This document provides information about bloodborne pathogens and the risks of exposure to diseases like HIV, hepatitis B, and hepatitis C. It defines bloodborne pathogens and explains how they are transmitted. It discusses occupational risk factors, personal risk factors, the three necessary factors for disease transmission, and precautions one can take to prevent exposure like proper handwashing and use of personal protective equipment. Key points covered include the symptoms and transmission methods of HIV, hepatitis B, and hepatitis C as well as vaccination for hepatitis B.

2. Why am I Here Today?
To learn about against exposure to bloodborne
diseases in my rotations.

3. Bloodborne Pathogen Definition
Bloodborne: carried in blood
Pathogens: microbes that cause disease
Bloodborne Pathogens: germs carried in the
blood

4. Occupational Risk Factors
First aid, nurse, ect
Cleaning body fluid spills
Monitoring altercations

5. Communicable Disease
Transmission
Airborne- through
the air
Direct/Indirect- direct
contact, or you touched
a surface
Waterborne
Food borne- from food
Fecal / Oral
Bloodborne- blood or
body secretions

6. Personal Risk Factors
Unprotected sexual contact
Sharing used needles
drug use razors
body piercing toothbrushes
tattooing
Perinatal- can be passed from mother to child during
pregnancy

7. Unlikely Sources of Contamination
Feces
Urine
Vomit
Nasal Secretions
Sputum
Sweat
Tears
Saliva

8. You Cannot become Infected
with these bloodborne viruses
through Casual Contact
Coughing
Sneezing
A kiss on the cheek
Hugging or shaking hands
Drinking fountains
Food

9. Three Things Necessary
1. Person must be infected
2. Port of exit
1. Port of entry

10. Occupational Risk Factors
Contact with infectious body fluids to
broken skin
Contact with infectious body fluids to
mucous membranes
Puncture wounds with used needles

11. Primary Bloodborne Diseases
Hepatitis B(HBV)
Hepatitis C(HCV)
Human Immunodeficiency
Virus (HIV)

12. H - human
I - immunodeficiency
V - virus
A - acquired
I - immuno
D - deficiency
S - syndrome

13. HIV/ AIDS transmission facts
Attacks the immune system
1cc of blood 300-10,000 viral particles
Dies when fluid dries
tale antiretroviral meds within 3 days after exposure
No vaccine
No cure
Recovery Rare
HIV is the virus that leads to AIDS
HIV depletes the T cells which allows easy infection.
HIV does not survive well outside the body
No threat on contracting HIV
through casual contact

14. Those nasty viruses
DNA or RNA in protein protective coating
very small.
100 times smaller than bacteria
cant reproduce on its own, needs a host.
uses your cells machinery to make copies of
itself until cell dies then off to another cell

15. Hepatitis: Inflammation of the
Liver
Types of Viral Hepatitis
Hepatitis A--feels like flu with jaundice, found in
stool that can get into food/water. vaccination
available. mostly happens overseas, 3rd world.
Hepatitis B--incubates several months then itchy,
aches, jaundice, maybe liver cirrosis. blood or body
fluid transfer. vaccinate. usual recovery unless very
young age.
Hepatitis C--no vaccine. initially asymptomatic then
chronic, may need transplant. humans and chimps
only. very small virus. blood to blood transfer.

16. HBV Symptoms- Hep B
May or may not exhibit symptoms
May be unaware they are contagious
Flu-like symptoms – fatigue, weight loss, fever,
diarrhea
May require hospitalization
Blood and other body fluids are infected

17. Hepatitis B Virus (HBV)
Unprotected sex & sharing needles
Strong virus can live up to one week outside of the
body
likely recover when acute--only meds if goes chronic
1cc of blood contains 100,000,000 viral particles
Treatment (No Cure)

18. Those who should be tested for
HBV, HIV, HCV
People with multiple sex partners
People with an infected steady partner
Anyone post needle stick

19. Hepatitis B Vaccination
Three injections over 6 months
Booster doses are not recommended.
80 - 95% effective after series is completed

20. Hepatitis B Vaccination Most
Common Side Effect
Slight soreness at the injection site (17%)
More serious reactions may occur in 1% of
vaccinations given

21. Hepatitis C Virus (HCV)
Most common bloodborne infection in US
More concentrated than HIV
Most people have no symptoms but may get HAV
HBV symptoms. need blood test to verify.
No Vaccine
No effective post-exposure prophylaxis
Treatment effective in 15 - 30 % with interferon
85% develop chronic infection
Leading indication for liver transplants

22. short discussion:
tell your neighbor the difference of
HIV, hep B Hep C

23. Standard Precautions
An approach to infection control where all human
body fluids of all persons are treated as if known to
be infectious for communicable diseases

24. Personal Protective Equipment
Gloves- demonstration
disposable
utility
Goggles
Gowns

25. Use of Disposable Gloves
Think about what you touch while your wearing
them!
Properly dispose of contaminated gloves in the trash.
Wash hands after using them.
Waterless hand cleaner as temporary measure only.

26. Handwashing
THE SINGLE MOST EFFECTIVE BARRIER TO
PREVENT THE TRANSFER OF GERMS is to use soap
and running water. Scrub for at least 30 seconds,
rinse well, dry with paper towel (use to turn off
faucet)

27. Types of Waste Found in School
Setting
Sharps containers
Regulated waste
Contaminated but not regulated

28. Exposure Incident
a specific eye, mouth , other mucous membrane, non-
intact skin, or parenteral (contaminated needles and
sharp instruments), contact with blood or other
potentially infectious materials that results from the
performance of an employee’s duties.

29. Exposure Incident
How they occur in the hospital environment
Personal protective equipment failure
Equipment may not be readily available
Employee may not know how to use equipment
Employee may choose not to use equipment
Failure of protective equipment

30. What Should I Do If I Have An
Accidental Contact With Body
Fluids?
Wash area thoroughly with soap and warm water
Contact Mrs. Hoffman or Dr. Pate immediately!!!!
Report to supervisor

31. table buddy talk
your buddy cant figure out how to
explain a virus.
but you can… so explain it

32. Quiz ---- true or false
Blood is the single most important source of
HIV, HBV and HCV in the work place.
People infected with HBV do recover
There are vaccines to prevent HBV

33. HBV, HCV, and HIV spread most easily
through contact with contaminated blood.
You can be exposed to BBP at work if blood or
other infectious material contacts your broken
skin or mucous membranes.
Feces, urine & vomit can put you at risk of
exposure to BBP whether or not they contain
visible blood.

34. You need to wash your hands after removing gloves
only when you touched the contaminated side of the a
glove.
Hand washing is your main protection against the
spread of infection
HBV can survive in dried blood on surfaces for at least
one week
Universal Precautions were developed to prevent the
transmission of BBP when providing first aid and
health care.

35. Always use a pocket mask or other
respiratory device when you have to
resuscitate someone in an emergency.
It is not advisable to encourage victims to
administer their own first aid.
An athlete who is injured and bleeding
should stop play immediately and have the
wound cleaned and bandaged before
returning to game
Most exposures to blood result in infection

36. exit ticket
write on the index card…..
something that is scary or interesting
you learned about these viruses.