Biogas is a mixture of gases produced from the anaerobic digestion of organic matter. India has over 4.75 million small-scale biogas plants and 158 grid power projects with a total capacity of 2 MW. Biogas can be produced from materials like animal dung, crop residue, and food waste. It is a renewable energy source that provides benefits like being clean burning and producing useful fertilizer byproducts. Biogas has various applications such as fuel for cooking, lighting, electricity generation, and use in vehicles.

1. welcome
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2. Biogas
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 Biogas typically refers to a mixture of gases
produced by the natural anaerobic
digestion of organic matter in the presence
of moisture.
 Renewable energy source.

3. Indian scenario
• India has installed 4.75 million small scale
biogas plants.
• India have additionally commissioned 158
projects under its biogas based grid power
generation programme, with a total installed
capacity of 2 MW.
• To support above programme the government
providing 50% subsidy for installation of biogas
plant.
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5. Raw materials
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 Animal dung
 Poultry wastes
 Crop residue
 Sewage
 Industrial wastes
 Domestic wastes

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7. TYPICAL GAS PRODUCTION FROM
DIFFERENT FEEDSTOCK
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8. Anaerobic digestion
Treatment of any slurry/sludge containing
organic matter utilizing micro-organisms
under anaerobic condition .
Stages of digestion
The enzymatic hydrolysis
Acid formation
Methane formation
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10. Estimation for sizing
 1kg of dry cattle dung produces approximately
1m3 of bio gas.
 1 kg of fresh cattle dung contains 8% dry bio
degradable mass
 1kg of fresh cattle dung has a volume of about
0.9 L
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11. Factors
 Dynamic equilibrium between acid formers
and methane fermenters
 Temperature : 8-55oC
 pH : 6.8-7.8
 C:N Ratio : 25:1-30:1
 Water content 90% and solid organic
matter 8-9%
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12. Types of biogas plants
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 Floating dome type
KVIC type
 Fixed dome type
Deenbandhu biogas plant, janata type.

13. 1. Floating dome type
 Mixing tank -mixture of dung and
water(4:5)
 Inlet
 Digester -fermentation
 Floating drum -collection of gas
 Outlet -fermented material flow
out
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16. Gas holder :
Drum –Cylindrical and concave in shape
Mild steel sheet
Top - Supported radically
Angular iron
Gas pressure : 7-9cm of water column
Cost : Rs. 14,000 for 2m3
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17. Fixed dome type
 Mixing tank
 Inlet
 Digester
 Outlet
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19. Gasholder :Hemispirically fixed dome
Reinforced concrete
Cost : Rs. 8,000 for 2m3
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22. Advantages of biogas as a fuel
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 High calorific value
 Clean fuel
 No residue produced
 No smoke produced
 Non polluting
 Economical
 Burns readily

23. Uses and application of biogas
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 Domestic fuel
 For street lighting
 Generation of electricity
 If compressed, it can replace compressed
natural gas for use in vehicles

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A biogas bus, Sweden The bio gas train Amanda,
Sweden

25. One cubic metre of bio gas can do the
following operations:
It can illuminate a mantle lamp (60 W) for a
period of 7 hours .
It can run 2 hp engine for one hour .
It can be used for cooking three meals for a
family of five .
It can run 100L capacity refrigerator for
9hours .
It can generate electricity of 1.25 KWH.
Family biogas plant - 2-3 m3.
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26. Advantages :
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Low initial investment
Suitable for rural areas .
Reduce the dependence of non renewable
resources.
The by products , nitrogen rich manure
can be used.
It improves sanitary condition and checks
environmental pollution .

27. Limitations :
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 Initial cost of installation of the plant is
high.
Number of cattle owned by an average family
of farmers is inadequate to feed a biogas
plant.

28. Conclusion
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Biogas is a clean renewable source of energy.
The research organizations should focus on
newer efficient low cost designs.
 The government can play important role by
introducing different education schemes and
the availability of technology and providing
more subsidies.

29. Biogas technology – B T Nijaguna
ANGRAU Notes
Internet sources
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