The document summarizes a student project to design and construct a 1:5 scale model of a temporary bus shelter. It includes an introduction outlining the project requirements. The design considerations section discusses factors like weather resistance, stability, ergonomics and material suitability. Orthographic drawings and photos of the construction process are provided. Construction details show connections between structural elements. A design analysis section rationalizes design choices. Finally, the skeletal frame members of the bus shelter are listed.
The document discusses construction solutions for a community library project in Kuala Lumpur. It proposes a saw tooth steel roof system to provide even daylighting. A composite steel frame structure is proposed for its durability and lighter weight. For the facade, a bifold vertical shutter system using timber louvres is proposed for the front to provide shading, and a perforated steel facade is proposed for areas requiring visual screening. Sectional drawings show structural details and connections between the proposed systems.
Angeline Kon_Kee Hooi_0302068_BTech1-P1-Alternative Construction Solution and...Angeline KH
This project involves redesigning portions of an existing nature appreciation centre building utilizing alternative construction systems. The student is required to propose modifications to the floor, wall, roof, and basement systems and document the changes in a report and set of working drawings. Specifically, the student proposes using a composite concrete bondek floor system, glazed timber curtain wall system, steel truss roof structure with profiled metal roofing, and a newly added basement level with micropile foundation. Documentation of the redesign includes modified floor plans, elevations, sections and construction detail drawings.
1) The document describes a student project to construct a 1:5 scale model of a temporary bus station with a skeletal structure using recycled timber and steel joints.
2) It discusses the design process including mockups, as well as design considerations for weather resistance, ventilation, accessibility, and function.
3) Details are provided on the skeletal structure, material selection of timber, corrugated roofing, and concrete pad footing. Construction details like joints, structural strength, and orthographic drawings are also summarized.
This document provides details on a group project to design a 3-storey apartment block using Industrialized Building System (IBS). It includes an introduction to IBS in Malaysia, the main IBS systems used, and details on the precast concrete system being implemented. Precast components discussed include hollow core panels, slabs, beams, columns, stairs, and toilet pods. The manufacturing process for these precast elements is also summarized.
The document describes a student group project to design and construct a 1:5 scale model of a temporary bus shelter. It includes sections on design process, technical drawings, construction details, material selection, construction process, force analysis, and accessibility considerations. The group's final design uses a steel frame structure with a timber deck floor and polycarbonate roof. Key joints include a pad foundation, floor joist connections, and welded column-beam connections. The construction process is documented, highlighting the foundation pouring, floor assembly, and roof installation. Force analysis examines load distribution and concentrated loads. Weather resistance and sun orientation are also addressed.
The document provides details of a group project to construct a 1:5 scale model of a temporary bus shelter focusing on skeletal structures. It includes an introduction outlining the project objectives to understand skeletal structures and how they react under loading. Subsequent sections describe the design development process including massing studies, drawings, construction details, and structural analysis. The final model and rendering are presented, demonstrating the application of skeletal construction principles.
This document outlines the design and construction of a 1:5 scale timber bus shelter. It includes sections on the design concept, proposed designs, technical drawings, design considerations regarding weather resistance and access, selected materials, construction details showing joints, the construction process, force analysis of loads, and conclusions. The final design is a timber framed structure with a gable roof to shelter 5-6 people from rain and sun.
BUILDING CONSTRUCTION 2 - BUS SHELTER REPORTemily9199
The document provides details on the design and construction of a temporary bus shelter by a group of five students. It includes sections on the design process, considerations, drawings, construction process, details, analysis and testing. The shelter is designed to have a maximum length of 800mm, width of 400mm and height of 600mm. It utilizes a skeletal structure made of steel with a polycarbonate roof to resist loads and provide shelter.
The document discusses construction solutions for a community library project in Kuala Lumpur. It proposes a saw tooth steel roof system to provide even daylighting. A composite steel frame structure is proposed for its durability and lighter weight. For the facade, a bifold vertical shutter system using timber louvres is proposed for the front to provide shading, and a perforated steel facade is proposed for areas requiring visual screening. Sectional drawings show structural details and connections between the proposed systems.
Angeline Kon_Kee Hooi_0302068_BTech1-P1-Alternative Construction Solution and...Angeline KH
This project involves redesigning portions of an existing nature appreciation centre building utilizing alternative construction systems. The student is required to propose modifications to the floor, wall, roof, and basement systems and document the changes in a report and set of working drawings. Specifically, the student proposes using a composite concrete bondek floor system, glazed timber curtain wall system, steel truss roof structure with profiled metal roofing, and a newly added basement level with micropile foundation. Documentation of the redesign includes modified floor plans, elevations, sections and construction detail drawings.
1) The document describes a student project to construct a 1:5 scale model of a temporary bus station with a skeletal structure using recycled timber and steel joints.
2) It discusses the design process including mockups, as well as design considerations for weather resistance, ventilation, accessibility, and function.
3) Details are provided on the skeletal structure, material selection of timber, corrugated roofing, and concrete pad footing. Construction details like joints, structural strength, and orthographic drawings are also summarized.
This document provides details on a group project to design a 3-storey apartment block using Industrialized Building System (IBS). It includes an introduction to IBS in Malaysia, the main IBS systems used, and details on the precast concrete system being implemented. Precast components discussed include hollow core panels, slabs, beams, columns, stairs, and toilet pods. The manufacturing process for these precast elements is also summarized.
The document describes a student group project to design and construct a 1:5 scale model of a temporary bus shelter. It includes sections on design process, technical drawings, construction details, material selection, construction process, force analysis, and accessibility considerations. The group's final design uses a steel frame structure with a timber deck floor and polycarbonate roof. Key joints include a pad foundation, floor joist connections, and welded column-beam connections. The construction process is documented, highlighting the foundation pouring, floor assembly, and roof installation. Force analysis examines load distribution and concentrated loads. Weather resistance and sun orientation are also addressed.
