This document compares ecotourism in Borneo, Malaysia and the Amazon rainforest in Brazil. It discusses the definitions of ecotourism and reasons for choosing these two locations, which both have rich biodiversity as tropical rainforests. For Borneo, it highlights attractions like Mount Kinabalu and Kinabatangan River in Sabah and Gunung Mulu National Park and Rajang River in Sarawak. In the Amazon, it notes the diversity of species and rivers like the Amazon. The document then analyzes differences in management approaches, local community involvement, and makes recommendations like improving waste management and emphasizing environmental education.

1. ECOTOURISM :
COMPARISON BETWEEN
BORNEO (MALAYSIA) &
AMAZON (BRAZIL)

2.  What is Ecotourism?
 Responsible travel to natural areas that conserves the
environment and improves the well-being of local people (The
International Ecotourism Society).
 Why we choose Ecotourism?
 To investigate why ecotourism currently become one of the
famous tourism trend; especially by the young adult
traveller/tourist (they attracted to the wonderful and amazing scenery)
 Because it is related with Universiti Malaysia Sabah (UMS) for
the EcoCampus branding
 UMS is the first university in Malaysia that introduce the ecotourism
package in campus through the launching of EcoCampus Visitor
Information Centre (EVIC)
INTRODUCTION

4. BORNEO, MALAYSIA
vs
AMAZON, BRAZIL
 Reason to choose Borneo & Amazon:
 Easy to compare; both of these places are the famous tropical
rainforest in the world which have almost similar flora & fauna
 Rich with the natural wildlife; one of the focus destination and
attraction for those who love to do the ecotourism
 Borneo is the 3rd largest island in the world, after Greenland and
New Guinea and is roughly one-sixth of the territory of the
Amazon rainforest

5. AMAZON
BORNEO

6. OBJECTIVES
 To identify the different management in
ecotourism at Borneo-Malaysia and Amazon
rainforest
 To make a comparison on how different the
ecotourism takes place in both places.
 To identify the problems and challenges
faced by ecotourism especially in these
places
 To discuss on how to fix these challenges &
provide the solutions

7. BACKGROUND OF THE PLACE : BORNEO MALAYSIA
 Including Malaysia, Indonesia & Brunei
 Divided by two states which is Sabah and Sarawak except the small
island federal territory of Labuan
 Sabah or “Land below the wind” has an equatorial climate with
tropical rainforests and abundant animal and plant species
 TOP PLACES:
 Kinabatangan River (the second longest river in Malaysia runs
through Sabah)
 Mount Kinabalu (the highest point of Sabah & Malaysia)
 Sea & beautiful island (such as Mabul island, Bohey Dulang)
 Sarawak or “Land of the Hornbills” (Malay: Bumi Kenyalang) is
located in northwest Borneo
 Bordered by the state of Sabah to the northeast, Kalimantan to the
south, and Brunei in the northwest
 TOP PLACES:
 Gunung Mulu National Park
 Rajang River (the longest river in Malaysia)
 The Bakun Dam (new attraction for the ecotourism; one of the
largest dams in Southeast Asia)
 Mount Murud (the highest point in Sarawak)
S
A
B
A
H
S
A
R
A
W
A
K

9. Mount Kinabalu and Kinabatangan River
Gunung Mulu National Park, Rajang River and Bakun Dam

10. BACKGROUND OF THE PLACE:
AMAZON RAINFOREST, BRAZIL
 The Amazon rainforest; (in English: Amazonia or the Amazon Jungle) is a moist
broadleaf forest in the Amazon biome that covers most of the Amazon basin
of South America.
 The basin encompasses 7,000,000 square kilometres, of which 5,500,000
square kilometres are covered by the rainforest.
 The region includes teritory belonging to nine nations; the majority of the
forest is contained within Brazil, with 60% of the rainforest, followed by Peru
with 13%, Columbia with 10%, and the minor amounts in Venezuela,
Ecuador, Bolivia, Guyana, Suriname and French Guiana
 Represents over half of the planet’s remaining rainforests, with an estimated
390 billion individual trees divided in 16,000 species
 This constitutes the largest collection of living plants and animal species in
the world

12. Blue Poison
Frog
Bullet Ant Jaguar Uakari
One of the 16,000 species
tree in Amazon rainforest
Amazon River the largest
river in South America

13. •This will show their main achievement in the field of
forestry in implementing conservation of biodiversity
in flora and fauna and forest landscape in Borneo-
Malaysia (Sabah and Sarawak) and also acts as main
information resources to peoples for give awareness
on efforts to conserve our forest in this country.
In Borneo-
Malaysia is
Information
Centre Atrium
“Heart of Borneo”
•This will explain more details about Amazon
rainforest and this is a cross-border cooperation
between nine region country such as Brazil, Peru,
Colombia, Bolivia, Ecuador, Guyana, Venezuala, Suriname
and French Guiana.
•This centre provide you to choose from where you
can access and create experience about the Amazon
rainforest and also give their opinion and suggestion
about the easier access and greater range of options
(both river cruising and lodges).
In Amazon
rainforest is
known as South
America Travel
Information
Centre (SATIC).
 Information Centre
RESULT AND DISCUSSION

