bharat-electronics-limited

1. P R A M O D K U M A R D W I V E D I
B T E C H - 4 T H Y E A R
B R A N C H - E C E
Summer Training
BHARAT ELECTRONICS LIMITED

2. CONTENT
 HISTORY
 Manufacturing Units of BEL in INDIA
 Product Of BEL
 Rotation Program
 RADAR and its Principle
 Types of RADAR
 Basic Component of RADAR system
 Various parameter measurement
 Attenuation and reflection of RADAR beam

3. HISTORY
 Bharat Electronics Limited (BEL) was established in
1954 as a Public Sector Company.
 The company has a unique position in India of having
dealt with all the generations of electronic component
and equipment.
 BEL was ranked no.1 in the field of Electronics and 46th
overall among the top 1000 private and public sector
undertakings in India by the Business Standard in its
special supplement "The BS 1000 (1997-98)".

4. Manufacturing units of BEL across india
 Bangalore (Corporate
Head Office)
 Panchkula (Chandigarh)
 Kotdwara
 Ghaziabad
 Pune
 Hyderabad
 Navi MUMBAI
 Machilipatnam
 Chennai

5. PRODUCTS OF BEL
 Radar
 X-Ray tube
 Magnetrons
 Secure Fax
 Secure Telephone
 Broad cast equipment
 Space guided equipment
 Integrated circuit and Microwave circuit

6. Rotation Program
TEST
EQUIPMENT
&
AUTOMATION
P.C.B
FABRICATION
QUALITY
CONTROL
(WORKS)
MAGNETICS
MICROWAVE
LAB
WORKS
ASSEMBLY
-RADAR

7. Introduction Radar range equation
 Radar is an electromagnetic system
for the detection and location of
reflecting objects such as aircrafts,
ships, spacecraft, vehicles, peoples
and the natural environment.
 It operates by radiating energy into
space and detecting the reflected
echo signal from an object, or
target.
RADAR
Where τ = the pulse duration
(S/N) = required signal-to-noise
K = Boltzmann’s constant
Ts = the system noise temperature
The preceding simplified relationships
neglected such things as atmospheric
attenuation, solar and galactic noise,
clutter, jamming, and system losses.

8. RAdio Detection And Ranging

9. Basic Principle
 An elementary form of radar consists of a transmitting antenna emitting
electromagnetic radiation.
 A transmitter generates an electromagnetic signal (such as sine wave) that is
radiated into space by an antenna.
 A portion of the transmitted energy is intercepted by the target and reradiated
in many directions.
 The re-radiation directed back towards the radar is collected by the radar
antenna, which delivers it to a receiver. There it is processed to detect the
presence of the target and determine its location.
 The range, or distance, to a target is found by measuring the time it takes for
the radar signal to travel to the target and return back to the radar.

10. Basic components of RADAR System:
Synchroni
zer
Transmitter
Display Receiver
Power
Supply
Duplexer
switch
Antenna

11. Radio Waves
 Type of EM radiation
 Travel with speed of light
 Wavelength 100 meters to 30 cm
 Frequency 3 MHz to 1000 MHz
 Naturally occurring
 Artificially generated

12. Pulse Transmission Continuous Wave
Types Of RADARS

13. Application Of Radar
 Surveillance
 Tracking
 Fire control
 Target ID/ discrimination
 Moving target detection
 Air traffic control
 Missile seekers

14. Radar Range Measurement
Target
• Target range =
ct
2
where c = speed of light
t = round trip time

15. Determining Height Of Oject
Determining Altitude
Slant Range
Altitude
Angle of Elevation
Altitude = slant range x sin0 elevation

16. Various types Of Radar and its application
 Search RADAR scans large area
 Targeting RADAR scans small area
 Navigational RADAR used on commercial ships
 Mapping RADAR remote sensing , geographical

17. Effect on RADAR beams
 Atmospheric attenuation
 Reflection of earth’s surface
 Over the horizon diffraction
 Atmospheric refraction

18. Thank You…