Class_8_Mastitis_.pptx
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Animal and human health can be negatively impacted by mastitis in dairy cows. Mastitis is primarily caused by bacteria such as Streptococci and Staphylococci that enter the udder, but can also be caused by fungi, viruses, or other pathogens. Left untreated, mastitis can lead to loss of milk production, damage to the udder, and in severe cases death of the cow. Proper milking hygiene, regular cleaning of milking equipment, post-milking teat dips, treatment of clinical cases, and culling of chronic cases are important for controlling mastitis.
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Class_8_Mastitis_.pptx
Mastitis is an inflammation of the mammary gland that can cause animal and human health concerns. It is mostly caused by bacteria such as Streptococci and Staphylococci that enter through the teat canal. Treatment involves antibiotics, frequent milking, and anti-inflammatory drugs. Control methods to prevent mastitis include proper udder preparation before milking, use of teat dips, properly functioning and maintained milking equipment, and segregating cows with chronic mastitis.
Successful management of delayed case of mastitis in cow
In this we tried & eliminated pathogens with low antibiotics. The withdrawl period of milk is decreased. Treatment is of low cost. Easily applicable in field condition....
Bovine mastitis
Bovine mastitis is an inflammation of the udder in dairy cows that can range from subclinical to clinical. It is primarily caused by bacterial infections that enter through the teat canal. Mastitis has significant economic impacts on dairy farms through reduced milk production and quality. Proper milking procedures and hygiene are critical to mastitis prevention. A 10 step program including teat dipping, equipment maintenance, and monitoring somatic cell counts can help control mastitis on dairy farms.
Mastitis
Mastitis is an inflammatory disease of the mammary gland caused mainly by bacterial infections entering through the teat canal. It can be clinical or subclinical and affects milk production and quality. Diagnosis involves somatic cell counts, California Mastitis Test, and culture of milk samples. Treatment depends on causative organism but includes intramammary antibiotics and supportive therapies. Prevention focuses on proper milking hygiene, teat dipping, dry cow therapy, and culling chronically infected cows. Unaddressed mastitis poses economic losses to dairy operations.
Clean Milk Production Practices and its Management in India by Sunil Meena
Milk is the main product from a dairy enterprise, produced basically as food for human consumption. A dairy farmer must, therefore, aim at maximising on milk output from his/her dairy herd. At the same time the farmer must ensure that milk is produced in clean and hygienic conditions so that it is fit for human consumption.
From public’s health point of view, milk is a very good media for bacterial and other micro-organisms development. As such, disease hazard in public can easily be predisposed by infected milk during production, handling and marketing.
Clean Milk Production Practices
Source Hygiene and Preparations
Check for mastitis with a strip cup or any other method.
Isolate sick animals and milk them last (Their milk should not be mixed with good milk).
Wash udder, teats and flank of the animal with clean water preferably add a disinfectant. Wipe with a clean cloth.
Always groom and cut the hair around the under.
Dispose fore-milk
Tie tails of troublesome animals when milking.
Milker’s Hygiene
Milker should: –
Be healthy and clean
Maintain short fingernails and hair cut (ladies can cover their heads when milking as guard to falling hair)
Avoid smoking during milking time.
Be quick and efficient
Milk continuously (no interruptions).
Milking Environment
The shed can be permanent or movable
Where possible provide a cement floor for easy and proper cleaning.
Water should drain easily and away from the shed
Provide a clean feed trough, water trough and protected store.
There should be a good source of water nearby
The shed should be located away from bad smells and odours
It should be cleaned after every milking
Livestock should not have access to the shed during the day
Utensils
a. Types
Use seamless utensils preferably aluminium or stainless steel
Use cans, sufurias or metal buckets in milking
Provide a good washing place
Washing procedure
Rinse excess milk with cold and clean water
Scrub with a brush using hot water mixed with a detergent e.g. soap or detergent
Rinse with cold water and place the utensils to dry on a rack upside down during the day.
c. Storage
Utensils should be stored at night in a safe and clean place, which is well ventilated.
