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cpr.pptx
- 1. CARDIOPULMONARY RESUSCITATION Guided by Dr.Shyamp warma Assistant professor SDM college of Ayurveda and hospital Hassan Presenting by Adivishwanatha gupta 1st year PG scholar
- 2. •Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)is a lifesaving technique useful in many emergencies, including heart attack or near drowning, in which someone's breathing or heartbeat has stopped. •CPR may not save the victim even when performed properly, but if started within 4 minute of cardiac arrest and defibrillation is provided within 10 minutes, a person has a of survival of 40% Introduction
- 3. Definition • Cardio PulmonaryResuscitation is a technique of basic life support for oxygenating the brain and heart until appropriate, definitive medical treatment can restore normal heart and ventilatory action. • It is series of steps used to establish artificial ventilation and circulation in the patient who is not breathing and has no cardiac activity
- 4. Purpose of cpr •To restore cardio and pulmonary function • Prevent the irreversible damage from anoxia
- 5. Indications • Cardiac arrestand respiratory arrest Causes of cardiac arrest • Hypoxia hypotension hypothermia • Hypoglycaemia • Hypo kale is • Acidosis • Cardiac tamponade • Tension pneumothorax • Thrombo embolism • Toxicity and etc
- 6. Causes for respiratoryarrest • Drowning • Stroke • Foreign body in throat • Smoke inhalation • Drug over dose • Accident or injury • Epiglottis paralysis • Poisoning
- 7. • CPR canbe done by any one ,who has knowledge of it • It can be classified into two method • BLS – basic life support(done by any one medico or non medico without equipment’s) • ACLS – advance cardiac life support • Done by medico with full of equipment • Done in fully equipped area like hospitals or ambulance
- 8. Basic life support •Approach safely • Check response • Shout for help • Open airway • Check breathing • Call 108 • Start chest compressions
- 9. Check response • Shakethe shoulders gently • Shout or speak near ear (ask are you all right ) • Try to wake him up
- 10. Check breathing andpulse • Look listen and feel for normal breathing • If agonal breathing is it is sign of cardiac arrest • (Agonal breathing is a barely heavy noisy or gasping breathing ) • Check pulse radial or carotid
- 11. Airway • Check airway • For any foreign body • If absent start cpr chest compression followed with rescue breathing • If foreign is visible do finger sweep (not in the conscious person ) • (Try to remove the foreign body using fingers ) • Head tilt +chin lift + jaw thrust position to clear the air way
- 14. Heimlich manoeuvre: • ifthe pt is conscious or the foreign body cannot be removed by a finger sweep. • It is done while the pt is standing up or lying down. • This is a subdiaphragmatic abdominal thrust that elevates the diaphragm expelling a blast of air from the lungs that displaces the foreign body. • In infants his can be done by a series of blows on he back and chest thrusts
- 16. Chest compression orcardiac massage • The human brain cannot survive more than 3minutes with lack of circulation ,so chest compression must be started immediately for any patients with absent central pulsation (carotid pulse )
- 17. Technique of chestcompression • Pt should be placed on hard surface • The palm of one hand is placed in the con cavity of the lower half the sternum two fingers above the xiphoid process ( xiphisternal junction) • The other hand is placed over the hand which is on sternum • Shoulders should be positioned directly over the hands with the elbows locked straight and arms extended. Use your upper body weight to compress. • Sternum must be depressed atleast 5 cm in adults, and 2-4 cm in children, 1-2 cm in infants .
- 18. • Push hardand push fast • Must be performed at a rate of 100-120 /min • During compression ventilation is provided simultaneously • The ratio of chest compression and ventilation should be 30:2 when single rescuer is present when more than one chest compression should not be interrupted for ventilation • Chest compressions must be continued for 2 minute before reassessment of cardiac rhythm. • (2 minutes = equivalent to 5 cycles 30:2).
- 23. Breathing • Mouth tomouth breathing: with the airway held open, pinch the nostrils closed, take a deep breath and seal your lips over he patients mouth. Blow steadily into the patients mouth watching the chest rise as if the patient was taking a deep breath • Mouth to nose breathing seal the mouth shut and breath steadily though the nose • Mouth to mouth and nose is used in infants and small children
- 26. When to terminatethe cpr • Pulse and respiration returns • Emergency medical help arrives • Physician declared patient is decease (dead) • the rescuer was exhausted and physically unable to continue to perform BLS
- 27. A(C)LS– ADVANCE (CARDIAC)LIFESUPPORT • Includes • Circulation by cardiac massage • Airway management by equipment • Breathing by advanced techniques • Defibrillation by manual defibrillator • Drugs
- 28. • There isno change in chest compression method or rate in acls • Airway and breathing method will be done by advanced equipment and techniques • Use of drugs is present based on conditions
- 29. Airway and breathing •Face mask • Oropharyngeal airway • Nasopharyngeal airway • Laryngeal mask • Endotracheal tube • Combitube • Cricothyrotomy • Tracheostomy
- 31. Level of oxygensupplied by different methods • Expired air = 16% O2 • Ambu Bag (room air) = 21% • Ambubag+ O2 = 45% O2 O2 (10-15L) • AmbuBag+O2+ Reservoir bag = 85% O2
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- 34. Oropharyngeal airway • Basedof size of the person different sized mouth gag is used
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- 42. TRACHEOSTOMY Indications • Laryngeal edema •Where Endotrachial intubation not possible • When pt is going to be ventilator for long period • Paralysis of glottis
- 43. Defibrillator • To activatethe electric impulse in cardia • Indicated in VT ,VF,asystol etc • Placement of leads is very imp • Cardiac activity should be checked after each defibrillation shock used • Left lead is placed on left mid clavicular line and right lid placed on right supra axillary line
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