Basic life support is a skill each and every human is expected to master. In a world full of accidents and rancour, the ability of a citizen to perform adequate cardiopulmonary resuscitation is paramount.

1. E. A. ADAMU
DEPARTMENT OF MEDICINE AND SURGERY, COLLEGE OF
MEDICAL SCIENCES, UNIVERSITY OF MAIDUGURI, BORNO
STATE, NIGERIA.
12TH February 2021

2. Aims and Objectives
At the end of the presentation, participants should be able to;
1). Have the basic knowledge of basic life support
2). Understand its significance
3). Know-how and when to administer BLS
4). Know it's limitations/outcomes
5). Have a basic knowledge of chocking and it's management

3. Outline
• Introduction
• Definitions
• Cardiopulmonary arrest
• Features of cardiopulmonary arrest
• Causes of Cardiopulmonary arrest
• Identification of cardiopulmonary arrest
• Cardiopulmonary resuscitation
• Chain of survival
• Managementof Choking

4. Introduction
• In the developed world, BLS Certification is required
from every individual before being employed for the
most low status job you can think of such as a gardener
or a child caregiver.
• Giving BLS is a fundamental duty of every citizen.
• It is unfortunate in the developing world that a major
percentage of health workers including medical doctors
have little or no knowledge of BLS.
• This ugly trend is also aggravated by absent or epileptic
emergency medical services(EMS) in this part of the
world.

5. Introduction cont...
• It is the desire of the writer to inform and/ or
remind the audience of the importance of this life
saving procedure.
• Cardiopulmonary arrest can occur in every setting
in which most of the time takes place outside the
hospital.
• Irreversible brain damage can be avoided if timely
support is administered.
• The service is given before definitive help is
obtained.

6. Definitions
• Rescuer: is a person who gives basic life support
• Basic life support (BLS) : Is a Medical intervention
given to an individual who has developed
cardiopulmonary arrest at the scene of an event
before definitive Medical services is obtainable.
• Cardiopulmonary arrest: is the cessation in the
activity of the heart and/ or the lungs.

7. Definitions cont...
• CPR (cardiopulmonary resuscitation)– A life-saving
technique initiated in patients with cardiac arrest
and involves a combination of mouth-to-mouth
rescue breathing, chest compressions, drug and
defibrillation(shoking) used to keep vital structures
perfused with oxygenated blood, until more
definitive medical treatment is available to restore
normal heart rhythm

8. Cardiopulmonary arrest

9. Features of cardiopulmonary
arrest
• Absent peripheral pulses
• Sudden collapse
• Absent chest movement
• Gasping for air

10. Identification of cardiopulmonary
arrest
• Feel for pulsation of the carotid artery in the neck
by pressing around the angle of the jaw
• Observe chest movement
• Listen for the breath sounds

11. CHAIN OF SURVIVAL
• Chain of Survival: Describes events needed to
achieve a good outcome following CPR. They
include:
• ~ Early access to emergency services
• ~ Early bystander CPR
• ~ Early defibrillation
• ~ Early ALS

13. CARDIOPULMONARY
RESUSCITATION
• Ensure Rescuer's safety by looking upwards and
360 degrees
• Remove victim from source of the injury or
roadside
• Loudly call and shake the individual
• Lay victim on his back on a hard and flat surface.
• Feel for the carotid pulse in the neck around the
angle of the jaw.

14. CPR CONT...
• Call for help
• Start chest compressions immediately

15. CHECKING FOR RESPONSE
• Shout and Tap

16. ASSESS BREATHING
• Listen for breath
sounds
• Look for chest
movement
• Observe expired
air

17. CHEST COMPRESSIONS
• Heel position: middle of Chest and lower ½ of
sternum
• Depth: at least 2 inches(5cm)*
• Rate: At least 100 compressions per minute*
• Ratio: 30: 2
• Allow complete recoil after each compression.
• Compress as fast as you can
• The elbows should be straight so that the force will
be from the shoulder

18. CHEST COMPRESSIONS

19. CHEST COMPRESSIONS

20. AIRWAY
• Open up the airway
• Head-tilt & Chin-lift
• Jaw thrust

21. JAW THRUST

22. Rescue Breathing

23. CPR IN CHILDREN
• Two fingers chest compressions technique
• Using the thumbs

24. Two fingers chest compressions

25. Thumbs compressions

26. CONTRAINDICATIONS TO CPR
• Do not resuscitate(DNR) order
• When intervention would be medically useless
• Unsafe environment

27. WHEN TO STOP CPR
• Following return of spontaneous circulation
• Qualified help(EMS) arrive to take over
• Rescuer’s exhaustion

28. FOREIGN BODY
ASPIRATION(CHOKING)

29. FEATURES OF CHOKING
• Coughing
• Stridor
• Gasping
• Absent breathing
• Holding the neck

30. MANAGEMENT OF CHOKING
• Mild : encourage to cough
• Severe but conscious :
• -5 abdominal thrust(Hemlich's manouvre)
• -5 back blows
• Severe but unconscious : start CPR

31. HEMLICH'S MANOUVRE

32. Mgt cont...

33. MANAGEMENT OF CHOKING IN
CHILDREN

34. CPR IN SPECIAL CIRCUMSTANCES
• CPR in Pregnancy
• CPR in COVID-19era

35. CPR IN PREGNANCY
• Displace gravid uterus to avoid supine hypotension
syndrome
• -left lateral tilt with a wedge
• . - manual displacement by an assistant
• . -emergency post-mortem C/S if no return of
spontaneous circulation

36. CPR IN PREGNANCY

37. CHEST COMPRESSIONS IN
PREGNANCY

38. CPR IN COVID-19ERA
• Ensure the use of personal protective equipment
• Don't offer mouth to mouth breathing.

39. PERSONAL PROTECTIVE
EQUIPMENT

40. THANK YOU
• T
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