Milking
a. Preparation
Do not excite the animals
Regularize milking intervals
b. Method
Squeeze the teat and do not pull.
All milk should be got from the under i.e. avoid incomplete milking
Use a teat dip after milking
Milk Handling
a. Filtering
Use a white filter cloth
Filter immediately after milking
Disinfect, wash and dry the filter cloth after use
b. Storage
Store milk in cool and clean place
The room used to store milk should without other materials such as chemicals and should also be lockable.
c. Marketing or Disposal
Milk should be delivered to the market as soon as possible
It is advisable to delivery milk early in the morning and evening to avoid hot periods of the day.
Bovine-Mastitis.ppt
Bovine mastitis is an inflammation of the mammary gland typically caused by bacterial infection. Some key causes include intramammary infection from bacteria, mycoplasma, fungi, or algae. Mechanical, thermal, or chemical trauma can also make the udder more susceptible to infection. Mastitis poses major economic losses for dairy farmers due to reduced milk production and quality, treatment costs, and early cow replacement. Proper milking hygiene and dry cow treatment are important for prevention and control of mastitis.
Clean milk production
Clean milk production is important for dairy farmer profitability. It involves collecting milk from healthy cows in a clean environment to minimize contamination. Key steps include proper animal housing and hygiene, milker hygiene, cleaning milking equipment, rapid cooling of milk, and disinfecting cow udders before milking. This reduces bacterial growth and allows for safe human consumption and production of high quality dairy products.
Clean milk production
Clean milk production is important for dairy farmer profitability. It involves collecting milk from healthy cows in a clean environment to minimize contamination. Key steps include proper animal housing and hygiene, milker hygiene, cleaning milking equipment, rapid cooling of milk, and disinfecting cow udders before milking. This reduces bacterial growth and allows for safe human consumption and production of high quality dairy products.
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Class_8_Mastitis_.pptx
Mastitis is an inflammation of the mammary gland that can cause animal and human health concerns. It is mostly caused by bacteria such as Streptococci and Staphylococci that enter through the teat canal. Treatment involves antibiotics, frequent milking, and anti-inflammatory drugs. Control methods to prevent mastitis include proper udder preparation before milking, use of teat dips, properly functioning and maintained milking equipment, and segregating cows with chronic mastitis.
Successful management of delayed case of mastitis in cow
In this we tried & eliminated pathogens with low antibiotics. The withdrawl period of milk is decreased. Treatment is of low cost. Easily applicable in field condition....
Bovine mastitis
Bovine mastitis is an inflammation of the udder in dairy cows that can range from subclinical to clinical. It is primarily caused by bacterial infections that enter through the teat canal. Mastitis has significant economic impacts on dairy farms through reduced milk production and quality. Proper milking procedures and hygiene are critical to mastitis prevention. A 10 step program including teat dipping, equipment maintenance, and monitoring somatic cell counts can help control mastitis on dairy farms.
Mastitis
Mastitis is an inflammatory disease of the mammary gland caused mainly by bacterial infections entering through the teat canal. It can be clinical or subclinical and affects milk production and quality. Diagnosis involves somatic cell counts, California Mastitis Test, and culture of milk samples. Treatment depends on causative organism but includes intramammary antibiotics and supportive therapies. Prevention focuses on proper milking hygiene, teat dipping, dry cow therapy, and culling chronically infected cows. Unaddressed mastitis poses economic losses to dairy operations.
Clean Milk Production Practices and its Management in India by Sunil Meena
Milk is the main product from a dairy enterprise, produced basically as food for human consumption. A dairy farmer must, therefore, aim at maximising on milk output from his/her dairy herd. At the same time the farmer must ensure that milk is produced in clean and hygienic conditions so that it is fit for human consumption.
From public’s health point of view, milk is a very good media for bacterial and other micro-organisms development. As such, disease hazard in public can easily be predisposed by infected milk during production, handling and marketing.
Clean Milk Production Practices
Source Hygiene and Preparations
Check for mastitis with a strip cup or any other method.
