IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
This document summarizes research conducted on the failure of an 8000-ton heavy duty press. The researchers created a 3D model of the upper tool part and conducted finite element analysis to determine the stresses and strains. They found that low cycle fatigue was the mechanism responsible for failure of the upper tool part. Recommendations were made to stiffen the upper tool part to extend its life by reducing stresses. Submodeling and Neuber's approximation method were used to better understand stress distributions and strains in the upper tool part. The analyses identified low cycle fatigue as the cause of failure and provided suggestions to strengthen the tool and prolong its useful life.
Welcome to International Journal of Engineering Research and Development (IJE...IJERD Editor
This document describes the design optimization of a tipper truck body. Three existing tipper truck body models were modeled and analyzed using finite element analysis software. The analyses found the maximum equivalent stress and total deformation for each model. An optimized model was then developed with reduced weight and stress compared to the original models. The optimized model had a mass of 413.04kg, maximum equivalent stress of 166.01MPa, and maximum deformation of 16.215mm, representing improvements over the original designs. The analyses demonstrated the ability to optimize truck body design for reduced weight and stress.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Design methods for torsional buckling of steel structuresBegum Emte Ajom
The document discusses methods for designing steel structures to resist torsional buckling. It summarizes clauses from Eurocode 3 that provide equations for calculating the elastic critical buckling moment and determining the reduction factor used to calculate the design bending strength. It also presents simplified equations that can be used to calculate the elastic critical buckling moment for common steel beam sections. Additional guidance is provided for calculating the critical buckling moment for non-symmetric sections and when bending occurs about the major axis.
Non Linear Finite Element Method of Analysis of Reinforced Concrete Deep BeamIJMER
ABSTRACT: This paper describes analysis of deep beams subjected to two point loading with three different L/D ratios
(1.5, 1.6, 1.71) using Non-linear Finite element method (ANSYS 9.0 software) in order to investigate the stress and strain
distribution pattern at mid-section of the beam. In ANSYS 9.0 software, SOLID 65 and LINK 8 element represent concrete
and reinforcing steel bars. Non-linear material properties were defined for both elements .Using ANSYS software Flexural
Strains and Stresses were determined at mid-section of the beam and shear stresses near the support of the beam. Also the
failure crack-patterns were obtained. Variation of flexural stresses and strains, shear stresses were plotted. It was found that
the smaller the span/depth ratio, the more pronounced is the deviation of strain pattern at mid-section of the beam.
Keywords: Deep Beam, Non-Linear Finite element method, ANSYS 9.0. L/D (Span to depth).
IRJET- Finite Element Analysis of Slabs, Cross Girders and Main Girders in RC...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a finite element analysis of T-beam bridge structures. The analysis varied parameters like bridge span (8m to 28m), slab size (3x2m to 5x4m), and slab depth (200mm to 300mm). Bridges were modeled in SAP2000 software and subjected to different live load standards (IRC Class AA Tracked, IRC Class 70R Tracked). Results showed bending moments, shear forces, and deflections increased with larger spans and live loads. The IRC Class AA loading produced the highest values. Slab and girder responses like maximum positive and negative bending moments were also presented.
we using lathe bed choose different materials and using creo and ansys we conclude some results that which material is best, also we remove some materials in order to reduce cost and weight.
This document summarizes research conducted on the failure of an 8000-ton heavy duty press. The researchers created a 3D model of the upper tool part and conducted finite element analysis to determine the stresses and strains. They found that low cycle fatigue was the mechanism responsible for failure of the upper tool part. Recommendations were made to stiffen the upper tool part to extend its life by reducing stresses. Submodeling and Neuber's approximation method were used to better understand stress distributions and strains in the upper tool part. The analyses identified low cycle fatigue as the cause of failure and provided suggestions to strengthen the tool and prolong its useful life.
