Benchmarking is defined as a technique in which an organisation compares its performance to that of 'best in class' organisations, discovers how other organisations achieve the levels they do, and uses that information to improve its own performance.
Benchmarking In Total Quality ManagementPratheep M
This ppt explained the basic concept and history of benchmarking in total quality management. Also explains the objectives, types of benchmarking and the process involved in benchmarking.
Benchmarking is a process that allows to measure how a company is performing against top-performing organizations worldwide. By doing so, companies gain insights into the practices and strategies that set these outstanding companies apart.
Benchmarking – Reasons to Benchmark – Benchmarking Process, Quality Function Deployment (QFD) – House of Quality, QFD Process, and Benefits – Taguchi Quality Loss Function – Total Productive Maintenance (TPM) – Concept, Improvement Needs, and FMEA – Stages of FMEA- Case studies.
No organisation is the best at everything it does. And being second in most activities can add up to coming first overall. All managers recognise that it is up to them to improve continuously the operations that they are responsible for. But that aspiration is blunted because they don’t know how much better their performance could be.
Benchmarking is the structured comparison of an organisation’s products, services, processes or activities with those of an external organisation that is believed to have better performance. The goal is to pinpoint the factors that contribute to that superiority, and to adopt them.
Organisations usually compare themselves with the leaders in their own industrial sectors. But comparison can also be made with processes that, although in other sectors, have similar characteristics – such as shared service centres. An airline compared the processes in the ‘turnaround time’ for planes with those used in pit stops for racing cars. Benchmarking with non-competitors
can increase the quality and quantity of the information available.
Benchmarking - Benchmarking is a process of measuring the performance of a company's products, services, or processes against those of another business considered to be the best in the industry, aka “best in class.”
Mass Spectrometry (MS) is an analytic technique used to determine the relative masses of molecular ions and fragments by calculating the degree of deflection of charged particles in a magnetic field.
It provides a great deal of information with very small amount of samples.
MS Fragmentation Process and Application of MS.pdfDr. Dinesh Mehta
Fragmentation process:
Bombardment of molecules by an electron beam with energy between 10-15ev usually results in the ionization of molecules by removal of one electron (Molecular ion formation).
Mass Spectrometry (MS) is an analytic technique used to determine
the relative masses of molecular ions and fragments by calculating the
degree of deflection of charged particles in a magnetic field.
It provides a great deal of information with very small amount of samples.
MS Fragmentation Process and Application of MS.pdfDr. Dinesh Mehta
Bombardment of molecules by an electron beam with energy
between 10-15ev usually results in the ionization of molecules by
removal of one electron (Molecular ion formation).
Unlike a spectrometer (which is any instrument that can measure the
properties of light over a range of wavelengths), a spectrophotometer
measures only the intensity of light as a function of its wavelength.
This presentation describes outlines and discusses the regulations
applicable to the QA function and unit, structure, function and
application of the unit in the pharmaceutical manufacturing
environment. In addition, it discusses additional quality – related
responsibilities that may result when manufactures move toward a
quality system approach to quality that incorporates current quality
system models to further improve quality and harmonize with inter-
national quality requirements.
ISO defines the audits as “systematic, independent and documented process for obtaining audit evidence and evaluating them objectively to determine the degree to which the verification criteria are met.”
Auditing Manufacturing Process and Product and Process Information.pdfDr. Dinesh Mehta
Manufacturing process audits should ensure that procedures are properly followed, problems are quickly corrected, there is consistency in the process, and there is continuous improvement and corrective action as needed.
CONTENTS
1. General areas interest in the building:
Walls and celling's
Floors and drains
Doors ,windows and fittings
Equipment
Pipelines
2. RAW MATERIALS
3. WATER
Microbiological results
Essential document
PQ is divided into 3 phases
Microbiological procedure reviewed
4. PACKAGING MATERIALS
A process audit is an examination of results to determine whether the activities, resources and behaviour that cause them are being managed efficiently and effectively.
