The document discusses biosafety measures for COVID-19 infections. It describes how the virus spreads through respiratory droplets from infected individuals. Protective measures include frequent hand washing, cleaning and disinfecting surfaces, proper disposal of waste, and maintaining distance from others. Personal protective equipment is important for healthcare workers to avoid infection. Isolation of infected individuals and cleaning/disinfection of living areas exposed to the virus are also discussed.
Cholera is devastating diarrheal disease caused by V. Cholerae that has been responsible for seven global pandemics.
Epidemic cholera remains a significant public health concern in the developing world today.
Rabies is a viral disease that causes acute encephalitis
(inflammation of the brain) in warm blooded animals. Rabies is a zoonotic disease (a disease that is transmitted to humans from animals) that is caused by a virus
Zoonoses (Greek “zoon” = animal) are the diseases or infections that are naturally transmissible from vertebrate animals to humans. This group of infections constitutes significant burdens on global public health. The World Health Organisation (WHO) estimates that 25% of the total 57 million annual deaths that occur globally are caused by microbes with a major proportion occurring in the developing world (Chugh, 2008). Of total identified 1,415 species of infectious organisms known to be pathogenic to humans (including 217 viruses and prions, 538 bacteria and rickettsia, 307 fungi, 66 protozoa and 287 helminths), zoonotic agents constitute 868 (61%), with humans serving as the primary reservoir for only 3% of them. Of the 175 diseases considered to be emerging, 132 (75%) are zoonotic in origin (Taylor et al., 2001). In low income countries, established and emerging zoonoses make up 26 % of the DALYs (Disability-adjusted life year) lost to infectious disease and 10 % of the total DALYs lost. In contrast, in high income countries it represent < 1 % of DALYs lost to infectious disease and only 0.02 % of the total disease burden (Grace et al., 2012).
Vectors are living organisms that can transmit infectious diseases between humans or from animals to humans. Vector-borne diseases are infections transmitted by the bite of infected arthropod species, such as mosquitoes, ticks, triatomine bugs, flies, fleas, sandflies, and blackflies (Confalonieri et al., 2007). Among these mosquitoes are the best known disease transmission vectors for many of the fatal and diseases of economic burden. Vector-borne diseases account for 17% of the estimated global burden of all infectious diseases (CDC, 2014). Every year > 1 billion people are infected and > 1 million people die from vector-borne diseases including malaria, dengue, schistosomiasis, leishmaniasis, yellow fever, lymphatic filariasis, Japanese encephalitis and onchocerciasis. One sixth of the illness and disability suffered worldwide is due to vector-borne diseases with more than half the world’s population currently estimated to be at risk of these diseases. Global trade, rapid international travel, unsustainable urbanization, environmental changes such as climate change and emerging insecticidal and drug resistances, are causing vectors and vector-borne diseases to spread beyond borders (WHO, 2014).
meaning...classification...examples...causes....indications of endemic diseases. It provides general information as per the teaching materials for teachers
STERILISATION AND DISINFECTION QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERSMINANI Theobald
STERILISATION AND DISINFECRION IS MOST IMPORTANT IN PHARMACY FIELD WHILE SOME MEDICINES SUCH AS OPHTALMIC , INJECTION NEED TO BE STERILISED MAKING SURE THAT ALL HARMFUL MICROORAGNISM ARE KILLED . SO WHY STERILIZATION AND DISINFECTION IS ALMOST NECESSARY IN PHARMACY FIELD
This presentation includes definition, epidemiology, etiology, pathophysiology (life cycle), diagnosis, clinical features of uncomplicated & severe malaria and treatment of malaria.
Visit...
Medishared.org
You can get..
--- Premium Layest Released Medical Books
--- MBBS & M.D Examination papers with Answer Keys
--- Important Exam Helping Documents
--- Detaile Explained MCQs
--- MCQs Online Testing
And Much more than your expectation from website.
Cholera is devastating diarrheal disease caused by V. Cholerae that has been responsible for seven global pandemics.
Epidemic cholera remains a significant public health concern in the developing world today.