14.  Solid Waste Management
• Borneo-Malaysia are cleaner as well as the management of
ecotourism in terms of solid waste is more effective.
• Kinabalu Park in Ranau Sabah has provided the dustbin along
the climbing road and resting hut for climber in order to
avoid a dirty and unpleasant smell of the environment. They
also provide different dustbin at Laban rata to encourage
people to do 3R: Recycle, Reduce and Reuse.
• It is also the same at Gunung Mulu National Park at Sarawak
where the management also provide the dustbin along the
road to make the environment look clean and maintained

15. • In Amazon Rainforest, the solid waste management is different and
opposite with Borneo-Malaysia
• Based on the news, Brazil produces massive amounts of solid waste
recently.
• Everyday Brazil produces 161,000 tons on waste and only two
percent is recycled.
• Actually, recycling has been difficult for Brazil because it is only 62
percent of the population that have access to garbage collection.
• The two percent recycled waste is only containing of aluminium
waste only; as they cannot afford to recycle the plastic waste.
• This is happen because of the lack of methods for environmental
education of residents and deconstruction of the landfill.
• Affect the environment especially at the river, forest and the sea

16.  Management Model
•The ecotourism in Sabah and Sarawak handle by Ministry
of Tourism Malaysia and Department of Wildlife and
National Parks Sabah and Sarawak (Perhilitan).
•For the national park this department also assisted by
National Parks of Sabah and Sarawak.
•Many places that provide the ecotourism package
especially national parks must pay the ticket first to enter
the place. For example, Universiti Malaysia Sabah (UMS).
Borneo
Malaysia
•Ecotourism is handled by Government of Brazil and
assisted by World Wildlife Fund (WWF).
•WWF promotes biodiversity conservation and the
sustainable use of natural resources in the Amazon.
•Many guide and tour is provided for the tourist in Amazon.
•The activities that they have are river cruise, jungle tracking
and visit the national park such as Anavilhanas
Archipelago.
Amazon
Rainforest

17.  Involvement of Local Communities
• Kinabalu Parks in Borneo-Malaysia, local people working as guides
hoteliers and the security sector.
• All climbers that had registered must get at least one guide for a
maximum of six climbers.
• At this time, the total of tour guide is 185 people and all of them live
around the park and they are of aboriginal groups that called
Kadazan which is Sabah's largest ethnic group.
• Besides being a tour guide, they also worked as a porter carrying
luggage, food and other necessities to the base camp at Laban Rata

18.  In Amazon, the people of Amerindians make regular trips to
towns and cities to bring foods and their goods for sale on the
market.
 The Government of Ecuador, the organizations and the
communities in Ecuador finally opened their eyes to maintain
the survival of the Huaorani.
 For example, the Tropic Eco, support the existence of
Huaorani people and being a founder of the tour operator
which is called Huaorani Eco Lodge.
 In this lodge, they offer tour packages for the visitors to have
the opportunity to stay with the Huaorani people and
experience their way of life.
 It is operated by Huaorani villagers; among the most isolated
ethnic villages in the world.
 Here, the guests will interact with Huaorani people, learning
how to climb trees, use a blowgun, and be part of a 2-day
journey down the Shiripuno River.

20. POLICY RECOMMENDATIONS
1) Issues and Challenges of Environmental Management
Employ local people in order to collect and take away
the solid waste
Find private companies or new systems that can
efficiently manage the solid waste
SOLID WASTE
MANAGEMENT
INFORMATION
CENTRE
The information center should be open more often
and can be access easily
The importance of the ecosystem and why it should
be protected must be emphasized to the tourists

21. 2) Issues and Challenges for Socio-Economic
POLICY RECOMMENDATIONS
To generate a sustainable income, income of these places
must not simply depend on annual funding from the
Federal Government
Charging an entry fee is recommended;
 Local residents (for example; Malaysia citizen and Amazon
citizen) will be charged a minimum fee
 Foreign tourists are charged more because they are more
affordable
WHY?
Hong (2013) noted that people do not appreciate the
things that are given for free.

22.  To summarize, the comparison in the management of ecotourism in
Borneo and Amazon show significant differences.
 There are many gaps that need to be addressed for example in the
development of environmental education.
 NGOs can help the management of the rainforests in training the
environmental education to the local communities.
 The environmental education may also informed to the tourists in
order to give them a little bit knowledge about the importance of
environmental care, not only in these rainforests but also in any type
of places.
CONCLUSION

23. THANK YOU FOR
YOUR ATTENTION!
ANY QUESTION?