A process audit is not simply following a trail through a department from input to output - this is a transaction audit.
As the audit proceeds, there might arise some situations where the facts indicate there is a failure, either partially or wholly, of the quality management system, such a situation is called nonconformity/ deficiencies”.
CHAPTER-1 Information Gathering and Administration.pdfDr. Dinesh Mehta
During the audit, information relevant to the objectives, scope and criteria, including information on interfaces between functions, activities and processes, should be collected by appropriate sampling and should be verified.
CHAPTER-1 Management Audit and Planning procedure.pdfDr. Dinesh Mehta
Audits are conducted to ascertain the validity and reliability of the information; also to provide an assessment of the internal control of a system. It provides management with information on the efficiency with which the company controls the quality of its processes and products
The versatile instrument is used to isolate unknown compounds from a HPTLC/TLC plate and transfer them into a mass spectrometer for identification or structure elucidation.
The aim of the coupling is to obtain an information-rich detection for both identification and quantification compared to that with a single analytical technique.
The hyphenated technique is a combination or coupling of two analytical techniques with the help of a proper interface.
The aim of the coupling is to obtain an information-rich detection for both identification and quantification compared to that with a single analytical technique.
Hyphenated techniques have received ever-increasing attention as the principal means to solve complex analytical problems.
Hyphenated techniques are widely used in chemistry and biochemistry and used for both quantitative and qualitative analysis of unknown compounds in complex natural product extracts or fraction and estimation of protein samples also.
Hyphenated technique is a combination or coupling of two analytical techniques with the help of proper interface.
In this presentation Hyphenated techniques-LC-MS/MS, GC-MS/MS, HPTLC-MS has been discussed
Richard's entangled aventures in wonderlandRichard Gill
Since the loophole-free Bell experiments of 2020 and the Nobel prizes in physics of 2022, critics of Bell's work have retreated to the fortress of super-determinism. Now, super-determinism is a derogatory word - it just means "determinism". Palmer, Hance and Hossenfelder argue that quantum mechanics and determinism are not incompatible, using a sophisticated mathematical construction based on a subtle thinning of allowed states and measurements in quantum mechanics, such that what is left appears to make Bell's argument fail, without altering the empirical predictions of quantum mechanics. I think however that it is a smoke screen, and the slogan "lost in math" comes to my mind. I will discuss some other recent disproofs of Bell's theorem using the language of causality based on causal graphs. Causal thinking is also central to law and justice. I will mention surprising connections to my work on serial killer nurse cases, in particular the Dutch case of Lucia de Berk and the current UK case of Lucy Letby.
Observation of Io’s Resurfacing via Plume Deposition Using Ground-based Adapt...Sérgio Sacani
Since volcanic activity was first discovered on Io from Voyager images in 1979, changes
on Io’s surface have been monitored from both spacecraft and ground-based telescopes.
Here, we present the highest spatial resolution images of Io ever obtained from a groundbased telescope. These images, acquired by the SHARK-VIS instrument on the Large
Binocular Telescope, show evidence of a major resurfacing event on Io’s trailing hemisphere. When compared to the most recent spacecraft images, the SHARK-VIS images
show that a plume deposit from a powerful eruption at Pillan Patera has covered part
of the long-lived Pele plume deposit. Although this type of resurfacing event may be common on Io, few have been detected due to the rarity of spacecraft visits and the previously low spatial resolution available from Earth-based telescopes. The SHARK-VIS instrument ushers in a new era of high resolution imaging of Io’s surface using adaptive
optics at visible wavelengths.
A brief information about the SCOP protein database used in bioinformatics.
The Structural Classification of Proteins (SCOP) database is a comprehensive and authoritative resource for the structural and evolutionary relationships of proteins. It provides a detailed and curated classification of protein structures, grouping them into families, superfamilies, and folds based on their structural and sequence similarities.