The document provides details of a group project to construct a 1:5 scale model of a temporary bus shelter focusing on skeletal structures. It includes an introduction outlining the project objectives to understand skeletal structures and how they react under loading. Subsequent sections describe the design development process including massing studies, drawings, construction details, and structural analysis. The final model and rendering are presented, demonstrating the application of skeletal construction principles.
This document outlines the design and construction of a 1:5 scale timber bus shelter. It includes sections on the design concept, proposed designs, technical drawings, design considerations regarding weather resistance and access, selected materials, construction details showing joints, the construction process, force analysis of loads, and conclusions. The final design is a timber framed structure with a gable roof to shelter 5-6 people from rain and sun.
BUILDING CONSTRUCTION 2 - BUS SHELTER REPORTemily9199
The document provides details on the design and construction of a temporary bus shelter by a group of five students. It includes sections on the design process, considerations, drawings, construction process, details, analysis and testing. The shelter is designed to have a maximum length of 800mm, width of 400mm and height of 600mm. It utilizes a skeletal structure made of steel with a polycarbonate roof to resist loads and provide shelter.
This document provides details of a student project to design and build a temporary bus shelter. It includes sections on design inspiration and concept, precedent studies, structural analysis, accessibility, components, materials, joints and connections, construction process, and final design. The design was inspired by the posture of a flying bird and consists of interconnected tetrahedrons and a cuboid structure. Structural analysis was conducted to ensure the design can withstand wind and rain loads. Construction involved building the floor, seat, and roof structures and connecting the components.
Building Construction 2 - Project 1 - Temporary Bus ShelterjiuaN59
This document outlines a student project to construct a 1:5 scale model of a temporary bus shelter using skeletal bamboo construction. A group of five students chose a tetrahedron and triangular prism shape for the shelter's form due to triangles' inherent structural stability. Bamboo was selected as the primary material to demonstrate its viability for light construction applications. The document discusses the shelter's design analysis, precedent studies, design development process, construction considerations, joint designs, load transfer, and construction steps. Overall, the project aimed to prove that appropriately designed bamboo structures can serve as bus shelters or similar light construction needs.
The document provides details on 4 potential structural systems and facade systems for a proposed community library project:
1. A retractable fabric roof system that allows the space to be used indoors and outdoors.
2. Two facade systems - a terracotta sunscreen system and precast concrete pattern blocks - that provide shading while allowing natural ventilation.
3. A brick infill light steel frame wall system that uses lightweight steel framing for structural support and bricks for the facade.
4. A timber steel joist floor system that combines timber for durability with a steel web for stiffness, as well as a raft foundation to distribute weight across a large area. Each system is described in
The document provides construction details for a multi-story office and retail building including:
1) Details for the roof structure showing connections between steel beams and columns as well as eaves and drainage details.
2) A detail showing the connection between curtain walling and rainscreen cladding on the 8th floor.
3) Details for the ground floor including load bearing wall connections to curtain walling and fire door head, sill, and jamb details.
4) A detail showing the connection between the building's cavity drainage system and adjacent pavement.
5) A detail of the cavity drainage system for the lower basement level.
Project 1 Skeletal Construction (Temporary Bus Shelter) A3 ReportTan Jaden
The document summarizes the design of a temporary bus shelter constructed primarily of bamboo. Key points:
- The shelter is designed to be resistant to weather, easily accessible, light and portable using recyclable materials like bamboo and plastic bottles.
- Stress analysis found highest stresses at joints connecting the roof to columns and at the base where columns meet foundations, due to loads transferring through the structure.
- Construction followed a process of measuring, cutting, joining bamboo components with lashings and connectors to form the columns, roof structure and connections.
This document discusses precast concrete. Precast concrete uses pre-made concrete components that are cast off-site and assembled on-site. This allows for faster construction times, less waste, and more consistent quality compared to traditional concrete construction. Precast concrete can be used for floors, walls, and other building elements. It has significant market potential due to its advantages over traditional construction methods. The document recommends the use of precast concrete technology to reduce construction timelines and costs.
This document summarizes the design and construction of a temporary bus shelter. It describes the organic design inspiration taken from lily plants and how the shelter is designed to withstand weather using a curved roof. The technical drawings, materials used like glulam wood and their joints, and the construction process are documented. Load testing showed the need for bracing and moving the supporting columns to the center to evenly distribute weight. The final design uses a wide concrete base to stably support the glulam structure and roof.
This document is the structural calculation report for a 4-story hotel building. It includes general details of the building, norms and standards, structural analysis procedures, seismic considerations, structural modeling, load calculations, and structural design of elements like slabs, beams, columns, walls, foundations. The building has 4 floors with a typical floor area of 130 sqm and roof height of 2.7m. Structural analysis includes dynamic analysis, displacement verification, and obtaining forces.
The document summarizes the design and construction of a temporary bus shelter built by students. It includes:
1) An introduction describing the objective of designing and building the bus shelter using skeletal construction. Sections cover the design considerations, development, construction process, details, analysis, and materials used.
2) Details of the design development which saw improvements to structural support and stability.
3) Description of the construction process involving planning, material preparation, assembly, and finishing.
4) Explanations of the construction details for the foundation, structure, decking, seating, and roof along with relevant dimensions and connection methods.
This document provides an analysis of the site Cape Rachado, including existing structures and landscape elements. It contains details on the:
1. Concrete pathways and steps built along hiking trails from the lighthouse to the beach. Observatories, gazebos, and signage provide places for bird watching and learning.
2. Retaining walls and railings constructed from materials like concrete, wood, and steel help stabilize slopes and provide safety.
3. Surrounding forest landscape contains various tree species up to 60 meters tall, with densities and soil conditions changing from beach to inland areas.
The document describes the design process of a 1:5 scale model of a bamboo bus shelter. It discusses the design concepts, material selection, structural analysis, construction progress, and joinery techniques. Bamboo and thatched roof materials were chosen for their sustainability and ability to withstand tropical weather conditions. Various prototypes were tested before finalizing a design with diagonal bracing for the roof and inverted V bracing on the sides to reinforce the structure and distribute loads from the roof to the ground.
