Production of Specific Pathogen Free and Gnotobiotic animals
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In laboratory animals, maintaining the health status in very alarming situations very difficult. Both SPF and Gnotobiotic animals have laboratory significance for which their management is a valid aspect.
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Production method of germ free lab animals
This document describes the production method of germ free lab animals. It discusses the definition of germ free animals and the equipment needed to produce them, such as isolators and transfer chambers. The key steps of the method are ensuring availability of germ free surrogate mothers, transferring pregnant donor mice to the isolator on day 17-20, performing caesarean sections in the transfer chamber to remove the uterine packages, and mixing the donor pups with the surrogate mother's litter in the isolator. Producing germ free animals allows their use to study reactions to diets, infectious disease pathogenesis, and other research.
Specific pathogen free animal
This document discusses the management of specific pathogen free (SPF) and gnotobiotic laboratory animals. It defines SPF animals as those free of specified microorganisms and parasites. Gnotobiotic animals are derived via cesarean section and maintained germfree. The document outlines the purchase, housing, breeding, and screening of SPF and gnotobiotic animals. It emphasizes strict biosecurity protocols to prevent contamination, including staff training, barrier facilities, and routine screening of animals and facilities. Proper care, record keeping, and environmental conditions are also necessary to maintain these specialized research colonies.
GNOTOBIOTIC ANIMALS
Gnotobiosis (from Greek roots gnostos "known" and bios "life") refers to an engineered state of an organism in which all forms of life (i.e., microorganisms) in or on it, including its microbiota, have been identified.[1] The term gnotobiotic organism, or gnotobiote, can refer to a model organism that is colonized with a specific community of known microorganisms (isobiotic or defined flora animal) or that contains no microorganisms (germ-free) often for experimental purposes.[2][3][4][5] The study of gnotobiosis and the generation of various types of gnotobiotic model organisms as tools for studying interactions between host organisms and microorganisms is referred to as gnotobiology.
Gnotobiotics is the scientific study of animals or other organisms that are raised in germ free environments or ones that contain only specifically known germs. The gnotobiotic laboratory animal is potentially a very valuable tool for investigating any suspected interaction between the host and its associated microflora or between different components of that flora. However, like many other good ideas, the production of gnotobiotes is simple in concept but complicated in execution. In the early stages the greatest obstacles to the general use of germ free animals were the expense and the restricted amount of space that could be maintained free from contaminants. Nowadays, with modern isolators and facilities it is easier to produce gnotobiotic animals at relatively modest price.
Gnotobiotic animals or Gnotobiote are an animal stock or strain in which only certain known strains of bacteria and other microorganisms are present. Technically the term also includes germ free animals as the status of their microbial communities is also known (Reyniers, 1959). Gnotobiotic animals are derived by aseptic hysterotomy or hysterectomy, embryo transfer or sterile hatching of eggs and are continuously maintained using aseptic technique where the microbial status of the animal is fully defined; includes both germ free and defined flora animals. Animals reared in a gnotobiotic colony are devoid of normal flora, has poorly developed immune systems, lower cardiac output, thin intestinal walls, low antibody titers low metabolism rate and high susceptibility to infectious pathogens (Wostmann et al., 1996). Lower amounts of serum gamma globulins have been observed in germ free animals of several species and the quantity increases on association with microorganisms. Nuttall and Thierfelder are considered pioneers of gnotobiotics and germ free research. Germ free mice have adapted anatomically and physiologically to life without microbes
The gnotobiotic principles used in the production of infection free laboratory animals evolved from the efforts to rear and study animals in the absence of microbes or in association with one or more pure cultures of microbes . The gnotobiotic animal is potentially a very valuable tool for Scientitist.
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This document describes the production method of germ free lab animals. It discusses the definition of germ free animals and the equipment needed to produce them, such as isolators and transfer chambers. The key steps of the method are ensuring availability of germ free surrogate mothers, transferring pregnant donor mice to the isolator on day 17-20, performing caesarean sections in the transfer chamber to remove the uterine packages, and mixing the donor pups with the surrogate mother's litter in the isolator. Producing germ free animals allows their use to study reactions to diets, infectious disease pathogenesis, and other research.
Specific pathogen free animal
This document discusses the management of specific pathogen free (SPF) and gnotobiotic laboratory animals. It defines SPF animals as those free of specified microorganisms and parasites. Gnotobiotic animals are derived via cesarean section and maintained germfree. The document outlines the purchase, housing, breeding, and screening of SPF and gnotobiotic animals. It emphasizes strict biosecurity protocols to prevent contamination, including staff training, barrier facilities, and routine screening of animals and facilities. Proper care, record keeping, and environmental conditions are also necessary to maintain these specialized research colonies.