Isolate sick animals and milk them last (Their milk should not be mixed with good milk).
Wash udder, teats and flank of the animal with clean water preferably add a disinfectant. Wipe with a clean cloth.
Always groom and cut the hair around the under.
Dispose fore-milk
Tie tails of troublesome animals when milking.
Milker’s Hygiene
Milker should: –
Be healthy and clean
Maintain short fingernails and hair cut (ladies can cover their heads when milking as guard to falling hair)
Avoid smoking during milking time.
Be quick and efficient
Milk continuously (no interruptions).
Milking Environment
The shed can be permanent or movable
Where possible provide a cement floor for easy and proper cleaning.
Water should drain easily and away from the shed
Provide a clean feed trough, water trough and protected store.
There should be a good source of water nearby
The shed should be located away from bad smells and odours
It should be cleaned after every milking
Livestock should not have access to the shed during the day
Utensils
a. Types
Use seamless utensils preferably aluminium or stainless steel
Use cans, sufurias or metal buckets in milking
Provide a good washing place
Washing procedure
Rinse excess milk with cold and clean water
Scrub with a brush using hot water mixed with a detergent e.g. soap or detergent
Rinse with cold water and place the utensils to dry on a rack upside down during the day.
c. Storage
Utensils should be stored at night in a safe and clean place, which is well ventilated.
Milking
a. Preparation
Do not excite the animals
Regularize milking intervals
b. Method
Squeeze the teat and do not pull.
All milk should be got from the under i.e. avoid incomplete milking
Use a teat dip after milking
Milk Handling
a. Filtering
Use a white filter cloth
Filter immediately after milking
Disinfect, wash and dry the filter cloth after use
b. Storage
Store milk in cool and clean place
The room used to store milk should without other materials such as chemicals and should also be lockable.
c. Marketing or Disposal
Milk should be delivered to the market as soon as possible
It is advisable to delivery milk early in the morning and evening to avoid hot periods of the day.
Bovine-Mastitis.ppt
Bovine mastitis is an inflammation of the mammary gland typically caused by bacterial infection. Some key causes include intramammary infection from bacteria, mycoplasma, fungi, or algae. Mechanical, thermal, or chemical trauma can also make the udder more susceptible to infection. Mastitis poses major economic losses for dairy farmers due to reduced milk production and quality, treatment costs, and early cow replacement. Proper milking hygiene and dry cow treatment are important for prevention and control of mastitis.
Clean milk production
Clean milk production is important for dairy farmer profitability. It involves collecting milk from healthy cows in a clean environment to minimize contamination. Key steps include proper animal housing and hygiene, milker hygiene, cleaning milking equipment, rapid cooling of milk, and disinfecting cow udders before milking. This reduces bacterial growth and allows for safe human consumption and production of high quality dairy products.
Clean milk production
Clean milk production is important for dairy farmer profitability. It involves collecting milk from healthy cows in a clean environment to minimize contamination. Key steps include proper animal housing and hygiene, milker hygiene, cleaning milking equipment, rapid cooling of milk, and disinfecting cow udders before milking. This reduces bacterial growth and allows for safe human consumption and production of high quality dairy products.
MASTITIES OF COW
Mastitis in Cows: Causes, Symptoms, Prevention, and Treatment. Mastitis is an inflammation of the mammary gland in cows, often caused by bacterial infections. It leads to reduced milk production and quality, higher veterinary costs, and welfare concerns. Early detection, milking hygiene, environmental management, and vaccination are key prevention strategies. Treatment includes targeted antibiotic therapy and supportive care. Proper mastitis management ensures healthier and more productive dairy herds. Mastitis in Cows: Causes, Symptoms, Prevention, and Treatment. Mastitis is an inflammation of the mammary gland in cows, often caused by bacterial infections. It leads to reduced milk production and quality, higher veterinary costs, and welfare concerns. Early detection, milking hygiene, environmental management, and vaccination are key prevention strategies. Treatment includes targeted antibiotic therapy and supportive care. Proper mastitis management ensures healthier and more productive dairy herds
Microflora of raw milk, sources of milk contamination and their control.
