The document discusses biogas, including its composition, production techniques, equipment, processing, benefits, limitations, applications, and global scenarios. Biogas is primarily composed of methane and carbon dioxide and is produced via anaerobic digestion of organic matter. Key production equipment includes fixed-dome and floating-drum plants. Biogas has benefits like being renewable and reducing pollution but also limitations like potential explosiveness and odor. Applications include use as fuel and power generation. India and Germany are global leaders in biogas production.
biogas plant and types of biogas plant consisting of Single stage continuous type,Two stage continuous type,batch type,Fixed Dome type and Floating Drum Type Plants,KVIC Plant
biogas plant and types of biogas plant consisting of Single stage continuous type,Two stage continuous type,batch type,Fixed Dome type and Floating Drum Type Plants,KVIC Plant
Clean, efficient source of renewable energy (1)
Made from organic waste
Produces methane
Anaerobic digestion (2)
Replaces non-renewable energy
Digested in an airtight container
Biogas- a way to solve the sanitation problems.Perfect for taking seminars and classes.
This presentation explains about the objectives, principle, working, advantages and disadvantages of biogas. Requirements to develop a biogas digester and the types of biogas digesters are explained.
Statistical analysis of biogas digesters in the world also mentioned.
Clean, efficient source of renewable energy (1)
Made from organic waste
Produces methane
Anaerobic digestion (2)
Replaces non-renewable energy
Digested in an airtight container
Biogas- a way to solve the sanitation problems.Perfect for taking seminars and classes.
This presentation explains about the objectives, principle, working, advantages and disadvantages of biogas. Requirements to develop a biogas digester and the types of biogas digesters are explained.
Statistical analysis of biogas digesters in the world also mentioned.
Giving out a idea of how much we are capable in using fossil fuels and Biogas and giving an idea of utilization so that economically as well as it will be benefited to environment.
presentation about the what is biogas, diffterent types of biogas plant, traditional vs modern, nisargruna biogas pant and detailed analysis about why to install biogas unit.
Introduction to biogas technology, History, gas composition, types of digests, sizing units, gas yield, operation and maintenance of system, Advantages & Failures, Cost benefit analysis
CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptxR&R Consult
CFD analysis is incredibly effective at solving mysteries and improving the performance of complex systems!
Here's a great example: At a large natural gas-fired power plant, where they use waste heat to generate steam and energy, they were puzzled that their boiler wasn't producing as much steam as expected.
R&R and Tetra Engineering Group Inc. were asked to solve the issue with reduced steam production.
An inspection had shown that a significant amount of hot flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes, where the heat was supposed to be transferred.
R&R Consult conducted a CFD analysis, which revealed that 6.3% of the flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes without transferring heat. The analysis also showed that the flue gas was instead being directed along the sides of the boiler and between the modules that were supposed to capture the heat. This was the cause of the reduced performance.
Based on our results, Tetra Engineering installed covering plates to reduce the bypass flow. This improved the boiler's performance and increased electricity production.
It is always satisfying when we can help solve complex challenges like this. Do your systems also need a check-up or optimization? Give us a call!
Work done in cooperation with James Malloy and David Moelling from Tetra Engineering.
More examples of our work https://www.r-r-consult.dk/en/cases-en/
Courier management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
It is now-a-days very important for the people to send or receive articles like imported furniture, electronic items, gifts, business goods and the like. People depend vastly on different transport systems which mostly use the manual way of receiving and delivering the articles. There is no way to track the articles till they are received and there is no way to let the customer know what happened in transit, once he booked some articles. In such a situation, we need a system which completely computerizes the cargo activities including time to time tracking of the articles sent. This need is fulfilled by Courier Management System software which is online software for the cargo management people that enables them to receive the goods from a source and send them to a required destination and track their status from time to time.
About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project explains about the student management. This project mainly explains the various actions related to student details. This project shows some ease in adding, editing and deleting the student details. It also provides a less time consuming process for viewing, adding, editing and deleting the marks of the students.
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
2. Overview
Introduction + composition
Production technique
Production equipment
Processing of biogas
Benefits and limitations
Application
Indian scenario
Global scenario
Conclusion
3. Biogas typically refers to a mixture of different gases produced by the
breakdown of organic matter in the absence of oxygen.
Microbially controlled production of biogas is an important part of the global
carbon cycle.
It is a renewable energy source.
The main source of raw material for production of biogas is Plant and Animal
biomass .
Introduction
4.
5. .5
Biogas is primarily methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) and may have
small amounts of hydrogen sulfide (H2S), moisture and siloxanes.
6. Sl. No. Feedstock
Typical Gas Yield
(liters/kg)
Typical Methane Content
(%)
1. Paper Waste 480 53
2. Bagasse 330 57
3. Spent Tea Waste 235 57
4. Food Waste 160 62
5. Bamboo Pulp 145 54
6. Dry Leaves 118 60
7. Green leaves & twigs 100 65
8. Fruit waste 91 50
9. Bamboo dust 53 72
10. Distillery effluent 31 75
11. Black liquor (Paper Mill) 22 69
12. Animal Excreta
- Cow/Bullock
- Buffalo
- Pig
- Chicken
36
36
78
62
60-65%
“
“
“
13. Human Excreta 70 “
TYPICAL GAS PRODUCTION FROM DIFFERENT FEEDSTOCK
7. 1776 : Marsh gas, By Volta
1808 : Humphry Davy, Methane
1859 : Leper colony, Mumbai, Digester
1895 : Gas lamp in Exeter, England
1907 : Patent, Germany
1930 : R&D
Biogas History
8. Production
Biogas is produced as landfill gas (LFG), which is produced by the breakdown of biodegradable
waste inside a landfill due to chemical reactions and microbes, or as digested gas, produced inside
an anaerobic digester.