BUILDING CONSTRUCTION 2 ; PROJECT 1 REPORTDarshiini Vig
The document describes a student project to construct a 1:5 scale model of a temporary bus shelter with a skeletal structure using recycled materials. The team researched skeletal construction and designed a shelter combining steel and timber posts, beams, and joints. This provided structural integrity while allowing for aesthetic variations. Diagrams and photos show the design's development from initial sketches through various prototype scales to the final scaled model shelter.
Portal Frame Construction & Pre Engineered Building SystemIan Toisa
A steel structure built over a structural concept of primary members, secondary members and the cover sheeting connected to each other. The structural member are custom designed to be lighter in weight as well as high in strength.
APC has a complete range of large format pavers, mansonry pavers, retaining walls for all indoor / outdoor large format paving projects. Browse our large collection for choosing your favorite color and style! Call us at 1800 191
This document describes a project to construct a temporary bus shelter made of bamboo and other recycled materials. It discusses the design process including initial designs, final drawings and photos. The construction process is explained through sequences and progress photos. Key materials used are bamboo for the structure, plywood for subflooring and nipa palm thatching for the roof. Different types of joints and connections used in the structure are illustrated such as notching, nailing and lashing techniques. Load distribution diagrams show how stress is transferred through the curved structure. The conclusion reflects on lessons learned regarding bamboo properties, construction skills and considering strength, stiffness and stability in skeletal structures.
The document discusses various types of roof systems and components. It describes different types of roof decks including cementitious wood-fiber panels, lightweight insulating concrete, poured gypsum concrete, and structural concrete. It also discusses steel decks, thermosetting insulating fillies deck, and wood planks or panel deck. The document then discusses types of roofs including pitched or sloping roofs and flat roofs. It provides details on different forms of pitched roofs and roof truss systems including king post, queen post, mansard, steel, and composite trusses.
The document provides details of a group project to construct a 1:5 scale model of a temporary bus shelter focusing on skeletal structures. It includes an introduction outlining the objectives to understand skeletal structures and how they react under loading. Subsequent sections describe the design development process including massing studies and orthographic drawings. Construction details are shown for the foundations, frame, roof, and seating areas. Load analysis diagrams illustrate how dead loads, live loads, wind loads, and precipitation are transferred through the structure.
This document provides details of a student project to design and build a temporary bus shelter. It includes sections on design inspiration and concept, precedent studies, load distribution, weather resistance, accessibility, load testing, components, materials, joints and connections, construction process, final design, and conclusions. The design of the shelter was inspired by the posture of a flying bird and consists of interconnecting tetrahedrons and a cuboid structure.
The document provides details on the construction of a temporary bus shelter structure using a skeletal steel frame. It includes orthographic drawings showing the floor plan, elevations, and exploded axonometric view of the structure. The construction process is broken down step-by-step explaining how the steel framing, flooring, bench, columns, and roofing are assembled. Construction details are also shown highlighting dimensions and connections of the floor structure and steel framing.
The document provides details on the construction of a temporary bus shelter structure using a skeletal steel frame. It includes orthographic drawings showing the floor plan, elevations, and exploded axonometric view of the structure. The construction process is broken down step-by-step explaining how the steel framing, flooring, roof, and other components are assembled using various connection methods like welding and bolting. Dimensions and specifications are provided for the different steel beams, joists, and brackets used in constructing the skeletal frame of the temporary bus shelter.
This document provides details of a student project to design and build a temporary bus shelter. It includes sections on design inspiration and concept, precedent studies, structural analysis, accessibility, components, materials, joints and connections, construction process, and final design. The design was inspired by the posture of a flying bird and consists of interconnected tetrahedrons and a cuboid structure. Structural analysis was conducted to ensure the design can withstand wind and rain loads. Construction involved building the floor, seat, and roof structures and connecting the components.
Building Construction 2 - Project 1 - Temporary Bus ShelterjiuaN59
This document outlines a student project to construct a 1:5 scale model of a temporary bus shelter using skeletal bamboo construction. A group of five students chose a tetrahedron and triangular prism shape for the shelter's form due to triangles' inherent structural stability. Bamboo was selected as the primary material to demonstrate its viability for light construction applications. The document discusses the shelter's design analysis, precedent studies, design development process, construction considerations, joint designs, load transfer, and construction steps. Overall, the project aimed to prove that appropriately designed bamboo structures can serve as bus shelters or similar light construction needs.
The document provides details on 4 potential structural systems and facade systems for a proposed community library project:
1. A retractable fabric roof system that allows the space to be used indoors and outdoors.
2. Two facade systems - a terracotta sunscreen system and precast concrete pattern blocks - that provide shading while allowing natural ventilation.
3. A brick infill light steel frame wall system that uses lightweight steel framing for structural support and bricks for the facade.
4. A timber steel joist floor system that combines timber for durability with a steel web for stiffness, as well as a raft foundation to distribute weight across a large area. Each system is described in
The document provides construction details for a multi-story office and retail building including:
1) Details for the roof structure showing connections between steel beams and columns as well as eaves and drainage details.
2) A detail showing the connection between curtain walling and rainscreen cladding on the 8th floor.
3) Details for the ground floor including load bearing wall connections to curtain walling and fire door head, sill, and jamb details.
4) A detail showing the connection between the building's cavity drainage system and adjacent pavement.
5) A detail of the cavity drainage system for the lower basement level.
Project 1 Skeletal Construction (Temporary Bus Shelter) A3 ReportTan Jaden
The document summarizes the design of a temporary bus shelter constructed primarily of bamboo. Key points:
- The shelter is designed to be resistant to weather, easily accessible, light and portable using recyclable materials like bamboo and plastic bottles.
- Stress analysis found highest stresses at joints connecting the roof to columns and at the base where columns meet foundations, due to loads transferring through the structure.