Rabies is a viral disease that causes acute encephalitis
(inflammation of the brain) in warm blooded animals. Rabies is a zoonotic disease (a disease that is transmitted to humans from animals) that is caused by a virus
Zoonoses (Greek “zoon” = animal) are the diseases or infections that are naturally transmissible from vertebrate animals to humans. This group of infections constitutes significant burdens on global public health. The World Health Organisation (WHO) estimates that 25% of the total 57 million annual deaths that occur globally are caused by microbes with a major proportion occurring in the developing world (Chugh, 2008). Of total identified 1,415 species of infectious organisms known to be pathogenic to humans (including 217 viruses and prions, 538 bacteria and rickettsia, 307 fungi, 66 protozoa and 287 helminths), zoonotic agents constitute 868 (61%), with humans serving as the primary reservoir for only 3% of them. Of the 175 diseases considered to be emerging, 132 (75%) are zoonotic in origin (Taylor et al., 2001). In low income countries, established and emerging zoonoses make up 26 % of the DALYs (Disability-adjusted life year) lost to infectious disease and 10 % of the total DALYs lost. In contrast, in high income countries it represent < 1 % of DALYs lost to infectious disease and only 0.02 % of the total disease burden (Grace et al., 2012).
Vectors are living organisms that can transmit infectious diseases between humans or from animals to humans. Vector-borne diseases are infections transmitted by the bite of infected arthropod species, such as mosquitoes, ticks, triatomine bugs, flies, fleas, sandflies, and blackflies (Confalonieri et al., 2007). Among these mosquitoes are the best known disease transmission vectors for many of the fatal and diseases of economic burden. Vector-borne diseases account for 17% of the estimated global burden of all infectious diseases (CDC, 2014). Every year > 1 billion people are infected and > 1 million people die from vector-borne diseases including malaria, dengue, schistosomiasis, leishmaniasis, yellow fever, lymphatic filariasis, Japanese encephalitis and onchocerciasis. One sixth of the illness and disability suffered worldwide is due to vector-borne diseases with more than half the world’s population currently estimated to be at risk of these diseases. Global trade, rapid international travel, unsustainable urbanization, environmental changes such as climate change and emerging insecticidal and drug resistances, are causing vectors and vector-borne diseases to spread beyond borders (WHO, 2014).
meaning...classification...examples...causes....indications of endemic diseases. It provides general information as per the teaching materials for teachers
STERILISATION AND DISINFECTION QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERSMINANI Theobald
STERILISATION AND DISINFECRION IS MOST IMPORTANT IN PHARMACY FIELD WHILE SOME MEDICINES SUCH AS OPHTALMIC , INJECTION NEED TO BE STERILISED MAKING SURE THAT ALL HARMFUL MICROORAGNISM ARE KILLED . SO WHY STERILIZATION AND DISINFECTION IS ALMOST NECESSARY IN PHARMACY FIELD
This presentation includes definition, epidemiology, etiology, pathophysiology (life cycle), diagnosis, clinical features of uncomplicated & severe malaria and treatment of malaria.
Visit...
Medishared.org
You can get..
--- Premium Layest Released Medical Books
--- MBBS & M.D Examination papers with Answer Keys
--- Important Exam Helping Documents
--- Detaile Explained MCQs
--- MCQs Online Testing
And Much more than your expectation from website.
COVID-19 I Coronavirus Disease I Harshit JadavHarshit Jadav
This presentation highlights all the basic information regarding the current pandemic COVID-19.
This presentation includes an introduction, recent stats, the structure of coronavirus, pathogenesis of coronavirus, diagnosis, treatment and preventive measures of COVID-19
What you need to know about
coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) What is coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)? How can I help protect myself? How does COVID-19 spread? Is there a vaccine? And other. https://counter-strike-download.procs.lt
Prevention and spread on corona posterGaurav Patil
This is a poster presentation on a topic name Covid-19: Spread and prevention. It includes a brief information about novel coronavirus spread and prevention in simple form.
There are various ways to stay away from the risk of exposure. These include isolation and quarantine, Personal Protective Equipments, social distancing, sanitization, and hand hygiene.
https://www.cognibrain.com/safety-and-preventive-measures-during-the-covid-19-pandemic/
Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) advice for the public: MythbustersKaushar Alam
It's is a presentation on coronavirus knowledge. How can you ignore the fake news on coronavirus? Follow the government & WHO instructions on coronavirus stay home.
Acute scrotum is a general term referring to an emergency condition affecting the contents or the wall of the scrotum.
There are a number of conditions that present acutely, predominantly with pain and/or swelling
A careful and detailed history and examination, and in some cases, investigations allow differentiation between these diagnoses. A prompt diagnosis is essential as the patient may require urgent surgical intervention
Testicular torsion refers to twisting of the spermatic cord, causing ischaemia of the testicle.
Testicular torsion results from inadequate fixation of the testis to the tunica vaginalis producing ischemia from reduced arterial inflow and venous outflow obstruction.