Biogas is produced by four steps –
Hydrolysis
Acidogenesis
Acetogenesis
Methanogenesis
9.
10. The Main parts of a typical biogas plant consist of the following components:-
Inlet
Digester
Gas holder
Outlet
There are different types of biogas production plants . The main two types are as follows :-
Fixed-dome Plant
Floating-drum Plants
Production Equipment
11. Fixed dome type
• A fixed-dome plant consists of a digester with a
fixed, non-movable gas holder, which sits on top
of the digester
• Advantage - The costs of a fixed-dome
biogas plant are relatively low. It is simple as no
moving parts exist. There are also no rusting steel
parts and hence a long life of the plant (20 years
or more) can be expected.
12. Floating dome type
• Floating-drum plants consist of an underground
digester and a moving gas-holder.
• The gas-holder floats either directly on the
fermentation slurry or in a water jacket of its own.
• The gas is collected in the gas drum, which rises or
moves down, according to the amount of gas
stored
• Advantage- Floating-drum plants are easy to
understand and operate. They provide gas at a
constant pressure, and the stored gas-volume is
immediately recognizable by the position of the
drum
13. Processing of Biogas
The scrubbing of the biogas in order to remove impurities that are generated
during the digestion process such as CO2 (Carbon Dioxide) and H2S (Hydrogen
Sulfide)
Biogas go through a cleaning process, and becomes biomethane.
A simple method for Hydrogen Sulfide utilizing steel wool in a glass bottle
For Carbon Dioxide removal, as well as additional Hydrogen Sulfide removal a
method of water spray crossflow can be used . In this method the Biogas
enters one end of a tube and experiences water streams flowing in the
opposite direction .
14. Benefits Of Biogas
Alternate energy source
Fertilizer
Requires only locally and easily available material for construction
Control pollution
Little operational skills and maintenance required
Rapid falls in disease
15. Advantage of biogas as a fuel
High calorific value
Renewable source of energy
Non polluting
Reduces landfills
Economical Technology
16. Limitations of biogas
Biogas can be explosive when mixed in the ratio of one part biogas to 8-20
parts air.
Biogas leaks smell like rotten eggs (hydrogen sulfide)
Not feasible
Not Attractive on Large Scale
Little technological advancement
Contain Impurities
Cannot be easily stored .
17. Applications
Biogas gas-grid injection
Biogas in transport
Using of carbon dioxide and methane as
chemical products
"Biogaståget Amanda" ("The Biogas Train
Amanda") train near Linköping station, Sweden
18. Indian scenario
• India has installed 4.75 million small scale
biogas plants.
• India has potential maximum number of
biogas plants has been estimated to be 12-
17 million .
• Mainly biogas is produced based on dairy
manure as feed stock and these "gobar"
gas plants .
• In the last 2-3 decades, research
organisations with a focus on rural energy
security have enhanced the design of the
systems resulting in newer efficient low
cost designs
19. • India have additionally commissioned 158 projects under its biogas based grid
power generation programme, with a total installed capacity of 2 MW.
• National Biogas and manure management programme {NBMMB} is implemented
in our country since 1981-82 for promotion of biogas plants based on cattle dung
.
• To support above programme the governments providing 50% subsidy for
installation of biogas plant .
20. 1.0 MW power project based on cattle dung at
Haebowal Dairy Complex Ludhiana, Punjab
2 MW biogas power at Kanoria Chem, Ankleshwar
21. 3000 Cum biomethanation project of solid
waste at slaughterhouse in Andra Pradesh
Biomethanation of Tapioca Processing
wastewater at Varalaxmi Starch, Salem
23. • In 2003, the United States consumed 147 trillion BTU of energy from "landfill gas“
• As of September 2013, there are about 130 non-sewage biogas plants in the UK. Most
are on-farm, and some larger facilities exist off-farm, which are taking food and
consumer wastes.
• Germany is Europe's biggest biogas producer and the market leader in biogas
technology. In 2010 there were 5,905 biogas plants operating throughout the country;
Lower Saxony, Bavaria and the eastern federal states are the main regions.
• Depending on size and location, a typical brick made fixed dome biogas plant can be
installed at the yard of a rural household with the investment between US$300 to
$500 in Asian countries and up to $1400 in the African context. A high quality biogas
plant needs minimum maintenance costs and can produce gas for at least 15–20 years
without major problems and re-investments
24. Conclusion
Although renewable energy power generation is a genuine clean development
success story, there are some problems that need to be addressed to make the
industry sustainable and self-supporting
Biogas offers a vast set of benefits.
Except India and china , in other developing country the proportion of functioning
biogas plants is less than 50% .
25. Considerable government involvement is required for these support network to
be continued over time
It is challenge to develop a new technology for biogas generation which has low
cost , high efficiency of production and proper functionality .