GNOTOBIOTIC ANIMALS
Gnotobiosis (from Greek roots gnostos "known" and bios "life") refers to an engineered state of an organism in which all forms of life (i.e., microorganisms) in or on it, including its microbiota, have been identified.[1] The term gnotobiotic organism, or gnotobiote, can refer to a model organism that is colonized with a specific community of known microorganisms (isobiotic or defined flora animal) or that contains no microorganisms (germ-free) often for experimental purposes.[2][3][4][5] The study of gnotobiosis and the generation of various types of gnotobiotic model organisms as tools for studying interactions between host organisms and microorganisms is referred to as gnotobiology.
Gnotobiotics is the scientific study of animals or other organisms that are raised in germ free environments or ones that contain only specifically known germs. The gnotobiotic laboratory animal is potentially a very valuable tool for investigating any suspected interaction between the host and its associated microflora or between different components of that flora. However, like many other good ideas, the production of gnotobiotes is simple in concept but complicated in execution. In the early stages the greatest obstacles to the general use of germ free animals were the expense and the restricted amount of space that could be maintained free from contaminants. Nowadays, with modern isolators and facilities it is easier to produce gnotobiotic animals at relatively modest price.
Gnotobiotic animals or Gnotobiote are an animal stock or strain in which only certain known strains of bacteria and other microorganisms are present. Technically the term also includes germ free animals as the status of their microbial communities is also known (Reyniers, 1959). Gnotobiotic animals are derived by aseptic hysterotomy or hysterectomy, embryo transfer or sterile hatching of eggs and are continuously maintained using aseptic technique where the microbial status of the animal is fully defined; includes both germ free and defined flora animals. Animals reared in a gnotobiotic colony are devoid of normal flora, has poorly developed immune systems, lower cardiac output, thin intestinal walls, low antibody titers low metabolism rate and high susceptibility to infectious pathogens (Wostmann et al., 1996). Lower amounts of serum gamma globulins have been observed in germ free animals of several species and the quantity increases on association with microorganisms. Nuttall and Thierfelder are considered pioneers of gnotobiotics and germ free research. Germ free mice have adapted anatomically and physiologically to life without microbes
The gnotobiotic principles used in the production of infection free laboratory animals evolved from the efforts to rear and study animals in the absence of microbes or in association with one or more pure cultures of microbes . The gnotobiotic animal is potentially a very valuable tool for Scientitist.
Sample collection for bacterial isolation, characterization and antibiotic se...
For correct diagnosis and then to start the suitable therapy collection of required sample and then its testing is of utmost importance.
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Foot and mouth disease is a highly contagious viral disease that affects cloven-hooved animals. It is characterized by blisters in the mouth and feet, excessive salivation, and lameness. The disease spreads through direct contact, aerosols, contaminated equipment and materials, people, predators, food, and semen. There is no treatment, but vaccination, sanitation, and biosecurity measures can control and prevent the spread.
Immunodiffusion
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This document provides information on procedures for examining urine, skin scrapings, and milk from various animal species. It describes how to collect and store samples, and outlines the steps for chemical, microscopic, and cultural examinations. Key points covered include normal versus abnormal findings for pH, glucose, protein, ketones, bilirubin, blood, and sediments in urine. Examination of milk involves assessing color, odor, consistency, and performing white slide and California mastitis tests to detect inflammation.
Virus neutralization test
The viral neutralization test is a serological method that detects the presence of viral neutralizing antibodies. It involves mixing dilutions of antibodies with a standardized amount of virus, incubating them, and observing for cytopathic effects in cell cultures. If the antibodies neutralize the virus, no cytopathic effects will be observed as the cells remain intact. While the viral neutralization test is highly sensitive and specific, it is also slow, intensive, and requires skilled technicians. It remains the gold standard method for diagnosing viral infections in the laboratory by comparing other test methods to it.
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Biochemistry involves the study of:
Chemical constituents of living matter.
Chemical changes which occur in the organism during digestion, absorption and excretion.
Chemical changes which occur during growth and multiplication of the organism.
Transformation of one form of chemical constituent to the other.
Energy changes involved in such transformation.
Note:- The term “Biochemistry” was first introduced by German chemist Carl Neuberg in 1903 from Greek word “bios” means “life”.
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Note:- Modern day medical practice is highly dependent on the laboratory analysis of body fluids, especially the blood. The disease manifestations are reflected in the composition of blood and other tissues.
Hence, the demarcation of abnormal from normal constituents of the body is another aim of the study of clinical biochemistry.