The increased availability of biomedical data, particularly in the public domain, offers the opportunity to better understand human health and to develop effective therapeutics for a wide range of unmet medical needs. However, data scientists remain stymied by the fact that data remain hard to find and to productively reuse because data and their metadata i) are wholly inaccessible, ii) are in non-standard or incompatible representations, iii) do not conform to community standards, and iv) have unclear or highly restricted terms and conditions that preclude legitimate reuse. These limitations require a rethink on data can be made machine and AI-ready - the key motivation behind the FAIR Guiding Principles. Concurrently, while recent efforts have explored the use of deep learning to fuse disparate data into predictive models for a wide range of biomedical applications, these models often fail even when the correct answer is already known, and fail to explain individual predictions in terms that data scientists can appreciate. These limitations suggest that new methods to produce practical artificial intelligence are still needed.
In this talk, I will discuss our work in (1) building an integrative knowledge infrastructure to prepare FAIR and "AI-ready" data and services along with (2) neurosymbolic AI methods to improve the quality of predictions and to generate plausible explanations. Attention is given to standards, platforms, and methods to wrangle knowledge into simple, but effective semantic and latent representations, and to make these available into standards-compliant and discoverable interfaces that can be used in model building, validation, and explanation. Our work, and those of others in the field, creates a baseline for building trustworthy and easy to deploy AI models in biomedicine.
Bio
Dr. Michel Dumontier is the Distinguished Professor of Data Science at Maastricht University, founder and executive director of the Institute of Data Science, and co-founder of the FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable and Reusable) data principles. His research explores socio-technological approaches for responsible discovery science, which includes collaborative multi-modal knowledge graphs, privacy-preserving distributed data mining, and AI methods for drug discovery and personalized medicine. His work is supported through the Dutch National Research Agenda, the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research, Horizon Europe, the European Open Science Cloud, the US National Institutes of Health, and a Marie-Curie Innovative Training Network. He is the editor-in-chief for the journal Data Science and is internationally recognized for his contributions in bioinformatics, biomedical informatics, and semantic technologies including ontologies and linked data.
THE IMPORTANCE OF MARTIAN ATMOSPHERE SAMPLE RETURN.Sérgio Sacani
The return of a sample of near-surface atmosphere from Mars would facilitate answers to several first-order science questions surrounding the formation and evolution of the planet. One of the important aspects of terrestrial planet formation in general is the role that primary atmospheres played in influencing the chemistry and structure of the planets and their antecedents. Studies of the martian atmosphere can be used to investigate the role of a primary atmosphere in its history. Atmosphere samples would also inform our understanding of the near-surface chemistry of the planet, and ultimately the prospects for life. High-precision isotopic analyses of constituent gases are needed to address these questions, requiring that the analyses are made on returned samples rather than in situ.
Professional air quality monitoring systems provide immediate, on-site data for analysis, compliance, and decision-making.
Monitor common gases, weather parameters, particulates.
Nutraceutical market, scope and growth: Herbal drug technologyLokesh Patil
As consumer awareness of health and wellness rises, the nutraceutical market—which includes goods like functional meals, drinks, and dietary supplements that provide health advantages beyond basic nutrition—is growing significantly. As healthcare expenses rise, the population ages, and people want natural and preventative health solutions more and more, this industry is increasing quickly. Further driving market expansion are product formulation innovations and the use of cutting-edge technology for customized nutrition. With its worldwide reach, the nutraceutical industry is expected to keep growing and provide significant chances for research and investment in a number of categories, including vitamins, minerals, probiotics, and herbal supplements.