- Construction followed a process of measuring, cutting, joining bamboo components with lashings and connectors to form the columns, roof structure and connections.
This document discusses precast concrete. Precast concrete uses pre-made concrete components that are cast off-site and assembled on-site. This allows for faster construction times, less waste, and more consistent quality compared to traditional concrete construction. Precast concrete can be used for floors, walls, and other building elements. It has significant market potential due to its advantages over traditional construction methods. The document recommends the use of precast concrete technology to reduce construction timelines and costs.
This document summarizes the design and construction of a temporary bus shelter. It describes the organic design inspiration taken from lily plants and how the shelter is designed to withstand weather using a curved roof. The technical drawings, materials used like glulam wood and their joints, and the construction process are documented. Load testing showed the need for bracing and moving the supporting columns to the center to evenly distribute weight. The final design uses a wide concrete base to stably support the glulam structure and roof.
This document is the structural calculation report for a 4-story hotel building. It includes general details of the building, norms and standards, structural analysis procedures, seismic considerations, structural modeling, load calculations, and structural design of elements like slabs, beams, columns, walls, foundations. The building has 4 floors with a typical floor area of 130 sqm and roof height of 2.7m. Structural analysis includes dynamic analysis, displacement verification, and obtaining forces.
The document summarizes the design and construction of a temporary bus shelter built by students. It includes:
1) An introduction describing the objective of designing and building the bus shelter using skeletal construction. Sections cover the design considerations, development, construction process, details, analysis, and materials used.
2) Details of the design development which saw improvements to structural support and stability.
3) Description of the construction process involving planning, material preparation, assembly, and finishing.
4) Explanations of the construction details for the foundation, structure, decking, seating, and roof along with relevant dimensions and connection methods.
This document provides an analysis of the site Cape Rachado, including existing structures and landscape elements. It contains details on the:
1. Concrete pathways and steps built along hiking trails from the lighthouse to the beach. Observatories, gazebos, and signage provide places for bird watching and learning.
2. Retaining walls and railings constructed from materials like concrete, wood, and steel help stabilize slopes and provide safety.
3. Surrounding forest landscape contains various tree species up to 60 meters tall, with densities and soil conditions changing from beach to inland areas.
The document describes the design process of a 1:5 scale model of a bamboo bus shelter. It discusses the design concepts, material selection, structural analysis, construction progress, and joinery techniques. Bamboo and thatched roof materials were chosen for their sustainability and ability to withstand tropical weather conditions. Various prototypes were tested before finalizing a design with diagonal bracing for the roof and inverted V bracing on the sides to reinforce the structure and distribute loads from the roof to the ground.
BUILDING CONSTRUCTION 2 ; PROJECT 1 REPORTDarshiini Vig
The document describes a student project to construct a 1:5 scale model of a temporary bus shelter with a skeletal structure using recycled materials. The team researched skeletal construction and designed a shelter combining steel and timber posts, beams, and joints. This provided structural integrity while allowing for aesthetic variations. Diagrams and photos show the design's development from initial sketches through various prototype scales to the final scaled model shelter.
Portal Frame Construction & Pre Engineered Building SystemIan Toisa
A steel structure built over a structural concept of primary members, secondary members and the cover sheeting connected to each other. The structural member are custom designed to be lighter in weight as well as high in strength.
APC has a complete range of large format pavers, mansonry pavers, retaining walls for all indoor / outdoor large format paving projects. Browse our large collection for choosing your favorite color and style! Call us at 1800 191
This document describes a project to construct a temporary bus shelter made of bamboo and other recycled materials. It discusses the design process including initial designs, final drawings and photos. The construction process is explained through sequences and progress photos. Key materials used are bamboo for the structure, plywood for subflooring and nipa palm thatching for the roof. Different types of joints and connections used in the structure are illustrated such as notching, nailing and lashing techniques. Load distribution diagrams show how stress is transferred through the curved structure. The conclusion reflects on lessons learned regarding bamboo properties, construction skills and considering strength, stiffness and stability in skeletal structures.
The document discusses various types of roof systems and components. It describes different types of roof decks including cementitious wood-fiber panels, lightweight insulating concrete, poured gypsum concrete, and structural concrete. It also discusses steel decks, thermosetting insulating fillies deck, and wood planks or panel deck. The document then discusses types of roofs including pitched or sloping roofs and flat roofs. It provides details on different forms of pitched roofs and roof truss systems including king post, queen post, mansard, steel, and composite trusses.
The document provides details of a group project to construct a 1:5 scale model of a temporary bus shelter focusing on skeletal structures. It includes an introduction outlining the objectives to understand skeletal structures and how they react under loading. Subsequent sections describe the design development process including massing studies and orthographic drawings. Construction details are shown for the foundations, frame, roof, and seating areas. Load analysis diagrams illustrate how dead loads, live loads, wind loads, and precipitation are transferred through the structure.
This document provides details of a student project to design and build a temporary bus shelter. It includes sections on design inspiration and concept, precedent studies, load distribution, weather resistance, accessibility, load testing, components, materials, joints and connections, construction process, final design, and conclusions. The design of the shelter was inspired by the posture of a flying bird and consists of interconnecting tetrahedrons and a cuboid structure.
The document provides details on the construction of a temporary bus shelter structure using a skeletal steel frame. It includes orthographic drawings showing the floor plan, elevations, and exploded axonometric view of the structure. The construction process is broken down step-by-step explaining how the steel framing, flooring, bench, columns, and roofing are assembled. Construction details are also shown highlighting dimensions and connections of the floor structure and steel framing.
The document provides details on the construction of a temporary bus shelter structure using a skeletal steel frame. It includes orthographic drawings showing the floor plan, elevations, and exploded axonometric view of the structure. The construction process is broken down step-by-step explaining how the steel framing, flooring, roof, and other components are assembled using various connection methods like welding and bolting. Dimensions and specifications are provided for the different steel beams, joists, and brackets used in constructing the skeletal frame of the temporary bus shelter.
