Peer to peer networking connects computers directly without a central server. It allows for easy installation but provides less security than other network types. A client-server network has one powerful central server that clients connect to, allowing for better management, security, and data backup than a peer-to-peer network. A centralized network stores all information on a central server, making file transfers and updates easy but requiring an administrator and being unreliable if the server fails.

1. Peer to peer networking.

What is it?

Peer to peer network is simply a connection going directly without a
server.

It can be a small scale connection with copper wires connected or a
larger scale network via protocols within the computers in the
internet.

Computers running a peer to peer network run the same software
and the networking protocols.

2. Benefits and constraints.

BENEFITS

CONSTRAINTS

Easy installation and
configuration.


The connection is more reliable
even if one connection is
damaged it does not affect the
other computers on the network.
Less security. Viruses and trojans
can be passed very easily since
less protection.

Data recovery and backup
systems are very weak where
every computer in this network
should have their own backups in
case of data loss.

No proper administrator to control
the whole accessibility of the
network.

Every user can control the
network via a shared resource.

Connection startup is very cost
effective.No need of a networking
operating system.

3. Client server



In a network where a single powerful computer is centralized
as a server and other normal computers(clients) are
connected to this central computer, this type of network is
called a client server network.
Here the server’s responsibility is to distribute the commands
to the service requests issued by the clients.
A server is a host that is running one or more server
programs which share their resources with the clients.

4. Benefits
Constraints

It has a centralized architecture where
the server helps the whole network
setup.

Not as effective as a P2P network. If
the server goes down the whole
network system goes down.

There is a proper management where
an administrator can take control of
the whole network and easily access
the files.

Can lead to congestions if there is a
load of client requests from the
servers.

Need to allocate an associate for
controlling and maintaining the server.

Data backup and file recovery is
possible via the server.

Security is much effective in this
platform where the server can
determine the access rights and
usage.
Benefits and constraints.

5. Centralized network
This a network where everything is connected to a
central server.
 It stores both the user account and the other
information of the user.


6. Benefits

Files can be transferred from one
computer to another easily

Centralized printers.

Very expensive

Need of a system administrator to
control the server.
All updates can be run through the
server where it will update the whole
network applications.


Centralized information

Constraints
Centralized Data backup.
Benefits and constraints.

7. Cluster networking.


The word "cluster" is used broadly in computer networking to
refer to a number of different implementations of shared
computing resources.
Typically, a cluster integrates the resources of two or more
computing devices .

8. Benefits
Constraints
High availability for the
end users
 Highly reliable.


It requires more
hardware to maintain
 Not much flexible
 Not cost effective
Benefits and constraints.

9. Virtual networking

It is done by combining hardware and software
network resources and network functionality into a
single, software-based administrative entity.

10. Benefits
Constrains
They reduce the
hardware components
 Cost effective
 High security


This type of network has
to depend on protocols
other than IP standards.
Benefits and constraints.

11. Cloud based

Cloud computing is a type of computing that relies
on sharing computing resources rather than having
local servers or personal devices to handle
applications.

12. Benefits



Very cost effective
Easy backup and
recovery
Easy access to
information and data
Constrains


Security in the cloud
High chances of prone
attacks.
Benefits and constraints.