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safety data sheet, an introduction to cell culture, safety equipment, safe laboratory practices, ascetic techniques, sterile work area, good personal hygiene, sterile reagents and media, sterile handling, planning of cell culture labs.
Different Methods used in Integrated-Plant-Disease-Management.pptx
its about different methods used in integrated plant disease management. it is a holistic approach that use a combination of different methods to manage diseases and to minimize the effect on environment and main crop health.it minimizes the use of chemicals and forces the use of natural methods.
DDS DRUGS AND DOSAGE FORMS-2020.ppt
This document discusses key concepts in pharmaceutics and drug development. It covers:
1. The branches of pharmaceutics including pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, biopharmaceutics, and pharmaceutical technology.
2. The process of drug discovery and development, from identifying drug targets through preclinical and clinical testing.
3. The different phases of clinical trials and timelines for drug approval.
4. The definitions of key terms used in drug development like target, hit, lead, candidate, and product.
5. The differences between brand drugs, generics, and biosimilars.
2005 an introduction to botanical medicines - history, science, uses and da...
2005 an introduction to botanical medicines - history, science, uses and da...University of Zambia, School of Pharmacy, Lusaka, Zambia
This document provides an introduction to botanical medicines, covering their history, science, uses, and dangers. It discusses how botanicals are extracted and prepared as medicines, as well as how their effectiveness is studied through in vitro, in vivo, and clinical trials. While botanicals have been used for thousands of years, the book notes that research on their effects is still developing and opinions vary on their role in medicine. It emphasizes the need for more rigorous clinical research and cooperation between conventional and complementary practitioners to establish the safety and efficacy of herbal medicines.Project Report
This document describes a study conducted by students on the antimicrobial activities of plant extracts. It includes an introduction discussing the increasing resistance of microbes to antibiotics and the need to find alternatives. The document outlines the methodology used, which involved collecting 9 different plant parts and testing their ethanol, acetone and petroleum ether extracts against various bacteria and fungi. The results and discussion section analyzes the effectiveness of the different plant extracts.
Antibiotics Fact Sheet
Farmers use antibiotics to keep livestock healthy and food safe. Antibiotics treat and prevent bacterial infections in animals just as they do in humans. The FDA approves antibiotics for use in animals and determines withdrawal periods to ensure meat is antibiotic-free. Multiple agencies regularly test food to ensure it is safe. While antibiotic overuse can lead to resistance, farmers and veterinarians are working to prevent this through judicious use and separating medically important human antibiotics.
Vaccine design
A vaccine is a biological preparation that provides active acquired immunity to a particular infectious disease.Vaccine contains certain agents that not only resembles a disease-causing microorganism but it also stimulates body’s immune system recognize the foreign agents.Vaccines can be prophylactic or therapeutic.
The administration of vaccines is called vaccination.
British physician Edward Jenner, who in 1796 used the cowpox virus (Latin variola vaccinia) to confer protection against smallpox. In 1885 the French microbiologist Louis Pasteur and Emile Roux developed the first vaccine against rabies.
There are several types of vaccines like Whole-Organism vaccine, recombinant vaccine,dna vaccine, multivalent subunit vaccines etc.
microbiological diagnosis
This document provides an overview of diagnostic testing in microbiology laboratories. It discusses basic microbiology principles like media and culture, direct and indirect testing methods, sterile vs. non-sterile body sites, sensitivity and specificity. It then walks through the process of handling a specimen from receipt to reporting results, including appropriate collection, transport, inoculation, isolation, identification and documentation. Finally, it discusses a case study of testing a blood sample and issues around laboratory staffing.
Discuss one cause of foodborne illness..Not E coli ... State why it .pdf
Discuss one cause of foodborne illness..Not E coli ... State why it is a public health problem?
The discuss why this problem occurs, Also discuss current control measures recommended and
used to prevent and control the foodborne illness that is the focus of your discussion. Finally, you
should propose a new control strategy or measure(s) that, if implemented, you believe would
reduce or eliminate the problem that you have characterized earlier Your proposal for improved
prevention and control practice should utilize terms and concepts,You should explain how your
proposal relates to the problem that you identified earlier in the paper, why you believe that it
will work, and how your proposed measure(s) fill gaps in the current public health response.
Solution
- Listeriosis is a serious infection caused by the germ Listeria monocytogenes. People usually
become ill with listeriosis after eating contaminated food. The disease primarily affects pregnant
women, newborns, older adults, and people with weakened immune systems. It\'s rare for people
in other groups to get sick with Listeria infection.
Listeriosis is usually a mild illness for pregnant women, but it causes severe disease in the fetus
or newborn baby. Adults 65 years and older and people with weakened immune systems most
commonly develop severe infections of the bloodstream (causing sepsis) or brain (causing
meningitis or encephalitis). Listeria infections can sometimes affect other parts of the body,
including bones, joints, and sites in the chest and abdomen.