This document discusses the microflora found in raw milk and methods for controlling milk contamination. It begins by introducing milk and its nutritional properties. It then describes the various microorganisms commonly found in raw milk, including both harmless and potentially pathogenic bacteria. The primary sources of milk contamination on farms and during processing are explained. Control methods focus on cleanliness of animals, milking equipment, storage and processing facilities. Preservation techniques to limit bacterial growth include pasteurization, refrigeration, freezing, drying, and adding preservatives. Proper application of good manufacturing practices and hazard analysis critical control point guidelines are emphasized for effective contamination control.
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Bovine mastitis
Bovine mastitis is a bacterial infection of dairy cow udders that is caused by various bacteria like Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus uberis. It occurs when bacteria invade the teat canal and cause inflammation and damage to the mammary gland. Mastitis can be identified by abnormalities in milk like clots or a watery appearance, or signs of swelling, heat, redness, and hardness in the udder. It is usually transmitted via contact with contaminated milking equipment or materials. Proper hygiene, treatment with antibiotics, and culling of chronically infected cows can help control mastitis.
Mastitis Management and Prevention
This document provides information on mastitis management and prevention. It discusses the structure of the mammary gland and defines mastitis as an inflammation of the mammary gland typically caused by bacteria. It notes that mastitis is the most costly disease in the dairy industry. It describes clinical versus subclinical mastitis and explains that subclinical mastitis has the greatest financial losses. It provides details on mastitis prevention including hygiene, environmental management, milking procedures, dry cow treatment, vaccination, and culture testing to identify causative bacteria and guide treatment decisions.
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Bovine mastitis is a bacterial infection cause by a number of bacteria such as Bacteria that are known to cause mastitis include:
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Staphylococcus aureus
Staphylococcus epidermidis
Streptococcus uberis
Proper Dry-Off Procedures to Prevent New Infections and Cure Existing Cases o...
The document provides information on proper dry-off procedures to prevent new intramammary infections and cure existing cases of mastitis. It discusses the physiology of the dry period and increased susceptibility to infection. Key recommendations include treating all quarters of all cows (blanket dry cow therapy) with antibiotics and sometimes also using internal teat sealants. Proper techniques for infusing antibiotics and sealants are important to avoid introducing bacteria. Management factors like nutrition, housing, and length of the dry period can also impact mastitis risk. Vaccination against environmental pathogens may provide additional protection against new infections.
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Bovine Mastitis mechanism pathogenesis prevention care and treatment and clas...
This document discusses bovine mastitis, which is an inflammation of the udder or mammary gland in dairy cattle, usually due to bacterial infection. It can be clinical, with visible signs like swollen or hot udders producing clotted milk, or subclinical, without visible signs but reducing milk production. Mastitis is common worldwide and costly to the dairy industry. It is usually caused by contagious bacteria that spread from cow to cow, or environmental bacteria picked up from the cows' surroundings. The document outlines methods of diagnosis, treatment involving antibiotics and supportive therapies, and prevention through good milking hygiene and management practices.
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This document summarizes mastitis, an inflammation of the mammary gland and udder tissue in dairy cattle. It is usually caused by bacterial infection entering through the teat canal. Common bacteria that cause mastitis include Streptococcus agalactiae, Streptococcus dysgalactiae, Staphylococcus aureus, E. coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Symptoms include changes to the udder like swelling and milk like flakes or pus. Mastitis results in economic losses due to reduced milk yield and quality, extra labor and veterinary costs, and premature culling of infected cows. Prevention focuses on hygienic milking practices and dry cow therapy with antibiotics to treat infections.
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Pseudomonas aeruginosa
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Mastitis Affects on Profitability
Mastitis Infection
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Mastitis Affects on Milk Composition
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2) How somatic cell counts impact milk quality from the farm to the processing plant, affecting yields, shelf life, and the consumer. Reducing mastitis is key to high quality dairy products.
