Bharat Electronics Limited (BEL) is an Indian state-owned electronics and telecommunications company headquartered in Bangalore. It was established in 1954 by the Government of India to meet the specialized electronics needs of the Indian defense services. Over the years, BEL has expanded into a multi-product, multi-technology conglomerate company with nine manufacturing units across India. It primarily manufactures advanced electronic products for Indian defense forces such as radars, naval systems, telecommunication equipment, and other products for civilian use like electronic voting machines and solar products. The document provides details about BEL's history, manufacturing units, products, quality control processes, and the rotational training program undergone by the author in different departments like

1. PRESENTATION BY: -
NITIN GOYAL
0813331055
INDUSTRIAL TRAINING IN
BHARAT ELECTRONICS LIMITED

2. INTRODUCTION
 Bharat Electronics Limited is a state owned electronics company with about
nine factories and few regional offices in India.
 It is owned by the Indian Government and primarily manufactures advanced
electronic product for the for the Indian armed forces.
 BEL is one of the eight PSUs under ministry of defense, Government of India.
 It have been earned the Government’s Navaratan status in June, 2007.

3. HISTORY
 Bharat Electronics Limited was setup at Banglore, India by the Government of India under the
ministry of defense in 1954 to meet the specialized electronic needs of the Indian defense service.
 Over the years it has grown into a multi-product, multi-technology and multi-unit company.
 Starting with manufacture of a few communication equipment in 1956, BEL went to produce
receiving valves in 1961, Germanium semiconductor in 1962 and radio transmitter for AIR in
1964.
 In 1966 BEL setup a RADAR manufacturing facility for ARMY. Manufacturing of transmitting
tubes, silicon devices and Integrated Circuits starts in 1967.
 PCB manufacturing facility was established in 1968.
 In 1970 manufactures of Black and White TV pictures tube, X Ray tube and microwave tube
started.

4. Motto and mission Values
Quality Technology &
Innovation
To be a market leader in defense
electronics & in other chosen
field and products.
 Putting customer first.
 Working with transparency,
honesty and integrity.
 Trusting and respecting
individuals.
 Fostering team work.
 Striving to achieve employee
satisfaction.
 Encouraging flexibility and
innovation.
 Proud of being a part of
organization.
CORPORATE MOTTO, MISSION AND VALUES

5. Manufacturing units
BANGALORE (KANARATAKA)
BEL started its production activities in Bangalore on 1954 with 400W high frequency (HF)
transmitter and communication receiver for the Army. Since then, the Bangalore Complex has
grown to specialize in communication and Radar/Sonar Systems for the Army, Navy and Air-
force.
GHAZIABAD (UTTER PRADESH)
The second largest Unit at Ghaziabad was set up in 1974 to manufacture special types of radar for
the Air Defence Ground Environment Systems (Plan ADGES). The Unit provides Communication
Systems to the Defence Forces and Microwave Communication Links to the various departments
of the State and Central Govt. and other users.
PUNE (MAHARASHTRA)
This Unit was started in 1979 to manufacture Image Converter Tubes. Subsequently,
Magnesium Manganese-dioxide Batteries, Lithium Sulphur Batteries and X-ray
Tubes/Cables were added to the product range. At the present the Laser Range Finders for
the Defence services.

6. CONTD……
MACHILIPATNAM (ANDHRA PRADESH)
The Andhra Scientific Co. at Machilipatnam, manufacturing Optics/Opto-electronic equipment
was integrated with BEL in 1983. the product line includes passive Night Vision Equipment,
Binoculars and Goggles, Periscopes, Gun Sights, Surgical Microscope and Optical Sights and
Mussel Reference Systems for tank fire control systems. The Unit has successfully diversified to
making the Surgical Microscope with zoom facilities.
PANCHKULA (HARYANA)
To cater the growing needs of Defence Communications, this Unit was established in 1985.
Professional grade Radio-communication Equipment in VHF and UHF ranges entirely developed
by BEL and required by the Defence services are being met from this Unit.
CHENNAI (TAMIL NADU)
In 1985, BEL established another Unit at Chennai to facilitate manufacture of Gun Control
Equipment required for the integration and installation and the Vijay anta tanks. The Unit is now
manufacturing Stabilizer Systems for T-72 tanks, Infantry Combat Vehicles BMP-II;
Commander’s Panoramic Sights & Tank Laser Sights are among others.