- it is a public health problem because Recognized as an important public health problem in the
United States, Listeria monocytogenes is a ubiquitous, intracellular pathogen known to cause
food-contaminating outbreaks. These microorganisms have the ability to multiply within host
cells and spread from cell to cell
- control measures -
Avoiding Outbreaks
A clean, dry environment is of utmost importance in controlling Listeria. Common processing
facility contamination sites include floors, walls, ceilings, food contact surfaces, cleaning aids,
drains/wash areas, and heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems. Potential
problem areas should be identified at each processing facility
Without meticulous and proper cleaning, plant equipment, including any equipment used for
refrigeration and HVAC, can become breeding grounds for microorganisms. Intermittent defrost
systems, which are subject to frequent washdowns, encourage microbial growth. Because they
often contain moisture from standing water or condensation, special attention should be paid to
these systems to prevent their contamination.
Among the many general guidelines for keeping a food processing facility clean, visual
inspection and routine testing are important. While regular cleaning can help prevent outbreaks,
continuous monitoring is needed to assess further control measures. Determine sample points
and frequency for routine environmental testing, food cont.
In vivo and in vitro studies
This document summarizes the key differences between in vitro and in vivo experiments. In vitro refers to experiments performed outside of a living organism in artificial laboratory conditions, such as cell cultures or test tubes. In vivo experiments are conducted within living organisms under natural physiological conditions. Some key differences highlighted are that in vitro experiments are less expensive and faster but also less precise, while in vivo can provide more accurate results but are more time-consuming and costly. Examples of each type of experiment are also provided.
Streptocci Research Paper
Through culture growth and effects on agar plates, Streptococci can be identified and differentiated. Alpha-hemolytic colonies from respiratory specimens are considered normal flora, while beta-hemolytic colonies are tested to identify the antigenic group as A or B. Identification can also be made by the ability of S. pyogenes to hydrolyze PYR, turning it bright red. Rapid immunoassay testing is also available to detect group A streptococci from throat swabs.
Infection control in pathological laboratory
The document discusses infection control in pathological laboratories. It begins by defining infection control and its importance in healthcare settings. It then discusses how infection control was established in the 1950s and focuses on surveillance and risk factor identification. The document outlines sources of infection in laboratories, including inhalation, needle sticks, and ingestion. It provides several prevention and safety measures, such as hand washing, masks, vaccinations, and safe sharps practices. Finally, it discusses monitoring infection control through observations, interviews, inspections, and data analysis to maintain a safe environment.
Similar to Production of Specific Pathogen Free and Gnotobiotic animals (20)
pharmaceutical application of microbial technology.pptx
pharmaceutical application of microbial technology.pptx
cpcsea guidelines for laboratory animal facility-pptx
cpcsea guidelines for laboratory animal facility-pptx
Different Methods used in Integrated-Plant-Disease-Management.pptx
Different Methods used in Integrated-Plant-Disease-Management.pptx
2005 an introduction to botanical medicines - history, science, uses and da...
2005 an introduction to botanical medicines - history, science, uses and da...
Discuss one cause of foodborne illness..Not E coli ... State why it .pdf
Discuss one cause of foodborne illness..Not E coli ... State why it .pdf
More from Rameswar Panda
Vaccination schedule of animals and poultry
Vaccination is a preventive measure for controlling the disease outbreak. To be the vaccination a successful one, the components of vaccination program should be strictly followed. Vaccination aid is not available for all the diseases, rather for the disease which is contagious and causes a havoc
Classification of feed and forages
This document classifies livestock feed and forages into several categories: cultivated fodder including green/succulent, dry, and supplements/additives; natural vegetation including grasslands, pasture, and trees; concentrates that are rich in carbohydrates, protein, or both moderate; and roughages versus concentrates based on their crude fiber and nutrient content. It further categorizes roughages into maintenance type for cereal fodder and hay, production type for leguminous fodder and hay, and sustenance type for straw and stovers based on their digestible crude protein percentage.
Breeds of duck
This document summarizes several common breeds of ducks. It divides ducks into meat, egg, and ornamental types and describes the key characteristics of popular breeds like Pekin, Aylesbury, Muscovy, Rouen, Cayuga, Khaki Campbell, Indian Runner, and some ornamental and Indian breeds. The Pekin is one of the most popular breeds worldwide, originating from China. It is efficient and lays around 160 eggs. The Muscovy is native to South America and males are twice the female size and have distinctive knobs on their heads. Indian Runner ducks come in white, fawn, and penciled varieties and can lay up to 250 eggs while foraging outside all day
Breeds of chicken
For better poultry farming, cognizance about different breeds should be important. To go either layer or broiler farming, breeds are the considerable factors. All are differentiated in terms of their geographical distribution, utility, colour etc.
