This document provides an overview of assessment, evaluation, measurement and related topics. It defines key terms like assessment, evaluation, measurement and examination. It discusses the purpose, importance and principles of assessment. It distinguishes between formative and summative assessment as well as the differences between measurement and evaluation. The document also covers topics like roles of assessment, assessment for/as/of learning, and the relationship between assessment and evaluation.

1. welcome
6/9/2020fousimohd76@gmail.com 1

2. UNIT I
BASICS OF
ASSESSMENT
O P Fousiya
Assistant prof. in Education
ATCW,Perumbilavu
6/9/2020fousimohd76@gmail.com 2

3. Assessment
6/9/2020fousimohd76@gmail.com 3

4. Evangeline Harris
Stefanakis (2002), "The
word assess comes from
the Latin assidere,
which means to sit
beside. Literally then,
to assess means to sit
beside the learner."
6/9/2020fousimohd76@gmail.com 4

5. Meaning and Definition
Assessment involves the use of empirical data on
student learning to refine programs and improve
student learning. (Allen 2004)
Assessment is the systematic basis for making
inferences about the learning and development of
students. It is the process of defining, selecting,
designing, collecting, analyzing, interpreting, and
using information to increase students’ learning and
development. (Erwin 1991)
6/9/2020fousimohd76@gmail.com 5

6. Importance of assessment
 To find out students’ knowledge, skill,performance,process
etc.
 To find out how students feel about their work
 Assessment is a key component of learning because it helps
students learn.
 Assessment can also help motivate students.
 Just as assessment helps students, assessment helps
teachers.
 Assessment is a critical step in the learning process.
 It determines whether or not the course's learning
objectives have been met.
 Assessment affects many facets of education, including
student grades, placement, and advancement as well as
curriculum, instructional needs, and school funding.
6/9/2020fousimohd76@gmail.com 6

7. Purpose of assessment
Provides diagnostic feedback
Helps educators set standards
Evaluates progress
Relates to a student's progress
Motivates performance
6/9/2020fousimohd76@gmail.com 7

8. The Functions of Assessment
Formative assessment provides diagnostic feedback to students
and instructors at short-term intervals (e.g., during a class or
on a weekly basis)
Summative assessment provides a description of students' level
of attainment upon completion of an activity, module, or
course
Evaluative assessment provides instructors with curricular
feedback (e.g., the value of a field trip or oral presentation
technique)
Educative assessment Integrated within learning activities
themselves, educative assessment builds student (and faculty)
insight and understandings about their own learning and
teaching
6/9/2020fousimohd76@gmail.com 8

9. EXAMINATION
6/9/2020fousimohd76@gmail.com 9

10. An examination,
commonly known as
exam, is a test to see
how good somebody is
at something. In
education an
examination is a test to
show the knowledge and
ability of a student.
6/9/2020fousimohd76@gmail.com 10

11. Definition
In the view of Balogun (1999), examination is
the process through which students are
evaluated or tested to find out the quality of
knowledge they have acquired within a
specified period.
Crowther (1995) define examination as a
formal test of somebody knowledge or ability
in a particular subject, especially by means of
written questions or practical exercises
6/9/2020fousimohd76@gmail.com 11

12. Measurement
 Assertain the quantity of something
 Assignment of numerical index
DEFINITION
 In its broadest sense measurement is the
assignment of numerals to objects or
events,according to rules(Stevens 1951)
 Measurement as the assignmentof numerals to
entities according to rules(Stuffebeam , DL
1968)
6/9/2020fousimohd76@gmail.com 12

13. Evaluation
 Judge the quality of something
Evaluation
Quantitative
description of
lr’s
achievement
Qualitative
description of
lr’s ability
Value judgment
about
achievement
and ability
6/9/2020fousimohd76@gmail.com 13