7. CONTD…..
KOTDWARA (UTTER PRADESH)
In 1986, BEL STARTED A unit at Kotdwara to manufacture Telecommunication Equipment
for both Defence and civilian customers. Focus is being given on the requirement of the Switching
Equipment.
TALOJA (MAHARASHTRA)
For the manufacture of B/W TV Glass bulbs, this plant was established in collaboration with
coming, France in 1986. The Unit is now fully mobilized to manufacture.
HYDERABAD (ANDHRA PRADESH)
To coordinate with the major Defence R&D Laboratories located in Hyderabad, DLRL, DRDL
and DMRL, BEL established a Unit at Hyderabad in 1986. Force Multiplier Systems are
manufactured here for the Defence services 20’’ glass bulbs indigenously.

8. SERVICES OF BHARAT ELECTRONICS LIMITED
DEFENCE PRODUCTS:-
 Naval System
 Military Communication Equipment
 Radars
 Tele Communication & Broadcasting Services
 Opto Electronics
 Electronic Warfare
 Tank Electronics
NON-DEFENCE PRODUCTS:-
 Electronic Voting Machine
 Solar Products
 DTH

9. ROTATION PROGRAM
Under this we are introduced to the company by putting us under a rotation program to
various departments. The several departments where I had gone under my rotational
program are:
 Test Equipment and Automation
 P.C.B. Fabrication
 Quality Control Works-Radar
 Work Assembly- Communication
 Magnetics
 Microwave lab

10. TEST EQUIPMENT AND AUTOMATION
This department deals with the various instruments used in BEL. There are
300 equipments and they are of 16 types.
Examples of some test equipments are:
 Oscilloscope(CRO)
 Multimeter
 Signal Analyzer
 Logical Pulsar
 Counter
 Function Generator etc.
Mainly the calibration of instruments is carried out here. They are compared with the
standard of National Physical Laboratory (NPL).
A calibration is basically testing of equipment with a standard parameter. It is done with
the help of standard equipment should be of some make, model and type.

11. CONTD…..
The national physical laboratory (NPL), New Delhi provides the standard values yearly. BEL
follows International Standard Organization (ISO) standard. The test equipments are calibrated
either half yearly or yearly.
After testing different tags are labeled on the equipment according to the observations.
 Green –O.K , Perfect
 Yellow – Satisfactory but some trouble is present.
 Red – Can’t be used, should be disposed off.
After the inspection of cables, PCB’s and other things the defect found are given in following codes.
 A --- Physical and Mechanical defects.
 B --- Wrong Writing
 C --- Wrong Component / Polarity
 D --- Wrong Component / Mounting
 E --- Bad Workmanship/ Finish
 F --- Bad Soldering
 G --- Alignment Problem
 H --- Stenciling
 I --- Others (Specify)
 J --- Design & Development

12. PCB FABRICATION
P.C.B. stands for Printed Circuits Board. It’s an integral part of the Electronics equipment as
well as all the components are mounted on it. It consists of the fiberglass sheet having a
layer of copper on both sides.
TYPES OF PCBs
 Single Sided Board : Circuits on one side.
 Double Sided Board : Circuit on Both side.
 Multi-layer Board : Several layers are interconnected through hole
metallization.
Raw material for PCB’s
Most common raw material used for manufacturing of PCBs is copper cladded glass epoxy resin
sheet. The thickness of the sheet may vary as 1.2, 2.4 and 3.2mm and the standard size of the
board is 610mm to 675mm

13. CONTD…..
There are three types of solder marking done in BEL:
 Wet solder mask: Due to some demerits this method is totally ruled out. The demerit was
non- alignment, which was due to wrong method applied or wrong machine.
 Dry pin solder mask: Due to wastage of films about 30% this method is also not used now.
 Liquid photo imaginable solder mask (LPISM): In this first presoaking is at 80 degree
Celsius for 10 to 20 minutes. Next, screen preparation is done. The board is covered by a silk
cloth whose mesh is T-48. The angle to tilt of the board is 15 degree to 22.5 degree.