Grower management in Poultry
After brooding stage, grower stage happens to every poultry species. many parallel manage-mental events is undertaken to make the birds good layers. feeding is the most essential part in this stage
Brooding management of Chicks
Early life of poultry bird is important. Efforts should be made to control the mortality of chicks due to heat stress, cold stress and coccidiosis.
Composting
Composting is a recyclable constructive way for converting organic waste materials to a more valuable product.
Advances in vitamin & mineral nutrition in livestock
feeding management cannot be ignored under any circumstances. This presentation depicts the tangential and burning points related to the role and significance of Vitamins and minerals for the livestock
Housing of wild animals
Housing of wild animals is as essential as that of livestock species. The matter is so deepening in terms of its conservation especially in the context of India
Milch cattle breeds in India
The document summarizes several milch (dairy) cattle breeds found in India, including Gir, Sahiwal, Red Sindhi, and Deoni. It provides details on the origins, appearance, milk production capabilities, and reproductive characteristics of each breed. On average, Gir cows produce the most milk at 3,175 kg per lactation period, while Sindhi cows are the most economical producers. The breeds vary in traits like size, coloration, milk yield, temperament, and suitability for different climates and work.
Different types of housing of animals
In India, as not much of attention is paid so far as to this important aspect- animal housing, we find different types of animal houses constructed without careful planning and designing.
Biotechnology in livestock improvement
Livestock sector is an important sector in indian economy. To boost the productive performance of existing livestock population in india, biotechnolgy plays a key role to fullfill this.
Transport of horses1
The matter is not how the horses are transported, it is the welfare aspect of the horses which are to be taken in to account. There are legal frameworks in European countries regarding horse transportation which were effective from january 2007. In india also the transportation is legalized. there is a rule called Animal transport rules act. 1978, under which there are 6 schedules. and among them schedule 5 bears the transportation rules of horses.
Rfid a modern technique in animal identification
Radio frequency identification (RFID) is an efficient animal identification technology that uses radio waves to identify and track animals. RFID systems consist of transponders attached to animals, transceivers to read the transponders, and a computer system to store identification data. RFID ear tags, rumen boluses, and microchips implanted under the skin are common methods to attach transponders to animals. RFID technologies help automate dairy farm operations like weighing, milking, and health monitoring of individual animals. Standards like ISO 11784 and 11785 regulate RFID frequencies and transponder coding to ensure compatibility worldwide.
Ch4 emission
Ruminant livestock like cattle can produce a significant amount of methane per day, contributing to global warming. Many factors influence the methane emissions from cattle, including their diet and the addition of certain feeds. Manipulating these factors through mitigation strategies can help reduce the methane losses from cattle. A variety of techniques exist to measure methane emissions from individual animals or groups, both in indoor and outdoor enclosures, to help identify ways to decrease cattle's contributions to atmospheric methane levels.
More from Rameswar Panda (15)
Advances in vitamin & mineral nutrition in livestock
Advances in vitamin & mineral nutrition in livestock
Recently uploaded
3D Hybrid PIC simulation of the plasma expansion (ISSS-14)
3D Particle-In-Cell (PIC) algorithm,
Plasma expansion in the dipole magnetic field.
Micronuclei test.M.sc.zoology.fisheries.
Current Ms word generated power point presentation covers major details about the micronuclei test. It's significance and assays to conduct it. It is used to detect the micronuclei formation inside the cells of nearly every multicellular organism. It's formation takes place during chromosomal sepration at metaphase.
Bob Reedy - Nitrate in Texas Groundwater.pdf
Presented at June 6-7 Texas Alliance of Groundwater Districts Business Meeting
The use of Nauplii and metanauplii artemia in aquaculture (brine shrimp).pptx
Although Artemia has been known to man for centuries, its use as a food for the culture of larval organisms apparently began only in the 1930s, when several investigators found that it made an excellent food for newly hatched fish larvae (Litvinenko et al., 2023). As aquaculture developed in the 1960s and ‘70s, the use of Artemia also became more widespread, due both to its convenience and to its nutritional value for larval organisms (Arenas-Pardo et al., 2024). The fact that Artemia dormant cysts can be stored for long periods in cans, and then used as an off-the-shelf food requiring only 24 h of incubation makes them the most convenient, least labor-intensive, live food available for aquaculture (Sorgeloos & Roubach, 2021). The nutritional value of Artemia, especially for marine organisms, is not constant, but varies both geographically and temporally. During the last decade, however, both the causes of Artemia nutritional variability and methods to improve poorquality Artemia have been identified (Loufi et al., 2024).
