As per SGBAU B.Sc. Botany Part I Semester I

2. Introduction
 Mycorrhiza – Symbiotic association
formed between roots of higher
plants and fungi.
 In Greek, mykes: mushroom or
fungi; rhiza: root.
 Discovery by German Botanist A B
Frank ( 1855) in Pine.
 90 % Plants infected with
micorrhiza-
83% Dicots, 79 % Monocots and
100 % Gymnosperms
 Convert Insoluble form of
phosphorous in soil into soluble
form.

3. Types of Mycorrhiza
 On the basis of morphological and anatomical
feature Mycorrhiza divided into 3 types.
Mycorrhiza
Endomycorrhi
za
Ectomycorrhiz
a
Ectendomycorrhi
za

4. Types of Mycorrhiza

5. Endomycorrhiza
 Mycorrhizal association in which fungal
hyphae are present on root surfaces as
individual threads that may penetrate directly
into root hairs, other epidermal cells & into
cortical cells.
1
• Vesicular Arbuscular Mycorrhiza
2
• Orchidoid Mycorrhiza
3
• Monotropoid Mycorrhiza
4
• Ericoid Mycorrhiza
5
• Arbutoid Mycorrhiza

6. 1. VAM Fungi ( Vesicular Arbuscular
Mycorrhiza )
 Important type of
endomycorrhiza.
 Fungi in VAM association
belongs to Ascomycetes,
Basidiomycetes and
zygomycetes.
 VAM generally occur in
Graminae, Palmae, Rosaceae
and Leguminosae.
 VAM Fungi are Obligate
Biotropic.
 Fungal hyphae produce thick
walled black ballon like
chlamydospores ranges
between 10-250 µm in diameter.
 Produced Singly or in clusters as
vesicle at loose end of hyphae.

7. 2. Orchidoid Mycorrhiza
 Fungi belongs to
Basidiomycotina
and colonize only
member of
orchidaceae.
 Association may
be pseudo
mycorrhizal but
plays important
role in
establishment of
orchid seedlings.

8. 3. Ericoid Mycorrhiza
 Fungal members usually
Basidiomycetous and
Ascomycotina.
 This is found in the roots
of plants belonging to
order Ericales.
 Rootlets are covered by
a loosely woven mesh of
dark brown septate
hyphae from which
branches penetrate the
cortical cells.

9. 4. Arbutoid Mycorrhiza
 Variants of
ectomycorrhiza found
in certain plants in the
ericaceae
characterized by
hyphae coils in
epidermal cell.
 A major difference
between arbutoid and
ectoycorrhizal
association is that
hyphae of former
actually penetrate
outer cortical cells and
fill them with coils

10. 5. Monotropoid Mycorrhiza
 Fungi belongs to
Basidiomycotina
 colonizing
achlorophyllous
members of
angiosperms belonging
to family monotropaceae
.
 Fungal sheath is present.

11. Ectomycorrhiza
 ECM are
association ,
where fungi form a
mantle around the
roots.
 There is no hyphal
penetration of
cells.
 Fungal hypha is
generally separate
 A distinct Hartig’s
net is present

12. Ectendomycorrhiza
 Fungi Belongs to Basidiomycotina.
 Show extensive intercellular penetration.
 Formation of ectendomycorrhiza begins with
formation of hartig’s net is present between cells
which grows behind apical meristem of growing
root.
 The Hartig’s net penetrates between the
epidermal and outer cortical cells later extends
to inner cortex

16. Application of Mycorrhiza
 Increase Nutrition uptake of plant from soil.
 Nutrition and other elements : N, K, Ca, Mg, Zn, Cu, S, B, Mo, Fe,
Mn, Cl increase diversity of plant.
 Produce uniform seedling.
 Significant role in nutrient recycling.
 More tolerant to adverse soil chemical constraints which limit crop
production.
 Increase plant resistance to diseases and drought.
 Stimulate the growth of beneficial microorganism, improve soil
structure.
 Increase absorption of phosphate by crops.
 Uptake of zinc also increases.
 Increase Uptake of Water from soil.
 Protect Plants in stress condition.