Welcome to International Journal of Engineering Research and Development (IJE...IJERD Editor
This document describes the design optimization of a tipper truck body. Three existing tipper truck body models were modeled and analyzed using finite element analysis software. The analyses found the maximum equivalent stress and total deformation for each model. An optimized model was then developed with reduced weight and stress compared to the original models. The optimized model had a mass of 413.04kg, maximum equivalent stress of 166.01MPa, and maximum deformation of 16.215mm, representing improvements over the original designs. The analyses demonstrated the ability to optimize truck body design for reduced weight and stress.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Design methods for torsional buckling of steel structuresBegum Emte Ajom
The document discusses methods for designing steel structures to resist torsional buckling. It summarizes clauses from Eurocode 3 that provide equations for calculating the elastic critical buckling moment and determining the reduction factor used to calculate the design bending strength. It also presents simplified equations that can be used to calculate the elastic critical buckling moment for common steel beam sections. Additional guidance is provided for calculating the critical buckling moment for non-symmetric sections and when bending occurs about the major axis.
Non Linear Finite Element Method of Analysis of Reinforced Concrete Deep BeamIJMER
ABSTRACT: This paper describes analysis of deep beams subjected to two point loading with three different L/D ratios
(1.5, 1.6, 1.71) using Non-linear Finite element method (ANSYS 9.0 software) in order to investigate the stress and strain
distribution pattern at mid-section of the beam. In ANSYS 9.0 software, SOLID 65 and LINK 8 element represent concrete
and reinforcing steel bars. Non-linear material properties were defined for both elements .Using ANSYS software Flexural
Strains and Stresses were determined at mid-section of the beam and shear stresses near the support of the beam. Also the
failure crack-patterns were obtained. Variation of flexural stresses and strains, shear stresses were plotted. It was found that
the smaller the span/depth ratio, the more pronounced is the deviation of strain pattern at mid-section of the beam.
Keywords: Deep Beam, Non-Linear Finite element method, ANSYS 9.0. L/D (Span to depth).
IRJET- Finite Element Analysis of Slabs, Cross Girders and Main Girders in RC...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a finite element analysis of T-beam bridge structures. The analysis varied parameters like bridge span (8m to 28m), slab size (3x2m to 5x4m), and slab depth (200mm to 300mm). Bridges were modeled in SAP2000 software and subjected to different live load standards (IRC Class AA Tracked, IRC Class 70R Tracked). Results showed bending moments, shear forces, and deflections increased with larger spans and live loads. The IRC Class AA loading produced the highest values. Slab and girder responses like maximum positive and negative bending moments were also presented.
we using lathe bed choose different materials and using creo and ansys we conclude some results that which material is best, also we remove some materials in order to reduce cost and weight.
Stress Distribution Analysis of Rear Axle Housing by using Finite Elements A...theijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
Experimental and Numerical Assessment of Crash Behavior of Welded Thin Wall R...IDES Editor
The crash behavior of Cold Rolled Mild Steel
(CRMS) closed form thin section produced by stitch welding
at periodic intervals of length was studied by conducting axial
compressive tests at loading velocities of 5 mm/min and 6000
mm/min. The deformation shape, peak forces and energy
absorption capacity of the sections estimated numerically
showed a good correlation with the experimental data.
This document analyzes the fatigue behavior of two high-strength steels, HR590 and HR590DP. Low-cycle fatigue testing was conducted to characterize the mechanical properties of each steel and quantify their strain-life relationships. The precipitation strengthened HR590 showed more resistance to plastic deformation than the dual phase HR590DP. Future work is recommended to further study dislocation behavior, establish high-cycle fatigue properties, and test notched specimens and full components under dynamic loading.