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This document discusses various methods for testing for adulteration in milk and milk products. It outlines common types of adulteration like watering down, adding starch or fat, and use of preservatives, colors, or chemicals. It then describes specific tests that can be used to detect each type of adulteration, including testing for starch addition using iodine, testing for preservative use using resorcinol, and testing for water addition by measuring the freezing point. The document emphasizes that accurate testing is important to ensure quality and safety of milk.
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This document describes the male reproductive anatomy of bulls. It discusses the structures and functions of the testes and epididymides, including sperm production and maturation. It also outlines the anatomy of the penis and associated structures like the seminal vesicles, prostate and vas deferens. Key parts of the male reproductive tract discussed are the seminiferous tubules in the testes where sperm are produced, the epididymis where sperm mature and are stored, and the penis and its role in copulation.
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The document discusses modern meat processing techniques including comminution, curing, and mixing. It describes how comminution through mincing, milling, chopping, and flaking helps create uniform meat products and improves texture. Curing techniques like massaging, tumbling, and mixing impart mechanical energy to extract proteins and enhance tenderness. Various machines are used for each processing technique.
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This document discusses sterilization procedures for dogs and cats. It describes castration in dogs, which involves removing the testicles. The main indications for castration are preventing breeding, making the animal more domesticated, and treating medical issues. It provides details on the surgical technique and complications. For female dogs and cats, it discusses ovariohysterectomy, which is the removal of the ovaries and uterus. The main indications for this procedure are preventing pregnancy and reducing health risks. It provides surgical anatomy, technique, complications, and post-operative care considerations.
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This document discusses proper livestock shelter management. It explains that shelter is important for all animals and outlines some objectives of shelter management, including protecting animals from adverse environments, predators, and disease. It provides considerations for selecting shelter locations, such as accessibility to roads, water supply, and labor. Different space requirements are outlined for various types and ages of livestock. Overall, the key aspects of shelter management discussed are providing security, cleanliness, comfortable surfaces, adequate ventilation, and separate spaces tailored to different animals' needs.
dudh ko ghirtans test.pptxnbz cnz zmnxc mncb
1) The document discusses the Gerber Fat Testing method, which is commonly used to determine the fat content of milk through a chemical process.
2) The method involves mixing milk with hydrochloric acid and amyl alcohol in a centrifugal tube, which separates the fat globules from the other components.
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This document provides guidelines for selecting breeding stock for livestock farming in Nepal. Some key points:
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The document discusses OIE standards, which are codes and manuals created by the World Organization for Animal Health (OIE) to provide guidelines for international trade of animals and animal products. The standards help monitor diseases, prevent cross-border spread, and define requirements for disease diagnosis and vaccine production. They are developed through expert review and country delegate voting. The standards consist of Terrestrial and Aquatic Codes that address issues like disease reporting and trade measures, as well as matching manuals that describe diagnostic techniques. A One Health approach integrating human, animal, and environmental sectors is important for controlling zoonotic diseases at the human-animal interface.
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This document discusses the clinical management of infectious and non-infectious causes of abortion in cattle. It outlines various non-infectious causes including nutritional deficiencies, heat stress, trauma, and toxins. For infectious causes, it describes the characteristic placental lesions and management for common bacterial (brucellosis, campylobacteriosis, leptospirosis), viral (IBR, BVD, epizootic bovine abortion), protozoal (trichomoniasis, neospora), and mycotic (aspergillosis) abortifacients. The document stresses the importance of good nutrition, disease control, and appropriate treatment and supportive therapy for abortion cases.
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Bacillus anthracis causes anthrax, which affects wild and domestic herbivores as well as humans. The bacterium forms spores that can survive in soil for decades. Animals and humans become infected through contact with infected animals or contaminated animal products. The spores enter the body through inhalation, ingestion, or abrasions and germinate into vegetative bacteria that produce lethal and edema toxins. These toxins cause hemorrhage, edema, and death. Diagnosis involves demonstrating the organism from blood or spleen samples. Treatment includes antibiotics and supportive care, while control relies on vaccination, quarantine, and proper disposal of infected carcasses.