1) The document outlines the design and construction process of a 1:5 scale temporary bus shelter built by a group of students. It includes sections on design concept and considerations, structural analysis, material selection, construction methodology, and problems encountered.
2) Key aspects of the design include using recycled materials, incorporating louvers and an elongated roof for weather protection, and adding a ramp for accessibility. Structural analysis examined load transfer through the frame to the foundations.
3) The construction process involved forming pad foundations, erecting a steel frame, installing the roof, flooring and seating. Joints between members used techniques like shear plates, gusset plates and clip angles. The project helped students understand structural design and
1) The document outlines the design and construction process of a 1:5 scale temporary bus shelter by a group of students. It includes sections on design concept and considerations, structural analysis, material selection, and construction methodology.
2) Key aspects of the design include using recycled materials, incorporating louvers and an elongated roof for shade and rain protection, and designing for accessibility.
3) The structural system utilizes a steel frame with H-columns, beams, and bracing to transfer loads to pad foundations. Joints are made with shear plates, gusset plates, and bolts.
This document describes a group project to design a temporary bus shelter. It includes the design concept, massing, considerations, development, drawings, specifications, material analysis, joints, construction progress, loads and forces analysis, and photos of the final model. The design uses lightweight and removable materials like timber for the structure and polycarbonate for the roof. It is designed to accommodate 5-6 passengers and protect them from weather.
1) The project involved designing and constructing a temporary bus shelter with a timber skeletal structure.
2) Key structural components included aluminium composite roof panels, timber columns, beams, rafters, floor joists, and plywood decking.
3) Joints between components such as half lap joints, birdsmouth joints, and L-brackets were used to connect the roof, floor, columns, and other elements.
4) The structure was designed to withstand dead and live loads through a system of primary and secondary columns, bracing, and load transfer down to the foundation.
The document outlines the design and construction of a 1:5 scale model of a temporary bus shelter. It describes the initial design process which included ideas inspired by a clothes drying rack. The final design features a butterfly roof structure supported by timber columns. Detailed construction steps are provided, including how the floor, walls, roof and other elements are connected through various joints like lap joints and L-shaped brackets. The project aimed to demonstrate understanding of building construction techniques.
The document describes a student group project to design and construct a 1:5 scale model of a temporary bus shelter. It includes sections on design process, technical drawings, construction details, material selection, construction process, force analysis, and accessibility considerations. The group's final design uses a steel frame structure with a timber deck floor and polycarbonate roof. Key joints include a pad foundation, floor joist connections, and welded column-beam connections. The construction process is documented, highlighting the foundation pouring, floor assembly, and roof installation. Force analysis examines load distribution and concentrated loads. Weather resistance and sun orientation are also addressed.
The document summarizes a student project to design and construct a 1:5 scale model of a temporary bus shelter with a skeletal structure. It includes sections on design considerations, material selection, construction details, load analysis, and conclusions. The final design was a hexagonal prism shape made of steel columns, beams, and channels along with a polycarbonate roof and teak wood floor that could shelter 5-6 people. Tests showed the structure could withstand the weight of six people and heavy rain. The project helped students understand skeletal construction and how structures react under loading.
The document provides details on the design and construction of a temporary bus shelter by a group of 6 students. It includes 3 mock designs that were considered before settling on a final design. The final design is a composite timber and steel structure with a sloped roof to protect passengers from rain and sun. Technical drawings and construction details are provided for the foundation, flooring, walls, seating, columns, beams, and roof. A variety of materials including timber, steel, and polycarbonate sheeting were selected to provide strength and durability while withstanding tropical weather conditions.
The Richmond Olympic Oval in Richmond, British Columbia, Canada is a multi-use sports and entertainment facility built for the 2010 Winter Olympics. It features an international speed skating oval and ice sheets housed under a distinctive curved wood wave roof structure inspired by local bird wings. The 6-acre roof structure is supported by glulam arches that spring from massive concrete buttresses. The roof and structure were constructed using innovative wood wave panels composed of vee-shaped wood members that provide space for mechanical and electrical systems. The Oval has capacity for 8,000 spectators and includes a running track, basketball courts, and fitness facilities.
1) An innovative structural steel truss system was used for the roof of a new 5,000 seat stadium at Sea World Orlando to provide an unobstructed view from all seats.
2) The roof system consisted of a curved main truss girder supported by concrete piers and 17 radial trusses framing into the girder.
3) Welded connections were used extensively to simplify fabrication and erection, reducing cost and materials compared to bolted connections while maintaining the aesthetic goals of the design.
The document summarizes a case study of a two-storey reinforced concrete bungalow located in Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia. Measurements were taken of the existing structure and 3D models were produced. The bungalow was extended on the sides and back. The structural system uses columns and beams, with identified structural elements including pads, beams, slabs, and stiffeners. An appraisal of the structural system is presented.
The document is a student project report proposing alternative construction systems for the floor, wall, roof, and basement of a Nature Appreciation Centre. It includes sections on the existing and proposed construction systems, precedent studies, materials used, advantages and disadvantages of each system, and working drawings. The proposed changes include using reinforced concrete for the ground floor, composite steel decking for the first floor, brick walls with vinyl siding and plastered interiors, and a new basement level.
This document provides details on a group project to design a 3-storey apartment block using Industrialized Building System (IBS). It includes an introduction to IBS in Malaysia, the main IBS systems used, and details on the precast concrete system being implemented. Precast components discussed include hollow core panels, slabs, beams, columns, stairs, and toilet pods. The manufacturing process for these precast elements is also outlined.
Project 1: Structural Design Post MortemDavidJPCChai
The document discusses the structural design of a Visitor Interpretive Centre building. It analyzes each of the building's structural components, including the foundation system, post and beam structure, walls, roof, and staircase. For each component, it examines the existing structural system, and proposes modifications to improve safety, feasibility, economy, and optimization. Concrete is commonly used as the primary material. The modified designs aim to ensure the structural integrity and longevity of the building.
