This information was presented for DAIReXNET and released as a webinar on June 20th, 2016. In this webinar, Dr. Nickerson discusses the prevalence and treatment of mastitis in bred heifers, as well as several strategies for prevention. Learn about using teat seals, controlling horn fly populations, vaccinations, and feed additives that might help reduce the incidence of new infections.
Current status and future challenges in mastitis researchHenk Hogeveen
A couple of years ago, we gathered with 9 individual mastitis experts, to freely discuss issues around mastitis.
One of the results was an overview paper on the current status and future challenges of mastitis research. It was presented at the 50th anniversary Annual Meeting of the NMC (www.nmconline.org). These are the slides of this presentation, given by Joe Hogan and myself.
This information was presented for DAIReXNET and released as a webinar on June 20th, 2016. In this webinar, Dr. Nickerson discusses the prevalence and treatment of mastitis in bred heifers, as well as several strategies for prevention. Learn about using teat seals, controlling horn fly populations, vaccinations, and feed additives that might help reduce the incidence of new infections.
Current status and future challenges in mastitis researchHenk Hogeveen
A couple of years ago, we gathered with 9 individual mastitis experts, to freely discuss issues around mastitis.
One of the results was an overview paper on the current status and future challenges of mastitis research. It was presented at the 50th anniversary Annual Meeting of the NMC (www.nmconline.org). These are the slides of this presentation, given by Joe Hogan and myself.
Simples applications of Nanotechnology in dairy production
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Sheep Abortions: What Causes Them & What Can We Do About It?
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The presentation will cover the reasons for abortions in sheep but will focus on the 3 most common infectious causes in Ontario. Prevalence of disease in Ontario, diagnosis, management of the aborting flock and prevention will also be discussed.
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How to increase milk production at the farm level.In quantity and in quality to supply the processing plant with a better raw material
Milk bacteriologic quality improvment at the farm level Good Farm Management Practices
Microbial contaminations in milk and identification of selected pathogenic ba...ILRI
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As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
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micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
New Directions in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for Older Adults With Mantl...i3 Health
i3 Health is pleased to make the speaker slides from this activity available for use as a non-accredited self-study or teaching resource.
This slide deck presented by Dr. Kami Maddocks, Professor-Clinical in the Division of Hematology and
Associate Division Director for Ambulatory Operations
The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, will provide insight into new directions in targeted therapeutic approaches for older adults with mantle cell lymphoma.
STATEMENT OF NEED
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounting for 5% to 7% of all lymphomas. Its prognosis ranges from indolent disease that does not require treatment for years to very aggressive disease, which is associated with poor survival (Silkenstedt et al, 2021). Typically, MCL is diagnosed at advanced stage and in older patients who cannot tolerate intensive therapy (NCCN, 2022). Although recent advances have slightly increased remission rates, recurrence and relapse remain very common, leading to a median overall survival between 3 and 6 years (LLS, 2021). Though there are several effective options, progress is still needed towards establishing an accepted frontline approach for MCL (Castellino et al, 2022). Treatment selection and management of MCL are complicated by the heterogeneity of prognosis, advanced age and comorbidities of patients, and lack of an established standard approach for treatment, making it vital that clinicians be familiar with the latest research and advances in this area. In this activity chaired by Michael Wang, MD, Professor in the Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma at MD Anderson Cancer Center, expert faculty will discuss prognostic factors informing treatment, the promising results of recent trials in new therapeutic approaches, and the implications of treatment resistance in therapeutic selection for MCL.
Target Audience
Hematology/oncology fellows, attending faculty, and other health care professionals involved in the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
Learning Objectives
1.) Identify clinical and biological prognostic factors that can guide treatment decision making for older adults with MCL
2.) Evaluate emerging data on targeted therapeutic approaches for treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory MCL and their applicability to older adults
3.) Assess mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies for MCL and their implications for treatment selection
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?
Dr Pascal_Reproductive disorders and their management.pdf
1. Reproductive disorders and their
management in cattle
Dr. Pascal Nyabinwa, PhD
Senior Research Fellow
RAB
Tel. (+250) 785324631
E-mail: nyabipass@gmail.com
ORCID iD. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8568-7910 1
nyabipass@gmail.com
2. Presentation outline
1. Anatomy of cow reproductive tract (recall)
2. Artificial Insemination (AI) procedures (Recall)
3. Reproductive and productive cycles (cows)
4. Reproductive diseases and periods of occurrence
5. Risk factors
6. Effect of disease on reproductive performance in dairy cows
7. Vicious cycle of low AI success rate and low adoption rate
8. Fertility chain and Equation of reproduction
9. Management interventions for control and prevention of
reproductive disease in a dairy farm
10. Management of uterine infections (key TTT)
11. Cow-side diagnostic tests/rapid tests
12. Farm Manager’s Reproduction Management Tools
13. Take-home message
2
nyabipass@gmail.com
4. 4
AI procedures
1.Outer procedures
Level 1- Heat detection
(or call from farmer
under AM-PM rule)
Level 2- AI’s equipment
identification, preparation
and handling
Level 3- Semen
identification, preparation
and handling
Level 4- Cow’s
preparation and hygiene
Level 5- Get the gun to the cervix
Level 6-Place the cervix over the gun
Level 7-Deposit the semen just through the
cervix into the uterine body
2. Inner
procedures
Level 9- Better record
keeping
Level 8-Disposal single
use materials in Dustbin
Level-10-
Calving
Level 11-
Calf
registration
nyabipass@gmail.com
12. CHARACTERISTICS OF MOST AFRICAN
COUNTRY DAIRY SECTORS
Vicious cycle of low
adoption
and high cost of
production
Higher prevalence of
TBDs among other
diseases discouraging
adoption of
improved breeds
12
Vicious cycle of low
productivity
and low investment in dairy
Vicious cycle of
low AI success
rate and low
adoption rate
nyabipass@gmail.com
14. The use of AI can also be seen as a chain of
events - from the collection of semen from a bull
to the birth of a calf (records).