Multi-source connectivity as the driver of solar wind variability in the heli...Sérgio Sacani
The ambient solar wind that flls the heliosphere originates from multiple
sources in the solar corona and is highly structured. It is often described
as high-speed, relatively homogeneous, plasma streams from coronal
holes and slow-speed, highly variable, streams whose source regions are
under debate. A key goal of ESA/NASA’s Solar Orbiter mission is to identify
solar wind sources and understand what drives the complexity seen in the
heliosphere. By combining magnetic feld modelling and spectroscopic
techniques with high-resolution observations and measurements, we show
that the solar wind variability detected in situ by Solar Orbiter in March
2022 is driven by spatio-temporal changes in the magnetic connectivity to
multiple sources in the solar atmosphere. The magnetic feld footpoints
connected to the spacecraft moved from the boundaries of a coronal hole
to one active region (12961) and then across to another region (12957). This
is refected in the in situ measurements, which show the transition from fast
to highly Alfvénic then to slow solar wind that is disrupted by the arrival of
a coronal mass ejection. Our results describe solar wind variability at 0.5 au
but are applicable to near-Earth observatories.
3. Introduction
•Benchmarking is defined as a technique in which an organisation
compares its performance to that of 'best in class' organisations,
discovers how other organisations achieve the levels they do, and
uses that information to improve its own performance.
• Benchmarking is the process of continually improving
the business or the organization by evaluating the scope for
improvement, comparing the current position with that of the
previous one or with the business practices of the relevant
competitors, thereby establishing standards to be achieved.
Simple means: "Improve Ourselves by learning from
others:
4. Benchmarking is a technique for analysing a company's performance by
comparing it to that of a competitor or the entire industry. How does it
measure up? The comparison is of many performance criteria such as
product or service quality, prices involved, and so on.
How to carry out Benchmarking?
Measure Performance
The first step is to measure your internal performances. One can measure
your performance from various perspectives. We can measure how
effectively the finance is being deployed by the company with respect to
the returns that it is getting.
5. Compare with Best in Class
Once you measure your internal performances, the next step is
to compare these with the best-in-class organizations. What this does
is, you can now easily check which areas are you lacking at and which
areas are you right at par with best-in-class. Once you spot areas that
you are weak at, you can then take steps to improve in those areas.
6. Reasons for Benchmarking
Benchmarking is an important tool that companies can use to stay up-
to-date with trends within their industry related to sales, customer
service and more. Using the benchmarking process, organizations can
determine the best standard of performance based on other companies'
success.
1. Increase effectiveness and efficiency
Performing regular benchmarks contributes to a company's overall
effectiveness and efficiency by allowing an organization to identify any
potential areas of improvement internally.
7. 2. Set clear business goals
Performing regular benchmarks will allow you to set clearer business goals
for your organization.
3. Provide new opportunity for discovery
Another reason why benchmarking in business is important is because it
gives you a way to discover new opportunities for increased growth and
success. This is especially important if your organization is stuck or not
moving forward in the way you want it to.
8. 4. Increase business sales performance
Benchmarking provides an opportunity to assess your sales figures
and compare them to that of the most successful organizations in
your niche or industry. For example, you could examine how much
another company is selling, how many people they have on their
sales team, how many sales teams they have and where they are
located and whether your competitors are working with other major
organizations in the form of partnerships.
9. 5. Motivate employees
Regular benchmarking in business also provides a great opportunity
to rejuvenate employees and increase their overall motivation and
contribution to the organization. The best benchmarking to increase
employee motivation is benchmark tests
6. Better understand the competition
An obvious reason why benchmarking in business is important is
that it allows you to better understand your competition as a whole.
10. 7. Improve quality of product
We can also utilise benchmarking to evaluate and enhance your
present product quality. For example, you could buy a product from a
more successful company, examine what makes it different from
yours, and devise strategies to exceed that product.
11. Types of Benchmarking
Benchmarking is a strategic activity. It requires a lot of research and
analysis. To make it efficient, the company must be clear about the type
of related strategy it must adapt to treat a specific problem area. It is
bifurcated into the following two categories each of which holds some
strategies:
Internal Benchmarking
You compare the internal performances of various departments across
different locations within your organization.