Building Construction Project 1 Shelter ReportJoyeeLee0131
1) A group of students designed and built a portable shelter using recycled materials as part of an architecture class project.
2) The shelter was designed to support a maximum weight of 60kg and protect one person in a sitting position from the elements.
3) Through the process of designing, testing, and constructing the shelter, the students gained valuable insights into skeletal structures, appropriate material selection, and the relationship between construction and design.
Building Technology 1 Construction Solutions Reportdouglasloon
Taylor's University Lakeside Campus
School of Architecture, Building & Design
Bachelor of Science (Hons) in Architecture
Building Technology (BLD 61403)
This document provides calculations for determining the ultimate load capacity of various structural elements (beams and slabs) of a building. It includes calculations of dead loads, live loads, and ultimate loads for different sections of beams and slabs. Equilibrium and moment equations are used to calculate the reaction forces at supports. The total positive and negative bending moment areas are calculated and shown to be equal, indicating the structure is in equilibrium.
Cheng Hoon Teng Temple faces several challenges in restoring its timber structures while maintaining cultural value and sustainability. There is a limited number of competent craftsmen who can properly restore the temple's traditional timber construction techniques and ornamentation carvings. This threatens the authenticity of restoration efforts and transmission of cultural knowledge. Maintaining the authenticity of original timber materials is also important for upholding the temple's cultural significance recognized in its UNESCO restoration award. Shortages in skilled craftsmen jeopardize the accurate restoration of timber structures, carvings, and other details that embody the temple's cultural heritage.
This document provides a product catalog for electrical, plumbing, and sanitary services for a proposed 2-storey bungalow. It includes details on the electrical supply system, fittings and switches to be used. The water supply system includes components like overhead tanks, water filters, pipes, valves, and sinks. The sanitary system involves the sewage disposal and relevant laws/regulations regarding private sewerage systems.
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How to Setup Warehouse & Location in Odoo 17 InventoryCeline George
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This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
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What is Digital Literacy? A guest blog from Andy McLaughlin, University of Ab...
Bconreport
1. BACHELOR OF SCIENCE (HONS) IN ARCHITECTURE
GROUP MEMBERS:
CLARA LEE PEI LIN 0324495
JOY ANN LIM EE HSIEN 0327592
ERIC LO YANN SHIN 0324922
YUEN XUAN HUI 0324292
LEE JIA MIN 0324126
TUTOR: MR EDWIN
BUILDING CONSTRUCTION II (BLD 60703)
PROJECT 1: SKELETAL CONSTRUCTION (TEMPORARY BUS SHELTER)
3. 1.0INTRODUCTION
A bus shelter is known as a designated place where bus-
es stop for passengers to board or alight from a bus. It is a struc-
ture constructed at a bus stop, to provide seating and protec-
tion from the weather for the convenience of waiting passengers.
In this assignment, we were given a task to design and
construct a temporary bus shelter for 5 to 6 people on a
scale of 1:5. The bus shelter model has a maximum height
of 600mm and a maximum base of 400mm x 800mm. In
order to create a stable and strong structure, we have to
have a clear understanding of skeletal frames and its joints.
Before constructing the bus shelter, we had to chose two forms
to combine into a design form to base on. Initially, we chose a
hexagonal prism and a cuboid to create the bus shelter
design. But after some discussion and trial and error through model
making, it was amended to a pentagonal prism to provide stability
and strength to support the loads and forces exerted on the shelter.
03
4. The choice of materials must
be waterproof and be able
to withstand the humid and
tropical climate that we
have in Malaysia. The design
should accomodate to the
heavy rainfall and the strong
solar radiation.
Weather Resistant Stable Ergonomics Suitability of Materials
The construction of the
shelter has to be able to
resists lateral and horizontal
forces without collapsing to
dead or live loads or uplifting
due to wind loads.
The shelter has to be built
according to human
anthropometry for human
comfort and convenience
of user. It should provide
sufficient space for
maximum capacity of users.
Materials chosen need to be
appropriate and have high
durability and strength to
efficiently support the
structure. It should be locally
available and eco-friendly.
2.0 DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS 04
5. 2.1 DESIGN DEVELOPMENT
The initial design only had a seating and an X-bracing to support lateral
and horizontal forces. The overall design did not fuly apply all the struc-
tural components required from the brief and was deemed unsuitable as
it had a weak stability.
Mock Up 1 Mock Up 2
Mock Up 3
The idea of the angled roof was maintained with addition of extra beams,
columns and X-bracing to increase stability and safety of the structure.
The structure however was quite long and required additional beams and
columns for support.
The X-bracing was retained in the next model although reduced to increase
stability. A roof beam was added to suport the load of the cantilevered
pitched roof.
05
6. The finalized design is a timber skeletal frame structure with minor modifications from the previous mock up such
as adding more structural components and adjusting the dimensions of rafters, bearer and joist.
2.2 FINAL DESIGN 06
10. 4.0 CONSTRUCTION PROCESS 10
Preparation of Materials
Footing
Each timber component is
measured and marked to the
correct dimensions to be cut.
A timber block is used to represent
the concrete footing in this 1:5 model
due to sustainability issues and con-
venience as requested by our tutor.
The wood is cut according to the
marked dimensions with help
assisted by workers at the
workshop for safety and accuracy
reasons.
Gum is applied to attached the
timber pad footing and the stump.
The ends of the wood are
polishedandsandedtosmoothen
out the rough edges.
The footing is further
strengthen by nailing it.
The columns, beams, rafters,
joists, stump and footings.
The complete pad footing and
stump.
11. 4.0 CONSTRUCTION PROCESS 11
Base Frame & Flooring
Beams & Columns
Post anchor brackets are
screwed down unto the foot-
ing and then screwed unto the
ground beams or column.
