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Basic life support (BLS)
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- 2. BASIC LIFE SUPPORT(BLS) •DEFINITION BLS refers to the care healthcare providers and public professionals provide to patients who are experiencing respiratory arrest , cardiac arrest or airway obstruction * BLS includes psychomotor skills for performing high quality Cardiopulmonary resuscitation(CPR), Using an automated external defibrillator(AED) And relieving an obstructed airway for patients for all ages.
- 3. SEQUENCE OF BLS C •Circulation A • Airway B • Breathing
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- 5. CARDIOPULMONARY RESUSCITATION THREE BASIC VITALFUNCTIONS: BREATHING CIRCULATION CONSCIOUSNESS
- 6. INDICATION OF CPR TO VICTIMS WITH UNEXPECTED CARDIAC ARREST IN OTHERWISE HEALTHY INDIVIDUALS … = TO THOSE, WHO CAN BE DESCRIBED AS HAVING ”HEART TOO GOOD TO DIE”
- 7. • malignant arrhythmia •acute myocardial infarction (AMI) • pulmonary embolism • intoxication • electrocution • drowning • acute suffocation • severe trauma • stroke and alike Indication of CPR
- 8. SIGNS OF CARDIAC ARREST(GUIDELINES 2000) 1. UNCONSCIOUSNESS IN SEVERAL SECONDS 2. RESPIRATORY ARREST ( APNEA) OR THE LAST GASPS (1-3 MINUTES AFTER CARDIAC ARREST) 3. PULSE-LESS ON LARGE ( MAJOR) ARTERIES (CAROTID OR FEMORAL ARTERY) 4. CHANGED GENERAL APPEARANCE (COLOUR CHANGES, FACE CHANGES…) 5. PUPILS DILATION (MYDRIASIS) – NOT RELIABLE
- 9. SIGNS OF CARDIAC ARREST(GUIDELINES 2005) 1. UNCONSCIOUSNESS 2. NO REACTIVITY 3. ABSENCE OF NORMAL BREATHING VICTIM IS UN RESPONSIVE ,BREATHING AND PULSE ABSENT
- 10. FOR CPR 1. RESCUER’SSAFETY = THE FIRST PRIORITY 2. TO ASSESS THE RISK OF TRAUMA, INTOXICATION, INFECTION … 3. A VICTIM POSITION: SUPINE ON TO HIS/HER BACK 4. ON THE FIRM FLAT SURFACE TO MAKE EFFECTIVE CHEST COMPRESSIONS 5. VICTIM´S POSITION IN RELATION TO RESCUER´S POSITION 6. CPR DURING TRANSFER ???
- 11. The rescuer shouldnever place him/herself or others at more risk than the victim • before starting resuscitation – assess the risks of ongoing traffic, falling masonry, electrocution, toxic fumes and poisons • risk of infections transmission • bloodborne infections (hepatitis B and C, HIV) - can be transmitted by blood and other body solutions, excretes • airborne infections (TBC and several infectious diseases - herpetic, meningococcal etc. - can be transmitted by mouth-to-mouth breathing Rescuer’s safety
- 12. • Always: protectyourself !!! • personal protective equipment (gloves) • barrier protective devices • Moth – to - barrier protective devices breathing Rescuer’s safety
- 13. CARDIOPULMONARY RESUSCITATION BARRIER DEVICES S – TUBE FACE SHIELDS (RESUSCITATION VEIL ) POCKET FACE MASK + ONE-WAY VALVE HANDKERCHIEF TOWEL
- 14. STOP CPR IF •Victim starts to breathe normally • Medical assistance arrives and instructs you to stop CPR • You are physically exhausted
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- 16. Kneel by theside of the victim BLS sequence
- 17. Shake shoulders Ask “Areyou all right?” BLS sequence In childrens, Check response by grasping in the foot.
- 18. If he responds •Leave as you find him • Find out what is wrong • Reassess regularly BLS sequence
- 19. Unresponsive Shout for help BLSsequence
- 20. Unresponsive Shout for help andactivate EMS Open airway BLS sequence OPEN AIRWAY * Head tilt and chin lift method * Jaw thrust maneuver
- 21. Unresponsive Shout for help andactivate EMS Open airway Check breathing BLS sequence
- 22. • Look, listenand feel for NORMAL breathing • No breathing – apnea • Gasps (agonal breathing) BLS sequence
- 23. BLS SEQUENCE • Positionyour cheek close to victim’s nose&mouth,look toward victim’s chest • By placing fingers on nostrils • By placing fingers on chest
- 24. Unresponsive Shout for help Openairway Check breathing Check pulse BLS sequence
- 25. BLS sequence CHECK PULSE *Check by using three finger method * Carotid pulse in adults * Brachial pulse in children * Check pulse about 6-10 sec
- 26. IF PULSE ISABSENT , START CPR
- 27. Unresponsive Shout for help andactivate EMS Open airway Check breathing Check pulse 30 chest compressions BLS sequence
- 28. Chest compression Placethe heel of dominant hand in the centre of the chest(Between two nipples) Place other hand on top Interlock fingers Compress the chest Rate 100-120 min-1 Depth 4-5 cm(2-2.4 inches) in adults 1-1.5 inches in children Equal compression : relaxation Only hip joint of rescuer is allow to move during chest compression When possible (2 or more rescuers) change CPR operator every 5 cycle to prevent fatigue
- 29. Chest compression TWO RESCUERSAVIALABLE • 30: 2 IN ADULT • 15:2 IN CHILDREN
- 30. Unresponsive Shout for help andactivate EMS Open airway Check breathing Check pulse 30 chest compressions 2 rescue breaths Chest compression
- 31. OPEN AIRWAY Head tiltand chin lift method Jaw thrust method
- 32. • Pinch nose •Place and seal your lips over the victim´s mouth • Blow until the chest rises • Takes about 1 second • Allow chest to fall • Repeat (10 – 12 times per minute) 2 rescue breaths
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- 34. Ratio 30 :2 One uniform ratio • always in adults if two rescuer is present • in children when the rescuer is alone
- 35. Ratio 15 :2 Always in childrens if two rescuer is present
- 36. IF VICTIM STARTSTO BREATHE NORMALLY PLACE HIM IN RECOVERY POSITION LEFT LATERAL POSITION
- 37. COMPLICATIONS DURING CPR GASTRIC DISTENSION –OFTEN IN CHILDREN Prevention: avoid overinflating the lungs appropriate volume making the chest rise RIB FRACTURES Prevention: correct hand´s position do not remove hands from the chest wall prevent “dancing on the chest“) GASTRIC CONTENT (OR OTHER FLUIDS) ASPIRATION Prevention: prevent gastric distension recovery position in unconscious victims