Anaerobic digestion is a process where microorganisms break down biodegradable material in the absence of oxygen to produce biogas, a clean and efficient fuel composed primarily of methane. There are two main types of biogas plants - fixed dome and floating gas holder. Both use biomass and water inputs and anaerobic digestion to produce biogas, which can then be used for electricity, heat, transportation fuel or grid injection. Biogas is a renewable and carbon-neutral energy source that provides environmental benefits over fossil fuels while generating nutrient-rich fertilizer as a byproduct.
Clean, efficient source of renewable energy (1)
Made from organic waste
Produces methane
Anaerobic digestion (2)
Replaces non-renewable energy
Digested in an airtight container
Clean, efficient source of renewable energy (1)
Made from organic waste
Produces methane
Anaerobic digestion (2)
Replaces non-renewable energy
Digested in an airtight container
Biogas is produced after organic materials (plant and animal products) are broken down by bacteria in an oxygen-free environment, a process called anaerobic digestion. Biogas systems use anaerobic digestion to recycle these organic materials, turning them into biogas, which contains both energy (gas), and valuable soil products (liquids and solids).
Biomass Energy Resourses; Mechanism of green plant
photosynthesis, effiency of conversion, solar energy plantation,
Biogas- Types of Biogas plants, factors affecting production
rates, Pyrolysis, Gasifess Types & Classification of vegetable
oils a a liquid fuel and their properties, esterification process,
formation of Biodiesel, Biodiesel & its properties, suitable species
for Biodiesel formation and its cultivation, byproduct formation
during esterification, Biodiesel economics.
Giving out a idea of how much we are capable in using fossil fuels and Biogas and giving an idea of utilization so that economically as well as it will be benefited to environment.
Biogas- a way to solve the sanitation problems.Perfect for taking seminars and classes.
This presentation explains about the objectives, principle, working, advantages and disadvantages of biogas. Requirements to develop a biogas digester and the types of biogas digesters are explained.
Statistical analysis of biogas digesters in the world also mentioned.
Biogas is produced after organic materials (plant and animal products) are broken down by bacteria in an oxygen-free environment, a process called anaerobic digestion. Biogas systems use anaerobic digestion to recycle these organic materials, turning them into biogas, which contains both energy (gas), and valuable soil products (liquids and solids).
Biomass Energy Resourses; Mechanism of green plant
photosynthesis, effiency of conversion, solar energy plantation,
Biogas- Types of Biogas plants, factors affecting production
rates, Pyrolysis, Gasifess Types & Classification of vegetable
oils a a liquid fuel and their properties, esterification process,
formation of Biodiesel, Biodiesel & its properties, suitable species
for Biodiesel formation and its cultivation, byproduct formation
during esterification, Biodiesel economics.
Giving out a idea of how much we are capable in using fossil fuels and Biogas and giving an idea of utilization so that economically as well as it will be benefited to environment.
Biogas- a way to solve the sanitation problems.Perfect for taking seminars and classes.
This presentation explains about the objectives, principle, working, advantages and disadvantages of biogas. Requirements to develop a biogas digester and the types of biogas digesters are explained.
Statistical analysis of biogas digesters in the world also mentioned.
Biogas is an environmentally-friendly, renewable energy source. It's produced when organic matter, such as food or animal waste, is broken down by microorganisms in the absence of oxygen, in a process called anaerobic digestion.
This is a subject taught in Mandsaur University in Electrical Engineering Department, It includes Various non conventional energy such as biogas and biomass, tidal energy, ocean energy, recycling techniques
Introduction to biogas technology, History, gas composition, types of digests, sizing units, gas yield, operation and maintenance of system, Advantages & Failures, Cost benefit analysis
presentation about the what is biogas, diffterent types of biogas plant, traditional vs modern, nisargruna biogas pant and detailed analysis about why to install biogas unit.
Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
Water scarcity is the lack of fresh water resources to meet the standard water demand. There are two type of water scarcity. One is physical. The other is economic water scarcity.
CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptxR&R Consult
CFD analysis is incredibly effective at solving mysteries and improving the performance of complex systems!
Here's a great example: At a large natural gas-fired power plant, where they use waste heat to generate steam and energy, they were puzzled that their boiler wasn't producing as much steam as expected.
R&R and Tetra Engineering Group Inc. were asked to solve the issue with reduced steam production.
An inspection had shown that a significant amount of hot flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes, where the heat was supposed to be transferred.
R&R Consult conducted a CFD analysis, which revealed that 6.3% of the flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes without transferring heat. The analysis also showed that the flue gas was instead being directed along the sides of the boiler and between the modules that were supposed to capture the heat. This was the cause of the reduced performance.
Based on our results, Tetra Engineering installed covering plates to reduce the bypass flow. This improved the boiler's performance and increased electricity production.
It is always satisfying when we can help solve complex challenges like this. Do your systems also need a check-up or optimization? Give us a call!
Work done in cooperation with James Malloy and David Moelling from Tetra Engineering.
More examples of our work https://www.r-r-consult.dk/en/cases-en/
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
2. Anaerobic digestion
• Anaerobic digestion is a series of biological
processes in which microorganisms break
down biodegradable material in the absence
of oxygen. One of the end products is biogas,
which is combusted to generate electricity and
heat, or can be processed into renewable
natural gas and transportation fuels.
3. Biogas
• Biogas is a clean and efficient fuel.
• It is a mixture of:
– Methane (CH4)
– Carbon dioxide (CO2)
– Hydrogen (H2)
– Hydrogen sulphide (H2S)
• The chief constituent of biogas is methane (65%).
4. oxygen. One of the end products is biogas, which is
combusted to generate electricity and
heat, or can be processed into
renewable natural gas and
transportation fuels.
