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Stanmore College Interview
      Presentation
 Introduction to Biological
         Molecules
   Lyndsae Drury Biology
          Lecturer
Biological molecules
•
    1. Water
•
    2. ions
•
    3. Sugars, Carbohydrates
•
    4. Proteins
•
    5. Lipids
Carbohydrates

Carbohydrates contain 3
 elements:
•
    Carbon (C)
•
    Hydrogen (H)
•
    Oxygen (O)
•
    Carbohydrates are found in one of three
    forms:
•
    Monosaccharides
•
    Disaccharides (both sugars)
•
    Polysaccharides



•
    Monosaccharides
•
    General formula:.
•
    Trioses: (e.g. glyceraldehydes), intermediates
    in respiration and photosynthesis.
•
    Tetroses: rare.
•
    Pentoses: (e.g. ribose, ribulose), used in the
    synthesis of nucleic acids (RNA and DNA), co-
    enzymes (NAD, NADP, FAD) and ATP.
•
    Hexoses: (e.g. glucose, fructose), used as a
    source of energy in respiration and as building
    blocks for larger molecules.
•
    All but one carbon atom have an alcohol (OH)
•
    Mono Saccharides
•
    Examples of Disaccharides
•
    Sucrose: glucose + fructose,
•
    Lactose: glucose + galactose,
•
    Maltose: glucose + glucose.
•
    Maltose: glucose + glucose.
Disaccharides
Starch made of two polysaccharides
Differences between Glycogen and
Amylopectin polysaccharides.
The branches are formed by linking C # 1 to a C # 6 through an acetal
linkages. In glycogen, the branches occur at intervals of 8-10 glucose
units, while in amylopectin the branches are separated by 12-20
glucose units
Other Novel Polysaccharides


Chitin polysaccharide found
in crabs and sea shells
whereas Lignin in wood

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Biological molecules intro to the carbohydrates

  • 1. Stanmore College Interview Presentation Introduction to Biological Molecules Lyndsae Drury Biology Lecturer
  • 2. Biological molecules • 1. Water • 2. ions • 3. Sugars, Carbohydrates • 4. Proteins • 5. Lipids
  • 3.
  • 4.
  • 5. Carbohydrates Carbohydrates contain 3 elements: • Carbon (C) • Hydrogen (H) • Oxygen (O)
  • 6. Carbohydrates are found in one of three forms: • Monosaccharides • Disaccharides (both sugars) • Polysaccharides • Monosaccharides • General formula:.
  • 7. Trioses: (e.g. glyceraldehydes), intermediates in respiration and photosynthesis. • Tetroses: rare. • Pentoses: (e.g. ribose, ribulose), used in the synthesis of nucleic acids (RNA and DNA), co- enzymes (NAD, NADP, FAD) and ATP. • Hexoses: (e.g. glucose, fructose), used as a source of energy in respiration and as building blocks for larger molecules. • All but one carbon atom have an alcohol (OH)
  • 8.
  • 9.
  • 10. Mono Saccharides
  • 11.
  • 12. Examples of Disaccharides • Sucrose: glucose + fructose, • Lactose: glucose + galactose, • Maltose: glucose + glucose. • Maltose: glucose + glucose.
  • 14. Starch made of two polysaccharides
  • 15. Differences between Glycogen and Amylopectin polysaccharides. The branches are formed by linking C # 1 to a C # 6 through an acetal linkages. In glycogen, the branches occur at intervals of 8-10 glucose units, while in amylopectin the branches are separated by 12-20 glucose units
  • 16.
  • 17.
  • 18. Other Novel Polysaccharides Chitin polysaccharide found in crabs and sea shells whereas Lignin in wood