The timber beams and columns
are measured, marked and cut
to create half lap joints.
The spacing for the joists are
marked and then secured to the
beam using an L bracket.
Nuts and bolts of suitable size are
prepared to secure the beam and
column together.
The position of the joist beneath
is marked on the floor panels to
be accurately nailed.
A drill is used to create holes
for the nut and bolt.
The floor panels are nailed to
the joist and beam.
The lap joint is then fixed tightly
with nut and bolt in the
intersection of the beams and
columns.
12. 4.0 CONSTRUCTION PROCESS 12
Roofing
The rafters are cut to form a
birdsmouth joint to connect
with the roof beam.
The rafters are placed with the
specific spacings and then nailed
to ensure stability.
A drill is used to screw in the
battens to the rafters.
The roof rafters, beams and
battens.
Seating
The seating panels are nailed
to the noggins.
Timber blocks are nailed
together to form a U shaped
column for the seats.
The bracings are nailed to the
columns.
The centre of the cross bracing
is tighten using nuts and bolts.
Bracing
13. 4.0 CONSTRUCTION PROCESS 13
Roofing
Two corrugated steel sheet is
placed with a metal ridge cap
placed at the centre of both sheets
to prevent leakage of rainwater.
The sheets are connected through
rivets.
Theexcessridgecapostrimmed
to fit the bus shelter.
The final model of the
temporary bus shelter
14. 5.0 CONSTRUCTION DETAILS 14
Details
Foundation Plan
Connections
Concrete Pad Footing
b) Pad footing to ground beams
Post anchor brackets are also used to connect the footing to the
ground beams.
a) Pad footing to columns
Post anchor brackets secured with nuts and bolts are used to
strengthen the connection between the timber column and con-
crete footing.
Footing dimensions: 400 x 400 x 200,
250 x 250 x 300
Column
Column
Post anchor
bracket
Post anchor
bracket
Footing
Footing
15. 5.0 CONSTRUCTION DETAILS 15
Details
Foundation Plan
Connections
Timber Base Frame
b) Ground beam to column
Rebated butt joint is used to connect the ground beam to column
and then tightly secured with an anchor bracket and nuts and
bolts to further strengthen the joint.
a) Joist to ground beam
Timber joist are cut separately to be flushed and connected to
the ground beams using an L-bracket secured with nuts and bolts.
Front & back joist dimensions: 50 x 125 x 887.5
Joist spacing: 600
Rim joist dimensions:50 x 125 x 775
Front ground beam dimensions: 75 x 200 x 3000
Middle and back ground beam: 75 x 200 x 2700
Joist
Column
L- bracket
Post anchor
bracket
Ground Beam
Ground
beam
16. 5.0 CONSTRUCTION DETAILS 16
Details
Floor Plan
Connections
Timber Flooring
a) Floor panel to ground beam/joist
Each timber floor panel is secured by nailing it to each floor joist
underneath. The floor panel located at the ends are also nailed
to the ground beam.
Floor decking dimension: 25 x 2000 x 3000
Floor panel dimension:25 x 100 x 3000
Timber planks
Ground Beam
Nails
17. 5.0 CONSTRUCTION DETAILS 17
Details
Perspective
Connections
Timber Seat
b) Seat panel to noggin
The ends of the seat panels are secured by nailing it down to the
noggin between the two columns.
a) Seat Column to flooring
Seat columns are fasten to the floor decking with L brackets.
Seat dimension:25 x 415 x 3000
Seat panel dimension:25 x 100 x 3000
Seat Column dimension:100 x 100 x 475
Nails
Flooring
Noggins
Seat Column
L-bracket
Seat Panels
18. 5.0 CONSTRUCTION DETAILS 18
Details
Perspective
Connections
Timber Column
b) Front column to tie beam
Half lap joint is used to connect the centre of the tie beams to the
front column and is secured with nuts and bolts.
a) Back column to tie beam
Rebated butt joint is used to allow the tie beams to rest flushed
on the back column and is fastened using nuts and bolts.
Front column dimension: 150 x 150 x 2900
Back column dimension:150 x 150 x 2560
Back Column
Front Column
Roof Beam
Tie Beam
19. 5.0 CONSTRUCTION DETAILS 19
Details
Perspective
Connections
Timber Roof
b) Rafter to beam
The rafter is connected to the roof beams by using a birdsmouth
joint.
a)Tie beam to roof beam
The roof beam is rested on top of the tie beam and fasten using
L brackets.
Roof beam dimension: 75 x 125 x 3000
Tie beam dimension: 75 x 125 x 2000
Ridge beam dimension: 75 x 175 x 3000
Rafter dimension: 50 x 75 x 1065
Batten dimension: 50 x 75 x 3900
Column
L bracket
Rafter
Beam
Roof Beam
20. 6.0 DESIGN ANALYSIS
The long bench allows more people to sit while
waiting for the bus.
The absence of walls maximises the ventilation in
the bus shelter and views towards the surround-
ings. This prevents from storing up and creates a
comfortable space of the bus shelter.
A 2-way roof allows more sheltered space suit-
able for tropical weather. The parallel valley
troughs of the corrugated metal sheets help to
direct water flow in one direction.
Overhang on both front and back aids in the sun
shading function of the bus shelter.
The whole structure is elevated above the ground
to prevent moisture from the ground to have di-
rect contact with the timber structure.
20
Humidity
Space
Rain Flow
Sun Shading
Ventilation
21. 6.1 TIMBER SKELETAL FRAME CONSTRUCTION
Members of Bus Shelter
21
Corrugated steel sheet roof
Timber ground beam
Timber rafter
Timber batten
Timber roof beam
Timber tie beam
Timber column
Timber X bracing
Timber K bracing
Timber floor decking
Timber rim joist
Timber joist
Timber noggin
Concrete pad foundation
Concrete stump
22. 6.1 TIMBER SKELETAL FRAME CONSTRUCTION
Horizontal and Vertical Members
Skeletal frame construction is the internal supporting structure which consists of horizontal and vertical members to support the floor, roof and wall
in a structure.