Brine shrimp (Artemia spp.) are used in marine aquaculture worldwide. Annually, more than 2,000 metric tons of dry cysts are used for cultivation of fish, crustacean, and shellfish larva. Brine shrimp are important to aquaculture because newly hatched brine shrimp nauplii (larvae) provide a food source for many fish fry (Mozanzadeh et al., 2021). Culture and harvesting of brine shrimp eggs represents another aspect of the aquaculture industry. Nauplii and metanauplii of Artemia, commonly known as brine shrimp, play a crucial role in aquaculture due to their nutritional value and suitability as live feed for many aquatic species, particularly in larval stages (Sorgeloos & Roubach, 2021).
THEMATIC APPERCEPTION TEST(TAT) cognitive abilities, creativity, and critic...
THEMATIC APPERCEPTION TEST(TAT) cognitive abilities, creativity, and critic...Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan,kP,Pakistan
hematic appreciation test is a psychological assessment tool used to measure an individual's appreciation and understanding of specific themes or topics. This test helps to evaluate an individual's ability to connect different ideas and concepts within a given theme, as well as their overall comprehension and interpretation skills. The results of the test can provide valuable insights into an individual's cognitive abilities, creativity, and critical thinking skills如何办理(uvic毕业证书)维多利亚大学毕业证本科学位证书原版一模一样
原版纸张【微信：741003700 】【(uvic毕业证书)维多利亚大学毕业证】【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
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留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
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6:个人职称评审加20分
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8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
8.Isolation of pure cultures and preservation of cultures.pdf
Isolation of pure culture, its various method.
Applied Science: Thermodynamics, Laws & Methodology.pdf
When I was asked to give a companion lecture in support of ‘The Philosophy of Science’ (https://shorturl.at/4pUXz) I decided not to walk through the detail of the many methodologies in order of use. Instead, I chose to employ a long standing, and ongoing, scientific development as an exemplar. And so, I chose the ever evolving story of Thermodynamics as a scientific investigation at its best.
Conducted over a period of >200 years, Thermodynamics R&D, and application, benefitted from the highest levels of professionalism, collaboration, and technical thoroughness. New layers of application, methodology, and practice were made possible by the progressive advance of technology. In turn, this has seen measurement and modelling accuracy continually improved at a micro and macro level.
Perhaps most importantly, Thermodynamics rapidly became a primary tool in the advance of applied science/engineering/technology, spanning micro-tech, to aerospace and cosmology. I can think of no better a story to illustrate the breadth of scientific methodologies and applications at their best.
The binding of cosmological structures by massless topological defects
Assuming spherical symmetry and weak field, it is shown that if one solves the Poisson equation or the Einstein field
equations sourced by a topological defect, i.e. a singularity of a very specific form, the result is a localized gravitational
field capable of driving flat rotation (i.e. Keplerian circular orbits at a constant speed for all radii) of test masses on a thin
spherical shell without any underlying mass. Moreover, a large-scale structure which exploits this solution by assembling
concentrically a number of such topological defects can establish a flat stellar or galactic rotation curve, and can also deflect
light in the same manner as an equipotential (isothermal) sphere. Thus, the need for dark matter or modified gravity theory is
mitigated, at least in part.
Equivariant neural networks and representation theory
Or: Beyond linear.
Abstract: Equivariant neural networks are neural networks that incorporate symmetries. The nonlinear activation functions in these networks result in interesting nonlinear equivariant maps between simple representations, and motivate the key player of this talk: piecewise linear representation theory.
Disclaimer: No one is perfect, so please mind that there might be mistakes and typos.
dtubbenhauer@gmail.com
Corrected slides: dtubbenhauer.com/talks.html
SAR of Medicinal Chemistry 1st by dk.pdf
In this presentation include the prototype drug SAR on thus or with their examples .
Syllabus of Second Year B. Pharmacy
2019 PATTERN.
EWOCS-I: The catalog of X-ray sources in Westerlund 1 from the Extended Weste...
Context. With a mass exceeding several 104 M⊙ and a rich and dense population of massive stars, supermassive young star clusters
represent the most massive star-forming environment that is dominated by the feedback from massive stars and gravitational interactions
among stars.
Aims. In this paper we present the Extended Westerlund 1 and 2 Open Clusters Survey (EWOCS) project, which aims to investigate
the influence of the starburst environment on the formation of stars and planets, and on the evolution of both low and high mass stars.
The primary targets of this project are Westerlund 1 and 2, the closest supermassive star clusters to the Sun.