Flexural behaviour of reinforced cement concrete beam wrapped with gfrp sheeteSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Analysis of R.C Deep Beam by Finite Element MethodIJMER
ABSTRACT : The analytical study of reinforced concrete simply supported deep beams subjected to two point loads was
carried out using finite element method to study the behavior of deep beam by considering flexural stress, flexural strain,
and shear stress variations at different sections for various effective lengths to depth ratio and compared with EulerBernoulli Theory. The effective span to depth ratios of the beams considered were 1.25, 1.375 and 1.5
Keywords: Finite Element Method (FEM), Reinforced Concrete (R.C) deep beam, Shear strength.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
Design of Engine Mount Bracket for a FSAE Car Using Finite Element AnalysisIJERA Editor
Engine mounts have an important function of containing firmly the power-train components of a vehicle. Correct geometry and positioning of the mount brackets on the chassis ensures a good ride quality and performance. As an FSAE car intends to be a high performance vehicle, the brackets on the frame that support the engine undergo high static and dynamic stresses as well as huge amount of vibrations. Hence, dissipating the vibrational energy and keeping the stresses under a pre-determined level of safety should be achieved by careful designing and analysis of the mount brackets. Keeping this in mind the current paper discusses the modeling, Finite Element Analysis, Modal analysis and mass optimization of engine mount brackets for a FSAE car. As the brackets tend to undergo continuous vibrations and varying stresses, the fatigue strength and durability calculations also have been done to ensure engine safety.
Material Optimization and Weight Reduction of Drive Shaft Using Composite Mat...IOSR Journals
The objective of the drive shaft is to connect with the transmission shaft with the help of universal joint whose axis intersects and the rotation of one shaft about its own axis results in rotation of other shaft about its axis. Shafts must be exceptionally tough and light to improve the overall performance of the vehicle. Automobile industries are exploring composite materials in order to obtain reduction of weight without significant decrease in vehicle quality and reliability. This is due to the fact that the reduction of weight of a vehicle directly impacts its fuel consumption. Particularly in city driving, the reduction of weight is almost directly proportional to fuel consumption of the vehicle. Also at the start of vehicle the most of the power get consumed in driving transmission system, if we able to reduce the weight of the propeller shaft that surplus available power can be used to propel the vehicle. Thus, in this paper, the aim is to replace a two-piece metallic drive shaft by a composite drive shaft. The following materials can be chosen Steel, Boron/Epoxy Composite, Kevlar/Epoxy Composite, Aluminum – Glass/Epoxy Hybrid, Carbon – Glass/Epoxy Hybrid. The analysis was carried out for three different ply orientations of the composites in order to suggest the most suitable ply orientation of the material that would give the maximum weight reduction while conforming to the stringent design parameters of passenger cars and light commercial vehicle.
Stress Analysis of Automotive Chassis with Various ThicknessesIOSR Journals
Abstract : This paper presents, stress analysis of a ladder type low loader truck chassis structure consisting of
C-beams design for application of 7.5 tonne was performed by using FEM. The commercial finite element
package CATIA version 5 was used for the solution of the problem. To reduce the expenses of the chassis of the
trucks, the chassis structure design should be changed or the thickness should be decreased. Also determination
of the stresses of a truck chassis before manufacturing is important due to the design improvement. In order to
achieve a reduction in the magnitude of stress at critical point of the chassis frame, side member thickness,
cross member thickness and position of cross member from rear end were varied. Numerical results showed that
if the thickness change is not possible, changing the position of cross member may be a good alternative.
Computed results are then compared to analytical calculation, where it is found that the maximum deflection
agrees well with theoretical approximation but varies on the magnitude aspect.
Keywords - Stress analysis, fatigue life prediction and finite element method etc.
This document provides an overview of spur gear design, including surface durability concepts, common failure modes, and equations for calculating contact stress. It discusses Buckingham's contact stress equation and modifications made by AGMA to account for factors like velocity, overload, and load distribution. Methods for determining the surface fatigue strength of gear materials are presented. Finally, common materials used for gears like cast iron, steel, and bronze are described.
SLIDING WEAR OF AA6061/CARBON BLACK METAL MATRIX COMPOSITESIAEME Publication
In this study, the effects of carbon black amount on fracture and wear behaviors of AA6061-carbon black metal matrix composites produced by stir casting route were investigated. Wear tests were performed in a pin on type wear apparatus under different loads of 10, 20, 30 N with different sliding speeds of 2, 3 and 4 m/s, at three different sliding distances of 500, 750 and 1000 m. The design of experiments was carried out as per Taguchi technique. Wear rate function was determined in terms of volume fraction, normal load, sliding speed and sliding distance. It was found that there was a good agreement between the theoretical and the experimental value of wear rate. Maximum sliding wear of 68.72% was attributed sliding distance. Sliding wear resistance increases by 42.56% for AA6061/30%CB metal matrix composites as compared to the matrix alloy AA6061
INVESTIGATION OF COMPOSITE TORSION SHAFT USING MATERIAL MATRIX IN FEAIjripublishers Ijri
have found application in many areas of daily life for quite some time. Often it is not realized that the application makes
use of composite materials.