The prevalence of testicular torsion in adult patients hospitalized with acute scrotal pain is approximately 25 to 50 percent
New Directions in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for Older Adults With Mantl...i3 Health
i3 Health is pleased to make the speaker slides from this activity available for use as a non-accredited self-study or teaching resource.
This slide deck presented by Dr. Kami Maddocks, Professor-Clinical in the Division of Hematology and
Associate Division Director for Ambulatory Operations
The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, will provide insight into new directions in targeted therapeutic approaches for older adults with mantle cell lymphoma.
STATEMENT OF NEED
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounting for 5% to 7% of all lymphomas. Its prognosis ranges from indolent disease that does not require treatment for years to very aggressive disease, which is associated with poor survival (Silkenstedt et al, 2021). Typically, MCL is diagnosed at advanced stage and in older patients who cannot tolerate intensive therapy (NCCN, 2022). Although recent advances have slightly increased remission rates, recurrence and relapse remain very common, leading to a median overall survival between 3 and 6 years (LLS, 2021). Though there are several effective options, progress is still needed towards establishing an accepted frontline approach for MCL (Castellino et al, 2022). Treatment selection and management of MCL are complicated by the heterogeneity of prognosis, advanced age and comorbidities of patients, and lack of an established standard approach for treatment, making it vital that clinicians be familiar with the latest research and advances in this area. In this activity chaired by Michael Wang, MD, Professor in the Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma at MD Anderson Cancer Center, expert faculty will discuss prognostic factors informing treatment, the promising results of recent trials in new therapeutic approaches, and the implications of treatment resistance in therapeutic selection for MCL.
Target Audience
Hematology/oncology fellows, attending faculty, and other health care professionals involved in the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
Learning Objectives
1.) Identify clinical and biological prognostic factors that can guide treatment decision making for older adults with MCL
2.) Evaluate emerging data on targeted therapeutic approaches for treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory MCL and their applicability to older adults
3.) Assess mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies for MCL and their implications for treatment selection
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
New Drug Discovery and Development .....NEHA GUPTA
The "New Drug Discovery and Development" process involves the identification, design, testing, and manufacturing of novel pharmaceutical compounds with the aim of introducing new and improved treatments for various medical conditions. This comprehensive endeavor encompasses various stages, including target identification, preclinical studies, clinical trials, regulatory approval, and post-market surveillance. It involves multidisciplinary collaboration among scientists, researchers, clinicians, regulatory experts, and pharmaceutical companies to bring innovative therapies to market and address unmet medical needs.
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
NYSORA Guideline
2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Ve...kevinkariuki227
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
Function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that along with the spermatozoa, constitutes semen
A healthy human prostate measures (4cm-vertical, by 3cm-horizontal, 2cm ant-post ).
It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It has anterior, median, posterior and two lateral lobes
It’s work is regulated by androgens which are responsible for male sex characteristics
Generalised disease of the prostate due to hormonal derangement which leads to non malignant enlargement of the gland (increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue)to cause compression of the urethra leading to symptoms (LUTS
5. How to save onself
Coronavirus
•We know about the latest human coronavirus
strain that is claiming lives in China, making its
way through Europe and reaching North
America, officially named: Covid-19. And
whether you’re dealing with a mild coronavirus
infection, or you want to be prepared in the
event the Wuhan strain Covid-19 becomes a
serious threat,
15-03-2020 5Dr.T.V.Rao MD @ COVID 2019
6. The Article will focus on the
Biosafety in Serving Corona
virus Infections ?
15-03-2020 6Dr.T.V.Rao MD @ COVID 2019
7. HOW THE CORONA VIRUS
SPREADS
• Coronavirus, also known as
Covid-19, is mostly spread
through contact with infected
persons. When infected people
cough or sneeze or let out any
respiratory droplets for that
matter, the virus is released into
the air and may be transferred
to other people within 5 or 6
feet of the carrier.
15-03-2020 7Dr.T.V.Rao MD @ COVID 2019
9. How COVID-19 Spreads
• There is much to learn about
the newly emerged COVID-19,
including how and how easily it
spreads. Based on what is
currently known about COVID-
19 and what is known about
other corona viruses, spread is
thought to occur mostly from
person-to-person via
respiratory droplets among
close contacts.
