necessarily placed on the up wind flow side to avoid cross infection from adults to young through air .In our country major part of the year west is the upwind flow side ,henc e brooder and grower houses should be located on West of site . ✓ Feed mill is generally attached to medium and large size polutry far ms and preferably placed near gate . ✓ The minimum distance between brooder and Grower ,grower and layer and two layer houses must be Observed while planning layout to avoid cross infection.