A computer network connects two or more computers to enable communication and sharing of resources. It provides advantages like resource sharing, reliability, cost savings, and powerful communication. However, it also lacks independence, requires an efficient handler, has an expensive setup cost, and poses security difficulties. Key requirements to establish a network include computers, cables, network interface cards, switches, and operating systems. Common types of networks are local area networks, wide area networks, metropolitan area networks, campus networks, enterprise private networks, backbone networks, global area networks, and the Internet.