14. QUALITY CONTROL
According to some laid down standards, the quality control department
ensures the quality of the product. The raw materials and components etc.
purchased and inspected according to the specifications by IG department.
Similarly QC work department inspects all the items manufactured in the
factory. The fabrication department checks all the fabricated parts and
ensures that these are made according to the part drawing, painting ,
plating and stenciling etc are done as per BEL standards.
The assembly inspection departments inspects all the assembled parts such as PCB,
cable assembly ,cable form , modules , racks and shelters as per latest documents
and BEL standards .
The mistakes in the PCB can be categorized as:
 D & E mistakes
 Shop mistakes
 Inspection mistakes

15. CONTD…..
The process card is attached to each PCB under inspection. Any error in the PC is entered in
the process card by certain code specified for each error or defect.
After a mistake is detected following actions are taken:
 Observation is made.
 Object code is given.
 Division code is given.
 Change code is prepared.
 Recommendation action is taken

16. WORK ASSEMBLY
This department plays an important role in the production. Its main function is to
assemble various components, equipments and instruments in a particular procedure.
It has been broadly classified as:
 WORK ASSEMBLY RADAR e.g. INDRA –II, REPORTER.
 WORK ASSEMBLY COMMUNICATION e.g. EMCCA, MSSR, MFC.
 EMCCA: EQUIPMENT MODULAR FOR COMMAND CONTROL APPLICATION.
 MSSR: MONOPULSE SECONDARY SURVEILLANCE RADAR.
 MFC: MULTI FUNCTIONAL CONSOLE.

17. CONTD…..
The stepwise procedure followed by work assembly department is:
 Preparation of part list that is to be assembled.
 Preparation of general assembly.
 Schematic diagram to depict all connections to be made and brief idea about all components.
 Writing lists of all components.

18. MAGNETICS
MAGNETICS
In this department different types of transformers and coils are manufactured ,
which are used in the various Defence equipments i.e. radar , communication
equipments.
This department basically consists of three sections :
1.) PRODUCTION CONTROL :- Basic function of production control is to
plan the production of transformer and coils as per the requirement of
respective division (Radar and Communication). This department divided into
two groups :
a) Planning and (b) Planning store .
(2.) WORKS (PRODUCTION) :- Production of transformers and coils are being
carried out by the works departments.

19. CONTD….
3.) QUALITY CONTROL :- After manufacturing the transformer/coils the item
is offered to the inspection department to check the electrical parameters(DCR , No
load current , full load current , dielectric strength , inductance , insulation resistance
and mechanical dimension as mentioned in the GA drawing of the product.
The D&E department provides all the information about manufacturing a coil and
the transformer.
The various types of transformers are as follows :
 Air cored transformers
 Oil filled transformers
 Moulding type transformers
 P.C.B Mounting transformers

20. CONTD…..
Steps involved in the process of manufacturing of transformer/coils:
 Preparation of former : Former is made of plastic bakelite comprising a male
and female plates assembled and glued alternately to form a hollow rectangular
box on which winding is done.
 Winding : It is done with different material and thickness of wire. The winding
has specified number of layers with each layer’s having a specified number of
turns. The distance between the two turns should be maintained constantly that is
there should be no overlapping. The plastic layer is inserted between two
consecutive layers.

21. MICROWAVE LABORATORY
 Microwave lab deals with very high frequency measurements or very short wavelength
measurements. The testing of microwave components is done with the help of various radio and
communication devices. Phase and magnitude measurements are done in this section. Power
measurements are done for microwave components because current and voltage are very high at
such frequencies.
 Different type of waveguides is tested in this department like rectangular waveguides, circular
waveguides. The power measurements being done in microwave lab are in terms of S- parameters.
Mainly the testing is done on coupler and isolators and parameters are tested here.
There are two methods of testing:
 Acceptance Test Procedure(ATP)
 Production Test Procedure(PTP)

22. THANK YOU