This document provides an overview of biometrics including: - A definition of biometrics as the automated recognition of individuals based on biological and behavioral characteristics. - A brief history of biometrics starting in the 1850s with fingerprinting and facial recognition. - Descriptions of the main tasks, characteristics, functions, roles, aspects, technologies, applications, advantages and disadvantages of biometric systems. - A conclusion that biometrics relies on scientific knowledge and continues to advance, making it a more effective and reliable security technology.

1. SEMINAR ON BIO-METRICS

2. Flow of Seminar What is Biometrics? History of Bio-metrics Bio-metrics Tasks Characteristics of Bio-metrics systems Functions of Bio-metrics systems Role of Bio-metrics systems Common aspects of Bio-metrics systems

3. Flow of Seminar (contd.) Uses of Bio-metrics systems Bio-metrics TODAY Applications of Bio-metrics Advantages of Bio-metrics Disadvantages of Bio-metrics Current STATUS of Bio-metrics Conclusion

4. What are BIO-METRICS? BIOMETRICS (ancient Greek: bios =“life” , metron =“measure”) refers to two very different fields of study and application. BIOMETRICS -science, which deals with the automated recognition of individuals ( or plants/animals) based on biological and behavioral chracteristics.

5. HISTORY OF BIO-METRICS Started from 1858 with recording of First systematic capture of HAND IMAGES . Oldest and most basic example of characteristics is recognition by HUMAN FACE . Human-to-Human recognition. In mid 1800’s came ANTHROPOMETRICS By late 1800’s First robust system for indexing FINGERPRINTS developed in INDIA.

6. Bio-metrics Tasks Bio-metrics System operates in one of the three tasks: Verification. Watch-list. Identification .

7. CHARATERISTICS Bio-metric characteristics can be divided into two main classes: Physiological. Behavioral.

8. FUNCTIONS Bio-metric system can provide following FUNCTIONS : Verifications. Identifications .

9. ROLE OF BIO-METRICS Bio-metric can play two major ROLES : Identifying a user in non-presential services. Helping a security agent in the identification process. Two targets can be addressed: Security. Comfort .

10. COMMON ASPECTS Common aspects of all Bio-metric systems are: Depend upon “registration” sample. Perfect system would recognize a person 100% of the time. System with component of telecommunication-be carefully designed. Tune to EQUAL error-rate to provide a match threshold – satisfying designer’s requirements .

11. USES OF BIO-METRICS Bio-metric uses are as follows: Simple: Verification – Is this who he claims to be? Identification – who is this? Advanced: Detecting multiple identities Patrolling public spaces .

12. BIO-METRICS TODAY: CONTACT: Hand/Finger Geometry Fingerprint Dynamic signature verification Keystroke dynamics CONTACTLESS: Facial recognition Voice recognition Iris scan Retinal scan

13. CONTACT BIO-METRICS TECHNOLOGIES FINGERPRINT Automated digital version of old ink and paper method Template size 50-1000 bytes. Applications. HAND/FINGER GEOMETRY Automated measurement. Hand geometry templates 9bytes. Finger geometry template 20-25 bytes.

14. CONTACT BIO-METRICS TECHNOLOGIES DYNAMIC SIGNATURE VERIFICATION Automated method of examining an individual’s signature. Examine dynamics such as speed direction and pressure of writing. Template size 50-300 bytes. KEYSTROKE DYNAMICS Examines individual’s keystrokes on a keyboard. Examines dynamics such as speed and pressure. Useful application is computer access.

15. CONTACTLESS BIO-METRICS TECHNOLOGIES FACIAL RECOGNITION : Records spatial geometry of features of face. Template size 83-1000 bytes. Encounters performance problems. VOICE RECOGITION: Uses vocal characteristics to identify individuals using a pass-phrase. Can be effected by environmental factors. Has been focused of considerable efforts on part of telecommunications.

16. CONTACTLESS BIO-METRICS TECHNOLOGIES IRIS SCAN: Measures the iris pattern Pattern are formed randomly. Template size around 256 bytes. Applications. RETINAL SCAN : Measures the blood vessel patterns in the back of the eye. Template size 40-96 bytes. Involves the light source.

17. APPLICATIONS Bio-metrics time clock. Bio-metrics safes. Bio-metrics locks. Bio-metrics access control. Securing access to pc’s. High end security (Wireless bio-metric). Identifying DNA patterns. Airport security.

18. ADVANTAGES: Used in criminal justice. Accuracy in case of IRIS. Applied to areas required in physical access solutions. Can easily be linked to computer based applications. Able to operate in harsh environment. Highly resistant to false matching.

19. DIS ADVANTAGES: Short tem changes in finger printing. Disable people have problems with CONTACT bio-metrics. Sensetivity to environment. Some types acquire larger template size. Only a small no. of companies manufacture devices (iris ).

20. CURRENT STATUS Bio-metric is a NON-MATURE technology. Many challenges are still under research. Used currently in systems.

21. CONCLUSION Relies on body of knowledge . Advacement brought bio-metrics in higher level of effectiveness and use of technology. More reliable than traditional. Will become a major security technology.

22. SUBMITTED BY: Sukhdeep Kaur

23. THANKS