14. Definition of evaluation
 Education (1963) of NCERT
considers eval. as the process of
determining:
 The extent to which an objective is
being attained
 The effectiveness of the lg
experience provided in the
classroom
 How well the goals of edn have
been accomplished
6/9/2020fousimohd76@gmail.com 14

15. Definition
Cronbach and others (1980) perceive
evaluation as a systematic
examination of educational or social
programmes
Stuffebeam and others (1971) regard
evln as providing informaion for
decision making
6/9/2020fousimohd76@gmail.com 15

16. Purpose of evaluation
 Appraises status of &changes in pupil
behaviour
 Disclose pupil’s needs and possibilities
 Aids pupil teacher planning
 Expand the concept of goals beyond pure
achievement
 Improves school community relationship
 Appraises the teacher’s competence
6/9/2020fousimohd76@gmail.com 16

17.  Familiarize the teacher with the nature of pupil
learning,development & progress
 Facilitates the selection and improvement of
measuring instruments
 Appraises the supervisor’s competence
 Enhances the quality of teaching
 Helps in clarifying the objectives
 Motivates the learner
 Can help in bringing changes in the curriculum
 Can provide guidance
6/9/2020fousimohd76@gmail.com 17

18. Components of evaluation
audience
purpose
questions
scope
resources
6/9/2020fousimohd76@gmail.com 18

19. Steps of student evaluation
The criteria
(acceptable
level of
performance) of
the educational
objectives
Development
and use of
measuring
instruments
Interpretation
of measurement
data
Formulation of
judgments and
taking of
appropriate
action
6/9/2020fousimohd76@gmail.com 19

20. Types of Evaluation
process
content
outcome
impact
Program.
6/9/2020fousimohd76@gmail.com 20

21. Relationship between Measurement &
Evaluation
 Evaluation is integrated with the entire task of
education and not only with the examinations, tests and
measurement
 Evaluation encompasses tests and measurement but also
goes beyond them
 Measurement is only a tool to be used in evaluation. By
itself is meaningful but without it evaluation is likely to
be little significance
 Sound evaluation is based upon the results of accurate
and relevant measurement. It is also to be remembered
that not all uses of a test or measurement in education
can be considered evaluation for evaluation is always in
the light of some particular goal, purpose or value6/9/2020fousimohd76@gmail.com 21

22. Differences between
Measurement & Evaluation
 Quantitative
 Determines how much an
individual’s performance has
been
 Describes a situation
 Is objective and impersonal
 Precise and scientific
 Not a continuous process. It
is occasional
 Is independent of evaluation
 Limited scope
 Qualitative
 Judges how good or how
satisfactory an individual’s
performance has been
 Judges its worth or value
 Is subjective and personal to
a great extent
 Interpretative and
philosophical
 Is a continuous process.
 Correct evaluation depends
on correct measurement
 Wide scope
6/9/2020fousimohd76@gmail.com 22

23. ASSESSMENT AND
EVALUATION
6/9/2020fousimohd76@gmail.com 23

24. Fenton (1996), "Assessment is
the collection of relevant
information that may be relied on
for making decisions. Evaluation
is the application of a standard
and a decision-making system to
assessment data to produce
judgments about the amount and
adequacy of the learning that has
taken place."
6/9/2020fousimohd76@gmail.com 24

25. Every Assessment Rests on
Three Pillars
A model of how students represent knowledge
and develop competence in a content domain
• Tasks or situations that allow one to observe
students’ performance
• An interpretation method for drawing
inferences from performance evidence
6/9/2020fousimohd76@gmail.com 25

26. 6/9/2020fousimohd76@gmail.com 26

27. Difference
between
Evaluation
&Assessment
6/9/2020fousimohd76@gmail.com 27

28. Basis for
Comparison
Assessment Evaluation
Meaning
Assessment is a process of collecting,
reviewing and using data, for the purpose
of improvement in the current
performance.
Evaluation is described as an
act of passing judgement on the
basis of set of standards.
Nature Diagnostic Judgemental
What it does?
Provides feedback on performance and
areas of improvement.
Determines the extent to which
objectives are achieved.
Purpose Formative Summative
Orientation Process Oriented Product Oriented
Feedback
Based on observation and positive &
negative points.
Based on the level of quality as
per set standard.
Measurement
Standards
Absolute Comparative
6/9/2020fousimohd76@gmail.com 28

