Borneo is the third largest island in the world, located north of Java in Indonesia. It is divided among three countries - Brunei, Indonesia and Malaysia, with approximately 73% of the island under Indonesian control. Borneo is home to one of the oldest rainforests in the world. The document then discusses the remote village of Bario in the Kelabit Highlands of Borneo, which has around 800 inhabitants and can only be accessed by small planes twice daily, as well as its cultural traditions and changing ways due to youth migration and new internet access.

1. Location of Borneo
Borneo is the third largest island in the world and
is located north of Java Island, Indonesia. The
island is divided among three countries: Brunei,
Indonesia and Malaysia. Approximately 73% of
the island is Indonesian territory. Borneo is home
to one of the oldest rainforests in the world.

2. Key facts
• The main settlement of Bario in the Kelabit highlands is
studied.
• 800 inhabitants.
• 2 main economic motors-rice production and tourism.
• Farmers get £300 a year for producing rice.
• There is no road to Bario. The only way in/out is by
Twin Otter planes which fly in twice a day.
• Local transport consists of 6 pickup trucks
• In the upper Kelabit villages, buffalo is used to
transport people.

3. Continued…
• Jungle is the peoples supermarket-food and
culture festival
• Due to the festival the number of tourists has
increases by 80%

4. Changing Culture
• Most of the youth move to the cities meaning
that there is an elderly population in many
villages in the Kelabit highlands.
• The University of Malaysia has set up a project to
make villagers less isolated from the rest of the
world by providing them with internet.
• Bario now has satellite connection and there own
website.
• The Malaysian government has given 60,000
hectares of the Pulong Tau National Park to
Samling-2nd biggest logging company in Malaysia.

5. Kapawi Eco-lodge
• Energy comes from solar panels.
• Water is purified from the lagoon.
• Guests use biodegradable toiletries, so waste
water is free of toxins.
• The external boardwalks are unlit at night so
that nocturnal animals are not disturbed.

6. Key Facts
• 320km of unbroken canopy.
• 20,000 species of plant.
• 600 species of bird.
• The Kapawi Eco-lodge will be studied.
• It lies in the remotest areas of the Ecuadorian Amazon.
• 37 local staff.
• The Achuar tribe are the indigenous people and run
the lodge.
• There is a lack of funding for the lodge due to Perez,
the millionaire who pumped money into it dieing.
• The Pachamama Foundation is helping the lodge.

7. Threats
• Land is under threat from foreign TNC’s who
want oil.
• Just across the border, the Peruvian Achuar
has been turned into a dumping site for toxic
wastes from oil extraction.