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- 2. TROY (2004) During thelate Bronze Age, Helen of Sparta becomes Helen of Troy when she leaves her husband Menelaus for a prince of Troy named Paris. Menelaus asked his brother, Agamemnon, king of Mycenae, to help him get his wife back. Agamemnon sees this as an opportunity for expanding his power and ignites the Trojan War.
- 3. 10 MAIN CHARACTES INTROY Achilles Greatest warrior in Trojan War Hector Prince of Troy, a Trojan hero & warrior Paris Prince of Troy Helen Wife of Menelaus; Run away with Paris Agamemnon King of Mycenae Briseis Lover of Achilles; cousin of the Trojan princes Priam King of Troy Menelaus King of Sparta Andromache Wife of Hector Odysseus Leader in Trojan War
- 4. SIGNIFICANT SCENE - Idea ofOdysseus - Unable to defeat the Trojans without deception, the Greeks finally decide to bring soldiers into the city inside a wooden horse and they bring the victory. TROJAN HORSE
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- 6. BASIC TIMELINE OF ANCIENTGREECE HELLENISTIC (323 – 31 BC) -Spreading of Greek culture MYCENAEAN AGE (1600 – 1100 BC) - Trojan war ARCHAIC AGE (750 – 500 BC) - The Olympic - Rise of city states - Re-established of the use of written language CLASSICAL AGE (500 – 323 BC) -Golden age - Persian War - Aristotle & Plato - Democracy MINOAN AGE (3000 – 1600 BC) - Development of art and architecture DARK AGE (1050 – 750 BC) -Time of wandering and killing - Overseas trade stopped BRONZE AGE
- 7. MYCENAEAN AGE (1600 – 1100BC) - Last phase of Bronze Age - Name derives from the site of Mycenae in the Peloponnese. - Represents the first advanced civilization in mainland Greece, with its palatial states, urban organization, works of art and writing system.
- 8. WHAT DEVELOPED MYCENAEAN CIVILIZATION? • Minoans were conquered by the Mycenaean Greeks • This conquest came at a weak period of Minoan culture • Many Minoan sites erupted. • Allowed the Mycenaeans to overthrow the Minoans and replace them as the dominant culture of the region. Conflict between Mycenaeans and Minoans Volcanic eruption on the island of Santorini near Crete
- 9. MYCENAEAN PEOPLE • The Mycenaeanswere among the first people to settle in Greece. • They are not the first literate culture in the Greek world. Instead, that honour goes to the Minoan people, from the island of Crete. • They were not completely commercially minded. Instead, like so many other ancient cultures, they thrived off of conquest.
- 10. DECLINE OF MYCENAEAN CIVILIZATION •Civil war • Slave revolts • A tribe from the north known as the Dorians invaded the Peloponnesus • Greece was subsequently thrown into a Dark Age • The written Mycenaean language was completely forgotten by the Greeks • A massive reduction in settlement sites • No more luxurious weapons and vases. CAUSES EFFECTS
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- 12. THE FOUR GOVERNMENT MONARCHY ARISTOCRACY OLIGARCHY DEMOCRACY 2,000B.C. 594 B.C. By 500 B.C. 500 B.C. Onwards • Rule by a King • Hereditary • Some by divine right • Example: Mycenae • Rule by nobles • Hereditary • Social status supports authority • Example: Early Athens • Rule by a few of powerful people • Based on wealth or ability • Ruler control over military • Example: Sparta • Rule by citizens • Majority rule decides vote • Example: Athens
- 13. MONARCHY( 2,000 B.C. )Inthe late Bronze age was monarchy. The government system of the Mycenaean was ruled by Kings who monopolized, or acquired, priestly functions. This means that the kings also served as the priests, which made it easier the to declare themselves chosen by gods. In a kingdom, as most people know, the kings or in this case, Wanax's were in charge. They chose leaders Lawagetas who were in charge of choosing civilians for other positions, and leading the army.