To be successful in AI work, no failures can be
tolerated anywhere since each link in this chain of
events is of equal importance
All the links in the chain should be strong enough
to strengthen the whole chain, as one weak link
(Weakest link) results in no conception, most likely
to the extent it will cancel many of the benefits
the AI technology offers
14
nyabipass@gmail.com
15. Applying the equation of reproduction
15
% pregnancy = CDHI x IE x FLH x SFL
Herd A
CDHI = 0.95
IE = 1
FLH = 0.9
SFL = 0.95
% Pregnancies from AI =??
Herd B
CDHI = 0.95
IE = 0.60
FLH = 0.90
SFL = 0.95
% Pregnancies from AI =??
In ideal situation such as the Herd A, all
four factors are very high. The result is
a relatively high percent of pregnancies
from AI during that time period
Herd B where a low % of IE (60%).
All other factors remain ideal.
Because of that one low factor, the %
of pregnancies from AI is lowered
from 81.2% to 48.7%. This specific
example emphasizes how important
it is to keep every % as high as
possible
nyabipass@gmail.com
16. SN Management interventions (MIs)
1 Avoid equipment-sharing between cows within the farm
2 Avoid equipment-sharing with neighbouring farms
3 Avoid housing fresh cows with diseased cows or those with chronic illnesses such as mastitis
4 Avoid off-farm bedding materials and maintain adequate bedding materials per cow
5 Avoid sharing or hiring a breeding bull
6 Consult ANHS provider about the treatment and prevention of mastitis and metabolic diseases
7 Consult ANHS providers about the treatment of positive cases
8 Cull of persistently positive cows
9 Disinfect equipments used in calving assistance before and after use
10 Keep the cows in a clean and dry shed
11 Maintain adequate feeding per cow
12 Maintain a clean transition cow housing
13 Maintain regular contact with ANHS providers for advisory support on disease prevention in dairy farm
14 Select sires based on calving ease
15 Select sires based on low percent stillbirths
16 Remove fetal membranes immediately after passing
17 Use gloves during calving assistance
18 Use an artificial insemination service
19 Use a sexed semen during artificial insemination service
20 Wash the hands and udder before each milking
Management interventions for control and prevention of reproductive disease in a dairy farm
Source:
16
nyabipass@gmail.com
18. Proposed decision tree for the treatment of
uterine infections in cows
Day > 21 pp - Check for size consistence and contents of the uterus
and presence of vaginal/cervical discharge/add lab methods if in
doubt
No CL on the ovary
Presence of CL on the ovary
Intrauterine antibiotic
(e.g. Metricure:
Cephapirin benzathine )
PGF2a i.m. (e.g.
Estrumate/Enzaprost; 2ml)
72h later – intrauterine antibiotic
(e.g. Metricure)
Uterine infections confirmed
nyabipass@gmail.com 18
19. Cow-side diagnostics
Use of rapid health information to manage the herd
19
CMT
MASTITIS DETECTION
ENDO/METRITIS SCORES
(METRICHECK TOOL)
ENDO/METRITIS
DETECTION
ON-FARM PREGNANCY TESTS
(ALERTYS*, P4 Rapid test, ….)
• Early Pregnancy
diagnosis (Blood,
Serum, Plasma,
Milk)
• Cows in their
estrous cycle
Hypocalcemia/ketosis rapid tests
nyabipass@gmail.com
20. 1. Cattle Gestation Table based on 283 Days Gestation Period
20
2. Cows calendar
Farm Manager’s Reproduction Management Tools
nyabipass@gmail.com
21. 21
Farm Manager’s Reproduction Management Tools (Cont’d)
3. Online Apps
a. Cow Pregnancy Calculator b. Cattle Gestation and Body Weight Calculator
nyabipass@gmail.com
22. Take-home message
22
The core role of dairy veterinarians remains individual
animal examinations but this must be supplemented with systematic herd
fertility investigation and veterinarian-led herd fertility management (as
Farm manager)
Management of reproductive and productive cycles
AI packages
Use of cow-side diagnostic tests/rapid tests is paramount for herd health
management
Adopt and Adapt Farm Manager’s Reproduction Management Tools
nyabipass@gmail.com