Methods. The project is based primarily on recent observations conducted with the Chandra and JWST observatories. Specifically,
the Chandra survey of Westerlund 1 consists of 36 new ACIS-I observations, nearly co-pointed, for a total exposure time of 1 Msec.
Additionally, we included 8 archival Chandra/ACIS-S observations. This paper presents the resulting catalog of X-ray sources within
and around Westerlund 1. Sources were detected by combining various existing methods, and photon extraction and source validation
were carried out using the ACIS-Extract software.
Results. The EWOCS X-ray catalog comprises 5963 validated sources out of the 9420 initially provided to ACIS-Extract, reaching a
photon flux threshold of approximately 2 × 10−8 photons cm−2
s
−1
. The X-ray sources exhibit a highly concentrated spatial distribution,
with 1075 sources located within the central 1 arcmin. We have successfully detected X-ray emissions from 126 out of the 166 known
massive stars of the cluster, and we have collected over 71 000 photons from the magnetar CXO J164710.20-455217.
Describing and Interpreting an Immersive Learning Case with the Immersion Cub...
Current descriptions of immersive learning cases are often difficult or impossible to compare. This is due to a myriad of different options on what details to include, which aspects are relevant, and on the descriptive approaches employed. Also, these aspects often combine very specific details with more general guidelines or indicate intents and rationales without clarifying their implementation. In this paper we provide a method to describe immersive learning cases that is structured to enable comparisons, yet flexible enough to allow researchers and practitioners to decide which aspects to include. This method leverages a taxonomy that classifies educational aspects at three levels (uses, practices, and strategies) and then utilizes two frameworks, the Immersive Learning Brain and the Immersion Cube, to enable a structured description and interpretation of immersive learning cases. The method is then demonstrated on a published immersive learning case on training for wind turbine maintenance using virtual reality. Applying the method results in a structured artifact, the Immersive Learning Case Sheet, that tags the case with its proximal uses, practices, and strategies, and refines the free text case description to ensure that matching details are included. This contribution is thus a case description method in support of future comparative research of immersive learning cases. We then discuss how the resulting description and interpretation can be leveraged to change immersion learning cases, by enriching them (considering low-effort changes or additions) or innovating (exploring more challenging avenues of transformation). The method holds significant promise to support better-grounded research in immersive learning.
ESR spectroscopy in liquid food and beverages.pptx
With increasing population, people need to rely on packaged food stuffs. Packaging of food materials requires the preservation of food. There are various methods for the treatment of food to preserve them and irradiation treatment of food is one of them. It is the most common and the most harmless method for the food preservation as it does not alter the necessary micronutrients of food materials. Although irradiated food doesn’t cause any harm to the human health but still the quality assessment of food is required to provide consumers with necessary information about the food. ESR spectroscopy is the most sophisticated way to investigate the quality of the food and the free radicals induced during the processing of the food. ESR spin trapping technique is useful for the detection of highly unstable radicals in the food. The antioxidant capability of liquid food and beverages in mainly performed by spin trapping technique.
Deep Software Variability and Frictionless Reproducibility
Deep Software Variability and Frictionless ReproducibilityUniversity of Rennes, INSA Rennes, Inria/IRISA, CNRS
The ability to recreate computational results with minimal effort and actionable metrics provides a solid foundation for scientific research and software development. When people can replicate an analysis at the touch of a button using open-source software, open data, and methods to assess and compare proposals, it significantly eases verification of results, engagement with a diverse range of contributors, and progress. However, we have yet to fully achieve this; there are still many sociotechnical frictions.
Inspired by David Donoho's vision, this talk aims to revisit the three crucial pillars of frictionless reproducibility (data sharing, code sharing, and competitive challenges) with the perspective of deep software variability.
Our observation is that multiple layers — hardware, operating systems, third-party libraries, software versions, input data, compile-time options, and parameters — are subject to variability that exacerbates frictions but is also essential for achieving robust, generalizable results and fostering innovation. I will first review the literature, providing evidence of how the complex variability interactions across these layers affect qualitative and quantitative software properties, thereby complicating the reproduction and replication of scientific studies in various fields.
I will then present some software engineering and AI techniques that can support the strategic exploration of variability spaces. These include the use of abstractions and models (e.g., feature models), sampling strategies (e.g., uniform, random), cost-effective measurements (e.g., incremental build of software configurations), and dimensionality reduction methods (e.g., transfer learning, feature selection, software debloating).
I will finally argue that deep variability is both the problem and solution of frictionless reproducibility, calling the software science community to develop new methods and tools to manage variability and foster reproducibility in software systems.
Exposé invité Journées Nationales du GDR GPL 2024
Authoring a personal GPT for your research and practice: How we created the Q...