- 14. SOCIAL CLASSES OFMYCENAEA CIVILIZATION THE KING • Also served as the religious leader. His power probably originated from hereditary succession. This supreme monarch ruled the state from the palace, he made laws and determined the rate of taxes. • Example : Agamemnon and Priam LEADER OF THE ARMY • His duties consisted in imposing the order to the state and leading the army in military operations. Various craftsmen were employed under his service. A different opinion suggests that the Lawagetas was a kind of prince with no military or other power. • Example : Achilles , Paris and Hector RELIGIOUS OFFICIALS of the city MILITARY CAVALRY CLASS WORKERS Lawaget a Wanax Telestas Slaves SLAVES • Lowest class with no rights Equetas Quasireu
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- 16. GREEK CULTURE Traditions, religious practices,music, food are all integral part of the Greece Culture. Large numbers of religions festivals are celebrated by the Greeks with great enthusiasm.
- 17. -Greek food isfamous world wide as it offers an array of delicacies. The Greece cuisine reflects the Mediterranean style of cooking and diet. -Fruits and fresh vegetables play an important role in making some of the most well flavored and colorful Greek delicacies. GREEK FOOD
- 18. Lamb meat iswidely used in preparation of Greek Foods, especially during the religious festivals. Lots of vegetables and fruits are preferred by the Greeks. LAMB MEAT Fruits are prepared during the dinner of celebration between Sparta and Troy, especially grapes and apples. Lamb meat is prepared during the celebration for bringing peace between Sparta and Troy.
- 19. In the Mycenaeanperiod, wine took on greater cultural, religious and economic importance. Greeks embedded the arrival of winemaking culture in the mythologies of Dionysus ( The Greek god of wine) and the cultural hero Aristaeus. GREEK WINE Ancient wine bottle for keeping wine When Hector and Paris returned back to Troy from Sparta, both of them with their father, King of Troy were drink wine for thank you to the God. King Menelaus of Sparta using Greek wine to served everyone including Prince Hector and Prince Paris during the dinner of celebrate bringing peace between Sparta and Troy. AMPHO RA TRO Y
- 20. POUR WINE GREEK WINE CULTURE FESTI VALFeast ofthe wine (me-tu-wo ne-wo) was a festival in Mycenaean Greece celebrating the "month of the new wine.” Several festivals were held throughout the year in honour of the God of wine. Anthesteria marked the opening of the wine jars from the previous autumn harvest. Dionysin included theatrical performances of both comedies and tragedies in honor of the God of wine. In Greek, they will pour the wine to the ground to honour the god for protect them and their country.
- 21. BANQUET GATHERING (Symposium) The Symposium,along with the many decorations and foods that were there
- 22. BANQUET BETWEEN SPARTA ANDTROY King Menelaus of Sparta, Prince Hector and Prince Paris of Troy were having a banquet for bring peace between Sparta and Troy at Sparta. They are sitting around the long table and on the table provides a lot of food and wine. This banquet including dancing and music for entertainments.
- 23. GREEK MUSIC-Music was essentialto pattern and texture of Greek life, as it was an important feature of religious festivals, marriage and funeral rites and banquet gatherings. -A wide range of instruments were used to perform music which was played on all the manner of occasions. -Greek people thought of music as a way of honoring the gods, and making the world a more human, civilized place.
- 24. Greek musicians playedpipes, lyres, drums, and cymbals. Pipes and drums were played in a loud, lively way, for dancing during the banquet gathering between Sparta and Troy. They also play lyres which are like small harps, and sounded something like a guitar. Lyr e Karamou dzes Dao uli Cumb us
- 25. CLOTHING IN ANCIENT GREECE CHITON Asimple tunic garment of lighter linen that was worn by both genders and all ages. It consisted of a wide, rectangular tube of material secured along the shoulders and upper arms by a series of fasteners. HIMATION It was a basic outer garment worn over the peplo or chiton. It consisted of a heavy rectangular material, passing under the left arm and secured at the right shoulder. PEPLOS A predecessor to the himation, the peplos was a square piece of cloth that was originally worn over the chiton. The top third of the cloth was folded over and pinned at both shoulders, leaving the cloth open down one side. CHLAMYS Made from a seamless rectangle of woolen material about the size of a blanked , people wore it by pinning a fibulae on the right shoulder.