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留信网认证的作用:
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3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
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5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
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一、工作未确定，回国需先给父母、亲戚朋友看下文凭的情况，办理一份就读学校的毕业证【微信号:176555708】文凭即可
二、回国进私企、外企、自己做生意的情况，这些单位是不查询毕业证真伪的，而且国内没有渠道去查询国外文凭的真假，也不需要提供真实教育部认证。鉴于此，办理一份毕业证【微信号:176555708】即可
三、进国企，银行，事业单位，考公务员等等，这些单位是必需要提供真实教育部认证的，办理教育部认证所需资料众多且烦琐，所有材料您都必须提供原件，我们凭借丰富的经验，快捷的绿色通道帮您快速整合材料，让您少走弯路。
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
留信网服务项目：
1、留学生专业人才库服务（留信分析）
2、国（境）学习人员提供就业推荐信服务
3、留学人员区块链存储服务
【关于价格问题（保证一手价格）】
我们所定的价格是非常合理的，而且我们现在做得单子大多数都是代理和回头客户介绍的所以一般现在有新的单子 我给客户的都是第一手的代理价格，因为我想坦诚对待大家 不想跟大家在价格方面浪费时间
对于老客户或者被老客户介绍过来的朋友，我们都会适当给一些优惠。
选择实体注册公司办理，更放心，更安全！我们的承诺：客户在留信官方认证查询网站查询到认证通过结果后付款，不成功不收费！
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Class_8_Mastitis_.pptx
- 3. Health Concerns Animal health • Loss of functional quarter • Lowered milk production • Death of cow Human health • Poor quality milk • Antibiotic residues in milk
- 6. Etiology • Bacteria ( ~ 70%) • Yeasts and molds ( ~ 2%) • Unknown ( ~ 28%) physical trauma & weather extremes BACTERIA • Streptococci:- S. Uberis, S. Dysgalactiae, S. agalactiae • Staphylococci :- Staph. aureus (Summer mastitis) Spread by milking equipment and milker’s hands • Coliforms :- E. coli, Klebsiella, Environmental source (manure, bedding, floors and cows) Coliforms cause acute clinical mastitis - high temp, and inflamed quarter, watery milk with clots and pus, toxemia Other organisms:- Pseudomonas aeruginosa Corynebacterium pyogenes Fungi:- Candida,Mycoplasma bovis
- 11. Treatment • Antibiotic:- Parental & Intramammary • Strip quarter frequently • Oxytocin inj • Corticosteroid • NSAID • Topical anti-inflammatory • Other symptomatic treatment Discard milk from treated cows
- 12. CONTROL ONE: • Prepare cows properly for milking • Udder preparation is pre-dipping.Pre-dips lower the risk of new infections by 70% • Chlorhexidine 0.2% • Use single service paper towels, dry teats before machine-application. TWO: • Milking equipment should be functioning properly and regularly cleaned and maintained • Attach teat cups after thorough cleaning and drying of teats Provide stable vacuum Check for slipping of teat cup
- 13. CONTROL THREE: • Apply and remove machine carefully • Remove machine when cow is milked out • shut off vacuum before removal. FOUR: • Dip each teat after each milking using a germicidal teat dip. • Post-dips seal the teat ends temporarily for 6 to 8 hours FIVE: • Monitor your mastitis score • Take action when significant increases occur.
- 14. CONTROL SIX: • Treat clinical cows, treat aseptically. • Withhold treated cows' milk from milk supply. SEVEN: • Segregate chronic mastitis cows, milk them last, cull when necessary. • cows with chronic mastitis serve as reservoirs of organisms and could infect susceptible cows EIGHT: • Dry each quarter using partial insertion techniques with an approved dry cow treatment at drying off. • Lowers the risk of clinical and subclinical mastitis during subsequent lactation NINE: • Keep cows clean, udders free from soil and manure. • Fence off wet, swampy areas. • Keep calving areas clean, properly bedded (straw preferred). TEN: Properly feed and care for cows.