Thematic analysis in qualitative research is a time-consuming and systematic task, typically done using teams. Team members must ground their activities on common understandings of the major concepts underlying the thematic analysis, and define criteria for its development. However, conceptual misunderstandings, equivocations, and lack of adherence to criteria are challenges to the quality and speed of this process. Given the distributed and uncertain nature of this process, we wondered if the tasks in thematic analysis could be supported by readily available artificial intelligence chatbots. Our early efforts point to potential benefits: not just saving time in the coding process but better adherence to criteria and grounding, by increasing triangulation between humans and artificial intelligence. This tutorial will provide a description and demonstration of the process we followed, as two academic researchers, to develop a custom ChatGPT to assist with qualitative coding in the thematic data analysis process of immersive learning accounts in a survey of the academic literature: QUAL-E Immersive Learning Thematic Analysis Helper. In the hands-on time, participants will try out QUAL-E and develop their ideas for their own qualitative coding ChatGPT. Participants that have the paid ChatGPT Plus subscription can create a draft of their assistants. The organizers will provide course materials and slide deck that participants will be able to utilize to continue development of their custom GPT. The paid subscription to ChatGPT Plus is not required to participate in this workshop, just for trying out personal GPTs during it.
Remote Sensing and Computational, Evolutionary, Supercomputing, and Intellige...
Remote Sensing and Computational, Evolutionary, Supercomputing, and Intellige...University of Maribor
Slides from talk:
Aleš Zamuda: Remote Sensing and Computational, Evolutionary, Supercomputing, and Intelligent Systems.
11th International Conference on Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering (IcETRAN), Niš, 3-6 June 2024
Inter-Society Networking Panel GRSS/MTT-S/CIS Panel Session: Promoting Connection and Cooperation
https://www.etran.rs/2024/en/home-english/Recently uploaded (20)
3D Hybrid PIC simulation of the plasma expansion (ISSS-14)
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mô tả các thí nghiệm về đánh giá tác động dòng khí hóa sau đốt
mô tả các thí nghiệm về đánh giá tác động dòng khí hóa sau đốt
The use of Nauplii and metanauplii artemia in aquaculture (brine shrimp).pptx
The use of Nauplii and metanauplii artemia in aquaculture (brine shrimp).pptx
THEMATIC APPERCEPTION TEST(TAT) cognitive abilities, creativity, and critic...
THEMATIC APPERCEPTION TEST(TAT) cognitive abilities, creativity, and critic...
8.Isolation of pure cultures and preservation of cultures.pdf
8.Isolation of pure cultures and preservation of cultures.pdf
Applied Science: Thermodynamics, Laws & Methodology.pdf
Applied Science: Thermodynamics, Laws & Methodology.pdf
The binding of cosmological structures by massless topological defects
The binding of cosmological structures by massless topological defects
Equivariant neural networks and representation theory
Equivariant neural networks and representation theory
EWOCS-I: The catalog of X-ray sources in Westerlund 1 from the Extended Weste...
EWOCS-I: The catalog of X-ray sources in Westerlund 1 from the Extended Weste...
Describing and Interpreting an Immersive Learning Case with the Immersion Cub...
Describing and Interpreting an Immersive Learning Case with the Immersion Cub...
ESR spectroscopy in liquid food and beverages.pptx
ESR spectroscopy in liquid food and beverages.pptx
Deep Software Variability and Frictionless Reproducibility
Deep Software Variability and Frictionless Reproducibility
Authoring a personal GPT for your research and practice: How we created the Q...
Authoring a personal GPT for your research and practice: How we created the Q...
Remote Sensing and Computational, Evolutionary, Supercomputing, and Intellige...
Remote Sensing and Computational, Evolutionary, Supercomputing, and Intellige...
Production of Specific Pathogen Free and Gnotobiotic animals
- 3. Free of particular pathogens Example. The animal should not have any respiratory diseases while testing the effects of drugs on lungs.
- 4. High monitoring system During purchasing, the buyer should make query about the list of the diseases affecting the animals and the recent history of health screening with the type of health programme monitoring so as to decide whether that particular item is matching up to the expermental purpose or not.
- 5. Special care during caesarian section. Use of sterile isolation units with positive pressure potential build up so as to prevent the entry of pathogen from outside.
- 6. Entry of sterilized food and water through the isolation unit. Airlock should be disinfected prior to the entry of above items.
- 8. Only certain strains of bacteria are present. They are only carrying the organisms on which researchers want to do experiment. Used to study the symbiotic relationship between the animal and the inhabiting organisms.
- 9. Important for microbiologist as it establishes some specific symbiotic relationship between animal and micro-organisms