- 26. CLOTHING IN ANCIENT GREECECHIT ON Thispiece of cloth was popularly used both by men and women in the ancient Greece as a sleeveless shirt, and was at the height of its popularity. This rectangular piece of linen used to be draped around in many different way – the most popular way requiring fibulae to keep them in place on the shoulders and a belt on the waist. Chiton were of two types – the Doric Chiton and the Ionic Chiton.
- 27. Women and mentypically wore sandals, slippers, soft shoes, or boots. Footwear have far older history than the ancient Greek civilization. While versatile and stylish options began to appear in the late Middle Ages, the shoes of ancient Greece were largely utilitarian. CLOTHING IN ANCIENT GREECE Corthurnus Sandal FOOTW EAR
- 28. ANCIENT GREECE JEWELLERYDifferent typesof jewellery were produced in the Ancient Greece-Necklaces, earrings, pendants, pins, bracelets, armbands, thigh bands, finger rings, wreaths, diadems, and other elaborate hair ornaments. Jewellery was usually decorated by floral, animal or motives from Greek mythology (Aphrodite, Eros, Nike, Heracles). EARRINGS made of gold DIADEM BRACELET MYCENAEAN GOLD BAND RING with a stone NECKLACE
- 29. CLOTHING OF SOLDIER CORINTHIANHELMET •Made with Bronze •Cover entire head and neck with slits for the eyes and mouth. •Horse hair crest is for aesthetic purpose protection. BREASTPLATE •Made with Bronze and leather •It is design to muscle cuirass in order to fit the wearer. SHIELD •Made with layer of bronze, wood or leather. SWORD TYPE •Spartan Xyili sword •Mycenean Short sword •Mahaira sword GREAVE •Made with layer of bronze to protect legs SPEAR •Long ranged melee weapon BOW AND ARROW •Extreme long ranged shooting weapon. SOLDIER ( ARMOR)
- 30. MILITARY IN ANCIENT GREECEATHENIANMILITARY SPARTAN MILITARY •Spartan is related to the words fearless, harsh and cruel life as well as endurance. •All males are trained to master austerity, strength and fitness. •If the baby is found to be weak such as born diseased, he will left at Mount Taygetus till death. •All males must have intense physical and military training since children state. •Learn to use Phalanx formation tactic (War Formation) •Their infantries are called hoplite who has basic training and they are primarily normal citizens. ( farmers or artisans) Phalanx formation SOLDIER ( TRAINING SYSTEM)
- 31. ANCIENT GREEK FUNERAL BELIEFS Ancient Greekburial practices were highly regulated. The funeral allowed for the surviving relatives to show the depth of their familial pride and the strength of their kinship ties. It also provided an opportunity for families to display their wealth and prove their status. Ancient Greeks believed in gods and the afterlife. While the underworld was known for its terror, it was also a place of peace and pleasure for those who had done right in their lives. One particular place is the Elysian Fields—a green, pastured paradise. Elysian Fields TRADITIONS Relatives of the deceased (primarily women) will conducted the elaborate burial rituals
- 32. 1st STAGE : PROTHESIS Femalerelatives of the deceased would wash and oiled the body before dressing it in an ankle-length robe. It was then dressed in the type of clothing that befitted the deceased's status in life. The deceased's closest relative will place a coin on the deceased eyes as payment for Charon to take him across the River Styx. It then was placed on a high bier and displayed so that loved ones could come and pay their final respects.