29. ROLE OFASSESSMENT
Levels of Assessment
• Classroom level – Assessment for
learning, assessment as learning and
assessment of learning all occur here. It
involves students, parents and teachers
• Whole School Level – Assessment of
learning and Assessment for learning
• At system level - Assessment of
learning:
6/9/2020fousimohd76@gmail.com 29

30. Assessment for, as and of
learning are all important in
student learning. Assessment
for learning and assessment as
learning are both referred to as
formative assessment.
Assessment of learning is
referred to as summative
assessment.
6/9/2020fousimohd76@gmail.com 30

31. 6/9/2020fousimohd76@gmail.com 31

32. 6/9/2020fousimohd76@gmail.com 32

33. FORMATIVE AND SUMMATIVE
ASSESSMENT
Honer Michael Seriven coined the terms
formative and summative evaluation in 1967,
and emphasized their differences both in
terms of the goals of the information they
seek and how the information is used.
Benjamin Bloom took up the term in 1968 in
the book Learning for Mastery to consider
formative assessment as a tool for improving
the teaching-learning process for students.
6/9/2020fousimohd76@gmail.com 33

34.  Formative evaluation is
used during the teaching
learning process to
monitor the learning
process
 Formative evaluation is
developmental in
nature. The aim of this
evaluation is to improve
student’s learning and
teacher’s teaching.
 Generally teacher made
tests are used for this
purpose.
 The test items are
prepared for limited
content area.
 Summative evaluation is
used after the course
completion to assign the
grades
 Summative evaluation is
terminal in nature. Its
purpose is to evaluate
student’s achievement.
 Generally standardized
tests are used for the
purpose
 The tests items are
prepared from the
whole content area
 It helps to judge the
appropriateness of the
instructional objectives.
6/9/2020fousimohd76@gmail.com 34

35.  It helps to know to what
extent the instructional
objectives has been
achieved.
 It provides feed-back to
the teacher to modify
the methods and to
prescribe remedial
works
 Only few skills can be
tested in this
evaluation.
 It is a continuous and
regular process.
 It considers evaluation
as a process.
 It answers to the
question, whether the
progress of the pupils in
a unit is successful?
 It helps the teacher to
know the effectiveness
of the instructional
procedure.
 Large number of skills
can be tested in this
evaluation
 It is not regular and
continuous process.
 It considers evaluation
as a product.
 It answers to the
question, the degree to
which the students have
mastered the course
content.
6/9/2020fousimohd76@gmail.com 35

36. PRINCIPLES OF ASSESSMENT
A.General principles of assessment
 valid
 reliable and consistent
 Information about assessment should be explicit,
accessible and transparent
 Assessment should be inclusive and equitable
 Assessment should be an integral part of
programme design and should relate directly to
the programme aims and learning outcomes
 The amount of assessed work should be
manageable
6/9/2020fousimohd76@gmail.com 36

37.  Formative and summative
assessment should be included in
each programme
 Timely feedback that promotes
learning and facilitates
improvement should be an
integral part of the assessment
process
 Staff development policy and
strategy should include
assessment
6/9/2020fousimohd76@gmail.com 37

38. B.Specific Principles of
Assessment
 Principles related to Selection of Methods
for assessment
 Principles related to Collection of
assessment information
 Principles related to Judging and Scoring
Student Performance
 Principles related to Summarizing and
Interpreting Results
 Principles related to Reporting
Assessment Findings 6/9/2020fousimohd76@gmail.com 38

39. Thank you ……………
6/9/2020fousimohd76@gmail.com 39