The structure had to transfer vertical forces such as dead loads, live loads, rain and gravity through the members of the frame to a suitable founda-
tion as well as withstand lateral forces such as earthquake and wind.
Vertical members:
column, rafter, seat column
Structural element that transmits, through compression the weight of
the structure above to other structural elements
Horizontal members:
ridge beam, purlin, tie beam, roof beam, joist, bearer, seat beam
Structural element that carries loads transverse to its longitudinal
axis by its internal resistances to bending.
22
23. 6.1 TIMBER SKELETAL FRAME CONSTRUCTION
Timber Bracing Systems
Structure require braces to resists sway movement from lateral forces that is caused by strong winds and disasters such as
earthquakes.
Concentric braced frames are used where both ends of the brace join at the end points of the other framing members to form
a stiff frame. This type of bracing provides the same strength in both directions.
23
Cross BracingK Bracing
24. 6.2 LOADS AND FORCES
Load System: Two Way Slab System
The structure’s load transfer mechanism channels the load to the ground in two directions. This is due to the ratio of the longer
ground beam span to shorter joist is less than 2.
Longer ground beam span = 3
Shorter joist span 2
= 1.5 > 2
24
25. 6.2 LOADS AND FORCES
a) Dead Loads
• Dead loads are static forces that act vertically downward on the
structure caused by the permanent weight of the elements and com-
ponents.
• A permanent force that remains throughout the lifespan of the struc-
ture.
b) Live Loads
• Live loads are moving or moveable loads on a structure resulting on a struc-
ture from occupancy and rainfall
• The intensity of the live loads varies depending on the usage and capacity.
• The pitched angle roof prevents the accumulation of rain on the roof, thus
increase the ability to withstand weather
c) Wind Load
• Open structure allows even distribution of wind force into the bus shelter,
causing balanced air pressure above and below the roof, reducing uplift
force on the roof
Load Systems: External Forces
25
26. 6.2 MATERIALITY
Timber
Meranti Wood - Columns, beams, rafters,
battens, floor joist, seating
Resak Wood - Stump
Plywood - Flooring
Advantages:
• Sustainable and reusable
• High in durability and strength
• Good insulator
• Cost efficient
Disadvantages
• If not treated, it has a low fire resistance
and is susceptible to shrinking, swelling
and disolouration
In-situ Concrete
Pad footing
Advantages:
• High compressive strength
• Good weather resistance
• Long-lasting and durable
• Non- combustible
Disadvantages
• Relatively low tensile strength
Corrugated Steel Sheet
Roofing
Advantages:
• High durability and long- lasting
• Provides protection against UV rays
• Albe to withstand wind loads
• Maximum shedding of rain and minimal
leakage
Disadvantages
• May cause noise during rainfall
• Susceptible to denting
26
27. 6.3 LOAD TEST 27
Roof
Test subject: 500ml water bottle (0.5kg each)
Unit: 6 water bottles
Total load: 3kg
Representation: Live loads that are imposed
on the roof, such as rain.
Test Result: Successful. The structure is able
to withstand the live loads imposed on it.
Bench
Test subject: Book A (3 kg each), Book B (1.2kg
each)
Unit: 1 Book A, 2 Book B
Total load: 5.4 kg
Representation: Live Loads imposed by peo-
ple when they sit on the bench.
Test Result: Successful. The structure is able
to withstand the live loads imposed on it.
Timber Decking
Testsubject: 500mlwaterbottle(0.5kgeach),
Book A (3 kg each), Book B (1.2kg each)
Unit: 6 water bottles, 1 Book A, 2 Book b
Total load: 9.4kg
Representation: Live Loads imposed on the
timber floor decking
Test Result: Successful. The structure is able
to withstand the live loads imposed on it.
29. 8.0CONCLUSION
In conclusion, this exploration has allowed us to apply the knowl-
edge of skeletal construction in a practical design of a bus
shelter. During the design development, it was crucial to find
a balance between design and practical constructability.
Through detailed and thorough research on various structural joints,
appropriate connections were chosen to ensure stability and withstand
the applied loads and forces. The importance of the choice of building
materials were also highlighted in order to maintain good stability. Over-
all, our temporary bus shelter was design and constructed to accom-
modate the Malaysian weather and provide users maximum comfort.
29
30. 9.0REFERENCES
Woodworking joints. (2017). Craftsmanspace.com. Retrieved 7 October 2017, from
http://www.craftsmanspace.com/knowledge/woodworking-joints.html
Ching, F., & Adams, C. (2001). Building construction illustrated (3rd ed.). Canada:
John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Baylor, C. (2017). 13 Methods of Wood Joinery Every Woodworker Should Know. The
Spruce. Retrieved 7 October 2017, from https://www.thespruce.com/wood-join-
ery-types-3536631
Lyons, A. (2007). Materials for architects and builders (3rd ed.). London: Routledge,
Taylor & Francis Group.
frames. (2012). Construction-greatopportunity.blogspot.my. Retrieved 10 October
2017, from http://construction-greatopportunity.blogspot.my/2012/03/frames.
html
Difference between One Way Slab and Two Way Slab |. (2017). CIVIL READ. Re-
trieved 11 October 2017, from https://civilread.com/differences-one-way-slab-
two-way-slab/
Timber structures Seismic Resilience. (2013). Seismicresilience.org.nz. Retrieved 11
October 2017, from http://www.seismicresilience.org.nz/topics/superstructure/
commercial-buildings/timber-structures/
What is Cross Bracing?. (2017). wiseGEEK. Retrieved 11 October 2017, from http://
www.wisegeek.com/what-is-cross-bracing.htm
Braced frames Seismic Resilience. (2017). Seismicresilience.org.nz. Retrieved 12
October 2017, from http://www.seismicresilience.org.nz/topics/superstructure/
seismic-design-concepts/braced-frames/
30