- 33. FORMAL MOURNING MEN The formal mourningperiod thus began during the prothesis. In general, there was a distinction between the way men and women mourned. • They wont show emotion and behaved in a formal and detached manner. • The male head of the family often waited to greet guests some distance from the body. • Wear black armband WOMEN • Women will stood near the body, wailing and gesturing wildly, including pulling at their hair. • The chief mourner was the mother or the wife of the deceased. She stood near the head and often held it in her hands in grief. • Wear black clothes.
- 34. 2ND STAGE : EKPHORA Afew days after the deceased had passed, just before dawn the body could have been carried from the house to the cemetery, which would be at the edge of the borders of the town They will stop at some intersections so that the mourners could attract a large amount of public attention and therefore it was an honor for the deceased. Once at the grave, both inhumation and cremation were practiced with varying levels of popularity, depending on the time period and the geographic location. The families would mark the grave with tombs and marble statues, so that their loved one wouldn’t be forgotten
- 35. 3RD STAGE : PERIDEIPNON Afterthe Ekphora, they will held a funeral party. This would be performed in the home of the deceased. It was held in honor of the dead. After the funeral, offerings were made at the tomb on the third, ninth and 30th days after death, on the one-year anniversary and during certain universal festivals. As with the funeral, the type and structure of these offerings were highly regulated. Offerings included the sacrifice of animals, the donation of food and jewerly.
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- 37. ANCIENT GREECE RELIGION People alsowent to the temple to pray. Very often Greek houses also had an altar in the courtyard where they made offerings to the gods. The Ancient Greeks were polytheists (they worshiped many gods). Among the gods and goddesses were.. Aphrodite, goddess of beauty and love Athena, goddess of wisdom Artemis, goddess of hunting, the moon and childbirth Ares god of war
- 38. THE TWELVE OLYMPIANS GODIn the ancient Greek religion and Greek mythology, the Twelve Olympians are the major deities of the Greek pantheon. Together they presided over every aspect of human life. Although in general Hades was excluded, because he resided permanently in the underworld and never visited Olympus.
- 39. ARTEMIS Goddess of theHunt ATHENA Goddess of Wisdom and War APPOLO God of music, light, prophecy CRONUS RHEA HADES King of the underworld POSEIDON God of the sea HESTIA Goddess of the hearth DEMETER Goddess of harvest ZEUS King of the Gods HERA Queen of the Gods ARES God of War DIONYSUS God of the Vine HERMES Messenger of the gods, god of trade APHRODITE Goddess of love FAMILY TREE
- 40. APOLLON (or Apollo)was the great Olympian god of prophecy and oracles, healing, plague and disease, music, song and poetry, archery, and the protection of the young. Apollo, through his statue, hovers in the background of many scenes set inside the city. APOL LO
- 41. Priam is themost obvious believer as he states repeatedly that this war is the will of the gods and does not hold Paris or Helen responsible for the war. Priam tells Hector about a time when he prayed to Apollo to save him(Hector) and had his prayer answered, while they are standing in the temple. His thinking that the gods directly influence human lives seems to be left-over from another time. Priam, is the mythical king of Troy during the Trojan War PRIA M
- 42. From the Myrmidonssacking Apollo’s temple and killing the priests, to the decision to attack the Greeks on the beach, to the decision to bring the Trojan Horse inside Troy’s walls; each time a character places their lives in what they perceive to be “the gods’ plans” they fall victims to their piety. THE MYRMIDON S The Myrmidons or Myrmidones (Greek: Μυρμιδόνες) were a legendary people of Greek history. They were brave warriors, trained and commanded by Achilles, as described in Homer's Iliad.
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- 44. BUILDI NGS Greek architecture isa very specific and influential type of design, which was based off of the post-and-lintel system. The post-and-lintel system is made up of columns, which are large upright posts, with a roof, or architrave, over the top.