5. Production of Biogas - The biogas plants
There are two types of biogas plants in usage for
the production of biogas. These are:
• The fixed- dome type of biogas plant
• The floating gas holder type of biogas plant
7. Raw materials required
• Forms of biomass listed below may be used along
with water.
• Animal dung
• Poultry wastes
• Plant wastes ( Husk, grass, weeds etc.)
• Human excreta
• Industrial wastes(Saw dust, wastes from food
processing industries)
• Domestic wastes (Vegetable peels, waste food
materials)
8. Construction
The biogas plant is a brick and cement structure having the
following five sections:
• Mixing tank present above the ground level.
• Inlet tank: The mixing tank opens underground into a
sloping inlet chamber.
• Digester: The inlet chamber opens from below into the
digester which is a huge tank with a dome like ceiling.
The ceiling of the digester has an outlet with a valve for
the supply of biogas.
• Outlet tank: The digester opens from below into an
outlet chamber.
• Overflow tank: The outlet chamber opens from the top
into a small over flow tank.
9. Working of Fixed Dome type Biogas Plant
• The various forms of biomass are mixed with an equal
quantity of water in the mixing tank. This forms the slurry.
• The slurry is fed into the digester through the inlet
chamber.
• When the digester is partially filled with the slurry, the
introduction of slurry is stopped and the plant is left
unused for about two months.
• During these two months, anaerobic bacteria present in
the slurry decomposes or ferments the biomass in the
presence of water.
• As a result of anaerobic fermentation, biogas is formed,
which starts collecting in the dome of the digester.
10. Cont..
• As more and more biogas starts collecting, the pressure
exerted by the biogas forces the spent slurry into the
outlet chamber.
• From the outlet chamber, the spent slurry overflows
into the overflow tank.
• The spent slurry is manually removed from the
overflow tank and used as manure for plants.
• The gas valve connected to a system of pipelines is
opened when a supply of biogas is required.
• To obtain a continuous supply of biogas, a functioning
plant can be fed continuously with the prepared slurry.
11.
12. Advantages of fixed dome type of
biogas plant
• Requires only locally and easily available
materials for construction.
• Inexpensive.
• Easy to construct.
14. Construction
The floating gas holder type of biogas plant has the following
chambers/ sections:
• Mixing Tank - present above the ground level.
• Digester tank - Deep underground well-like structure. It is
divided into two chambers by a partition wall in between.
• It has two long cement pipes
i) Inlet pipe opening into the inlet chamber for introduction of
slurry.
ii) Outlet pipe opening into the overflow tank for removal of spent
slurry.
• Gas holder - an inverted steel drum resting above the
digester. The drum can move up and down i.e., float over
the digester. The gas holder has an outlet at the top which
could be connected to gas stoves.
• Over flow tank - Present above the ground level.
15.
16. Working
• Slurry (mixture of equal quantities of biomass and
water) is prepared in the mixing tank.
• The prepared slurry is fed into the inlet chamber of the
digester through the inlet pipe.
• The plant is left unused for about two months and
introduction of more slurry is stopped.
• During this period, anaerobic fermentation of biomass
takes place in the presence of water and produces
biogas in the digester.
• Biogas being lighter rises up and starts collecting in the
gas holder. The gas holder now starts moving up.
17. Cont..
• The gas holder cannot rise up beyond a certain level. As
more and more gas starts collecting, more pressure begins
to be exerted on the slurry.
• The spent slurry is now forced into the outlet chamber
from the top of the inlet chamber.
• When the outlet chamber gets filled with the spent slurry,
the excess is forced out through the outlet pipe into the
overflow tank. This is later used as manure for plants.
• The gas valve of the gas outlet is opened to get a supply of
biogas.
• Once the production of biogas begins, a continuous supply
of gas can be ensured by regular removal of spent slurry
and introduction of fresh slurry.
18. Disadvantages of floating gas holder
type biogas plant
• Expensive
• Steel drum may rust
• Requires regular maintenance
19. Advantages of biogas as a fuel
• High calorific value
• Clean fuel
• No residue produced
• No smoke produced
• Non polluting
• Economical
• Can be supplied through pipe lines
• Burns readily - has a convenient ignition
temperature
20. Uses of biogas
• Domestic fuel
• For street lighting
• Generation of electricity
• If compressed, it can replace compressed
natural gas for use in vehicles
22. Advantages of biogas plants
• Reduces burden on forests and fossil fuels
• Produces a clean fuel - helps in controlling air
pollution
• Provides nutrient rich (N & P) manure for
plants
• Controls water pollution by decomposing
sewage, animal dung and human excreta.
23. Limitations of biogas plants
• Initial cost of installation of the plant is high.
• Number of cattle owned by an average family
of farmers is inadequate to feed a biogas
plant.
24. Recent Developments
• With the many benefits of biogas, it is starting to become a
popular source of energy and is starting to be used in the
United States more.
• On 5 October 2010, biogas was injected into the UK gas grid
for the first time. As of September 2013, there are about 130
non-sewage biogas plants in the UK.
• Germany is Europe's biggest biogas producer and the market
leader in biogas technology.
• To create awareness and associate the people interested in
biogas, the Indian Biogas Association was formed. India's
Ministry of New and Renewable Energy offers some subsidy
per model constructed.
25. Conclusion
Biogas is a clean source of energy. Biogas
plants have been in operation for a long
period of time, especially in rural areas around
the globe. The research organizations should
focus on newer efficient low cost designs. The
governments can play important role by
introducing different legal frameworks,
education schemes and the availability of
technology and simultaneously creating more
awareness and providing more subsidies.