15-03-2020 9Dr.T.V.Rao MD @ COVID 2019
10. Close contact can occur while
caring for a patient, including:
• Being within approximately 6
feet (2 meters) of a patient with
COVID-19 for a prolonged
period of time. having direct
contact with infectious
secretions from a patient with
COVID-19. Infectious secretions
may include sputum, serum,
blood, and respiratory droplets.
15-03-2020 10Dr.T.V.Rao MD @ COVID 2019
11. PPE saves the Health care
workers
•If close contact
occurs while not
wearing all
recommended PPE,
healthcare
personnel may be at
risk of infection
15-03-2020 11Dr.T.V.Rao MD @ COVID 2019
12. The articles and material in use with patients are
infective
•Also, when one touches a
surface that infected
persons have come in
contact with within 24
hours, one is likely to
contact the virus. So, since
you might not know who
has the disease and who
does not,
15-03-2020 12Dr.T.V.Rao MD @ COVID 2019
13. Mask continues to be Minimal
essentail Need
Its best to be careful
about how you relate
with people. Nose
masks might help to
prevent you from
contacting the virus
via coughs and
sneezes,
15-03-2020 13Dr.T.V.Rao MD @ COVID 2019
14. According to the WHO and the advisory by the Ministry of Health and
Family Welfare (MoHFW), following these protective and preventive
measures is super important now:
• Wash your hands regularly,
once you’re back home,
before you cook, and
especially after you cough
or sneeze. While hand
sanitizers will help kill some
viruses, doctors recommend
washing hands as the most
effective.
15-03-2020 14Dr.T.V.Rao MD @ COVID 2019
16. Coronavirus advisory:
steps to clean and disinfect your home or office
• But in light of the 2019
novel coronavirus (nCoV)
outbreak, we share some
guidelines from National
Environment Agency on
how to clean your living
area (relevant if you suspect
that your home or office
may have been exposed to
the 2019 novel coronavirus
(nCoV).15-03-2020 16Dr.T.V.Rao MD @ COVID 2019
17. Covid 19- Stop spreading Virus
to others
• Make sure you, and the
people around you, follow
good respiratory hygiene.
This means covering your
mouth and nose with your
bent elbow or tissue when
you cough or sneeze. Then
dispose of the used tissue
immediately. Droplets
spread virus.”
15-03-2020 17Dr.T.V.Rao MD @ COVID 2019
18. 1. Prepare your cleaning tools
• Wear a surgical mask,
disposable gloves and a
bleach solution or
appropriate disinfectant
with indication of
effectiveness against
coronavirus. Keep the
windows open for
ventilation, and remember
to avoid touching your face
and eyes.15-03-2020 18Dr.T.V.Rao MD @ COVID 2019
19. Start to clean surfaces
• Prepare the disinfectant or
bleach solution, and mop
the floor of your residence
from one end to another.
Use disposable cloths or
rags to wipe toilet surfaces
and frequently touched
areas, such as handles,
doorknobs, armrests,
switches, etc.
15-03-2020 19Dr.T.V.Rao MD @ COVID 2019
20. Do not use Sprays
virus may be displaced
•Do not use a spray
pack to apply
disinfectant as it
may create splashes
which can further
spread the virus.
15-03-2020 20Dr.T.V.Rao MD @ COVID 2019
21. Wash fabrics of Infected patients
•Use a washing
machine and
detergent to wash
fabrics, such as bed
sheets, pillow
covers and blankets.
15-03-2020 21Dr.T.V.Rao MD @ COVID 2019
22. Stop touching you face eyes and nose
•Our hands can pick
up viruses, and can
transmit it to our
eyes, nose or
mouth. From there,
the virus can enter
our body.
15-03-2020 22Dr.T.V.Rao MD @ COVID 2019
24. WHAT MASK ONE SHOULD WEAR IN TIMES OF
COVID 19
15-03-2020 24Dr.T.V.Rao MD @ COVID 2019
25. Finishing up
•Repeat mopping the
floor of your residence
from one end to
another, but avoid
going from uncleaned
areas to cleaned areas,
to avoid dirtying the
cleaned area.
15-03-2020 25Dr.T.V.Rao MD @ COVID 2019
26. How to care the used cloths from Carona
Infected patients
•With your gloves
and mask on, throw
all used cloths, as
well as other waste,
into a double-lined
plastic trash bag.
15-03-2020 26Dr.T.V.Rao MD @ COVID 2019
27. Disposal of Used Gloves and masks
•Remove gloves and
surgical mask, then
wash your hands with
soap and water.
Separate clean-up
waste from other
household waste
15-03-2020 27Dr.T.V.Rao MD @ COVID 2019
28. Nursing personal hygiene
•Shower and
change your
clothes, then air
and ventilate
your home.