- 45. GREEK TEMPLE Column Capital Column Shaft ColumnBase Pediments Frieze Pediments Greek temple is based on pre-Hellenic Megaron -rectangular plan -longitudinal axes Structure
- 46. COLUM N The Greeks createdcolumns and architraves were carved with leaves and flowers. (All of the columns are only used for temple) Ionic columns is the thinnest and smallest columns. and the capitals at the top of the columns are decorated with scrolls and other patterns. (the Ionic representing the feminine) Doric columns have no base and the columns have a very simple capital. So, Doric buildings were the least decorated. (Vitruvius associated the Doric with masculine virtues) Corinthian order capitals are even more elaborately decorated, usually with leaves and floral patterns
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- 51. ILIAD, THEOGONY, POETRY The Iliadmentions or alludes to many of the Greek legends about the siege; the earlier events, such as the gathering of warriors for the siege, the cause of the war. Set during the Trojan War, the ten-year siege of the city of Troy (Ilium) by a coalition of Greek states, it tells of the battles and events. Theogony(The genealogy or birth of the Gods) A poem by Hesiod (8th – 7th century BC) describing the origins and genealogies of the Greek gods, composed c. 700 BC.
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- 53. WRITING SYSTEM It was derivedfrom the earlier Phoenician alphabet, and was the first alphabetic script to have distinct letters for vowels as well as consonants. It is the ancestor of the Latin and Cyrillic scripts.
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- 56. MAP Invented by WHO?US E He was the first scholar in Greek Anaximander An essential tools to define, explain, and navigate way through the world. The map was circular in form and showed the known lands of the world grouped around the Aegean Sea at the center. This was all surrounded by the ocean. CONC EPTEarth is • Cylindrical in shape • Flat surface • Round like a drum. • Stays in equilibrium at the center of the cosmos.
- 57. COINSThe first knowncoins were issued in either Lydia or Ionia in Asia Minor. Beginning around 600 BC, each Greek city-state invent its own kinds of coins MADE BY ELECTRUM an alloy of gold and silver that was highly prized and abundant in that area. US EGreek mercenaries wanted to be paid in precious metal at the conclusion of their time o service, and wanted to have their payments marked in a way that would authenticate them.
- 58. WARSHIPSPeople called theearliest Greek warships Pentekontors. Pentekontors were long, narrow ships, designed to go fast overtake other ships and attack them during war. US EFor sea trade, piracy and warfare, capable of transporting freight or troops. There are 25 rowers or oarsmen on each side. MA STA midship mast with sail could also propel the ship under favourable wind.
- 59. TROJAN HORSE Greeks used thatas a subterfuge to enter the city of Troy and win Trojan war. "Wooden Horse" (Δούρειος Ἵππος, Doúreios Híppos, in theHomeric Ionic dialect). To trick or stratagem that causes a target to invite a foe into a securely protected bastion or place US E
- 60. HOW THEY USE IT? Greekshide selected force of men inside. The Greeks pretended to sail away Trojans pulled the horse into their city as a victory trophy. At night the Greek force crept out of the horse and opened the gates for the rest of the Greek army. The Greeks entered and destroyed the city of Troy, decisively ending the war. 1 2 3 4 5
- 61. GASTRAPH ETES One of themany effective siege weapons used by Alexander the Great as he besieged Tyre -(from Ancient Greek γαστραφέτης) -English translation: "belly-releaser") -a hand-held crossbow US E
- 62. Crossbowman cocking the gastraphetes Weaponwas powered by a composite bow 1) The bow was cocked by resting the stomach in a concavity at the rear of the stock In this way considerably more energy can be summoned up than by using only one arm of the archer as in the hand-bow 2) down with all strength HOW THEY USE IT?
- 63. THE END GOH XINGXIN. TAN CHIN WERNG . LEE JIA MIN . YUEN XUAN HUI . CHEAH MAN YEE . TAN SHEN SIN . LAM ZI XUAN . WONG LIENG KAM . CHIAM SHIUN JIA . VAANARASU VASUDEVAN