12. Either with its previous performances or with that of its competitors, i.e.,
the companies belonging to the same industry. Here, the information is
usually gathered and circulated within the organization itself.
This is easy to implement as data is not an issue. But the scope is very
limited.
External Benchmarking
It is a process of comparing the organizational methods and
performance with the other peers of the same industry.
13. Competitive Benchmarking
The companies compare their performance with that of its competitors
in the industry or across the globe. Usually, by the data collected
through associations or third party. Data collection is difficult here but
at the same time, you get great insights as to why is your competitor
performing the way it is performing.
Industry Benchmarking
In this type of benchmarking, the comparison is made with the leaders in the
field. In this category, data collection can be considered tough and tedious but
you should know that you’re comparing with the leaders and pioneers in the
14. Process of Benchmarking
Benchmarking is not an immediate solution to a problem. Instead, it is
a step by step treatment of the problem area. These steps are explained
in detail below:
15. 1. Planning: The planning phase determines the need for benchmarking and
the area which requires it. The competitors and means to collect the
relevant data are also decided at this particular stage.
2. Analysis: The Company then analyses the data so gathered to find out the
strengths of the competitors, list out its weaknesses and ways of
improvement.
3. Integration: At this phase, the analysis is reported to the top management,
and after their approval, the desired action plan with a well-defined
Process of Benchmarking Cont.……..
16. 4. Action: Now, the management has a workable plan; at this stage, the
employees execute the benchmarking plan.
5. Maturity: The final stage is maturity; it is at this phase, where the result
of using benchmarking to improve the business operations can be
observed. A successful application of benchmarking will lead to the
attainment of market leadership.
Process of Benchmarking Cont.……..
17. Advantages of Benchmarking
Benchmarking has various features that contribute a lot overall to the
organization in terms of growth, development of new divisions, new
technology adaptations and many more.
18. Improves Learning Methodology: Benchmarking works towards the
improvement in various learning methodologies adopted by the
organization. It helps the organization to learn new methods, adopt new
ideas, and new work model, etc.
Helps in raising company standards: Benchmarking contributes to raising
the company standards by comparing it with various performers in the
market. For example, by the process of benchmarking the organization
might be able to raise the overall standard of the equipment used in
production, etc.
19. Initiates Technological Upgradation: Through this strategy, the companies
get to know about the new technology and techniques which have been
adopted by the market leaders. The companies can accordingly plan for
up-gradation of its technology to sustain the competition.
Improve Company’s Standards: The company analyzes and studies the
standards of the competitors. This facilitates the company to raise its
standard of production and products accordingly.
Enhances Work Quality: It leads to organizational growth since it
improves the overall quality of the output and reduces the chances of
errors due to the standardization of business operations.
20. Improves Efficiency: The overall efficiency of the employees increases
with this practice since standardization of work motivates them to
perform better without making many mistakes.
Increases Customer Satisfaction: Feedback is always important for any
organization. By using various benchmarking methods, the organization
gains good customer feedback.
Help Overcome Weaknesses: When something is not appropriate or up to
the mark, benchmarking helps the organization to recover from the
mistake that happened by throwing some light on the areas which have
to be altered, and new ideas to improve the losses occurred.
21. Limitations of Benchmarking
Even though, there are various advantages of benchmarking there are few
limitations also which have to be considered. They are,
1. It is just a mere suggestion: Benchmarking only suggests the organization
to improve on weak factors. It does not have any proving factor to adopt
the strategy it recommends.
2. Results shown are mere numbers: The result comparisons or profit rate of
the other organization are mere numbers. Benchmarking does not show or
concentrate on minute factors that have been adopted by the other
organizations.
22. 3. Benchmarking fails when it is not properly implemented:
It has to be properly adopted by following the various data
collected. When it is not followed periodically, there might be no
net result as it is not a one day process.
4. No clarity in data produced:
Benchmarking only produces rough data and it is only the team or
board members who have to concentrate on the whole process
using the data collected.