15-03-2020 28Dr.T.V.Rao MD @ COVID 2019
29. Better choices to kill Carona Virus
•A better choice for killing
a life-threatening,
emerging strain of
Human Coronavirus like
Covid-19, is to use EPA
registered products that
became registered to kill
the deadly Human
Coronaviruses:
15-03-2020 29Dr.T.V.Rao MD @ COVID 2019
30. Decontamination of residential
areas in Covid 2019
• As the virus can survive on
surfaces of different
materials for at least two-
three days, potentially
contaminated surfaces
should be sanitised
thoroughly. You should
avoid hosting visitors in the
home until your residence is
sanitised.
15-03-2020 30Dr.T.V.Rao MD @ COVID 2019
31. Avoid Exposure to Large
Gatherings and Crowds
•Avoid large
gatherings, self-
quarantine, and
maintaining your
distance from
someone who is
coughing or sneezing,
as much as possible.
15-03-2020 31Dr.T.V.Rao MD @ COVID 2019
32. Do not share and use Personal
Articles of co humans
•Remember to
avoid sharing
household items,
and wash used
items thoroughly
with soap and
water.
15-03-2020 32Dr.T.V.Rao MD @ COVID 2019
33. General Recommendations for Routine
Cleaning and Disinfection of Households
• Community members can practice routine cleaning of
frequently touched surfaces (for example: tables,
doorknobs, light switches, handles, desks, toilets, faucets,
sinks) with household cleaners and EPA-registered
disinfectants that are appropriate for the surface, following
label instructions. Labels contain instructions for safe and
effective use of the cleaning product including precautions
you should take when applying the product, such as
wearing gloves and making sure you have good ventilation
during use of the product.
15-03-2020 33Dr.T.V.Rao MD @ COVID 2019
34. General Recommendations for Cleaning and Disinfection
of Households with People Isolated in Home Care (e.g.
Suspected/Confirmed to have COVID-19)
•Household members
should educate
themselves about
COVID-19 symptoms
and preventing the
spread of COVID-19
in homes.
15-03-2020 34Dr.T.V.Rao MD @ COVID 2019
35. Things to take care and decontaminate
•Clean and disinfect high-
touch surfaces daily in
household common
areas (e.g. tables, hard-
backed chairs,
doorknobs, light
switches, remotes,
handles, desks, toilets,
sinks)
15-03-2020 35Dr.T.V.Rao MD @ COVID 2019
36. Know the surfaces which
are Infective
15-03-2020 36Dr.T.V.Rao MD @ COVID 2019
37. Caring the rooms of Infected with Corona
• In the bedroom/bathroom
dedicated for an ill person:
consider reducing cleaning
frequency to as-
needed (e.g., soiled items
and surfaces) to avoid
unnecessary contact with
the ill person
15-03-2020 37Dr.T.V.Rao MD @ COVID 2019
38. Suspected Patients should stay
back in the Room a priority
•As much as possible,
an ill person should
stay in a specific room
and away from other
people in their home,
following home care
guidance.
15-03-2020 38Dr.T.V.Rao MD @ COVID 2019
39. Other considerations
•The ill person should eat/be
fed in their room if possible.
Non-disposable food service
items used should be
handled with gloves and
washed with hot water or in
a dishwasher. Clean
hands after handling used
food service items.
15-03-2020 39Dr.T.V.Rao MD @ COVID 2019
40. Proper Disposal of Trash with
Biosafety
•If possible, dedicate a
lined trash can for the ill
person. Use gloves
when removing garbage
bags, handling, and
disposing of trash. Wash
hands after handling or
disposing of trash.
15-03-2020 40Dr.T.V.Rao MD @ COVID 2019
42. Never Forget to Consult your
Physician
•Consider consulting
with your local
health department
about trash disposal
guidance if
available.
15-03-2020 42Dr.T.V.Rao MD @ COVID 2019
45. Resources for information
• Current resources from
• WHO
• CDC
• NIH
• Open Resource from Google
Knowledge
On COVID 19 -20
15-03-2020 45Dr.T.V.Rao MD @ COVID 2019
46. •Program file created by Dr.T.V.Rao MD for the Benefit
of Medical Nursing and Health workers for facing
emerging Challenges with COVID 19 infection turing
to be Global Pandemic
• Email
• doctortvrao@gmail.com
15-03-2020 46Dr.T.V.Rao MD @ COVID 2019