This research attempt is made to evaluate the sustainability of composite material such as FRP (fiber rein forced polymer)
and CRFP (carbon reinforced fiber polymer) epoxy/glass for the purpose of automotive transmission application
using finite element method in Ansys.
Initially literature review will be done to understand the approach.
3D model will be prepared to carryout analysis on model.
Structural and vibrational analysis will be done by implementing different layer orientations on FRP & CRFP’S.
1. The document analyzes damage tolerance of a fuselage stiffened panel using finite element analysis. It calculates stress intensity factors for longitudinal cracks initiated at rivet holes under internal pressurization loads.
2. The stress intensity factor is calculated using the modified virtual crack closure integral method for crack lengths from 50mm to 1000mm. The stress intensity factor increases with crack length but decreases when the crack reaches frames.
3. For a crack length of 900mm, the calculated stress intensity factor is below the material's fracture toughness, indicating the design is safe for the analyzed internal pressurization loads.
Performance Optimization of Tie rod using FEAIJERD Editor
Structural performance of any mechanical component is measured basically in terms of its natural frequency, deformation, stiffness, maximum stress level, fatigue life etc. In case of vehicle suspension system; however tie rod is mainly under compressive and fluctuating forces encounter from steering and bumping of vehicle. When steering acts to turn the vehicle, tie rod comes under compressive load. And when vehicle running on rough road condition, fluctuating forces.
IRJET- Experimental Study on Behaviour of Strengthened R.C.C Column using Ext...IRJET Journal
The document presents an experimental study that investigated the behavior and load carrying capacity of reinforced concrete columns strengthened with external steel confinement. Four column specimens were tested: one unconfined conventional column, two confined with steel battens, and one with additional steel rods. The confined columns exhibited higher load capacities, energy absorption, and ductility than the conventional column. The top, middle, and bottom batten confinement provided the highest resistance to loading and failure initiated by buckling of the steel angles after yielding. The study demonstrated that external steel confinement can effectively strengthen reinforced concrete columns.
This document describes the design and analysis of a high speed milling spindle to minimize deflection. Various spindle diameters and bearing configurations were considered, including duplex and triplet bearing arrangements. Static analysis was performed to calculate spindle nose deflection from bending and bearing elasticity. The optimum bearing span length that minimizes deflection was determined analytically and verified using ANSYS software. Results showed that bearing stiffness and span length significantly impact spindle deflection, with shorter spans and higher stiffness bearings reducing deflection.
IRJET- Optimal Design and Analysis of a Stringer-Stiffened Composite Payload ...IRJET Journal
This document describes the optimal design and analysis of a composite payload adapter with two different configurations: a monocoque structure and a stringer-stiffened structure. Finite element modeling and analysis was performed to minimize the mass of each structure while meeting strength, stiffness, and buckling requirements. The results showed that using composite laminates instead of aluminum reduced the mass by over 50% for both configurations. Specifically, the optimized monocoque structure mass was reduced from 62.35kg (aluminum) to 30.31kg (composite) and the stringer-stiffened structure mass was reduced from 55.1kg to 21.79kg by using composites. The stringer-stiffened configuration was found to be lighter
Research Inventy : International Journal of Engineering and Science is published by the group of young academic and industrial researchers with 12 Issues per year. It is an online as well as print version open access journal that provides rapid publication (monthly) of articles in all areas of the subject such as: civil, mechanical, chemical, electronic and computer engineering as well as production and information technology. The Journal welcomes the submission of manuscripts that meet the general criteria of significance and scientific excellence. Papers will be published by rapid process within 20 days after acceptance and peer review process takes only 7 days. All articles published in Research Inventy will be peer-reviewed.
FINITE ELEMENT MODELING, ANALYSIS AND VALIDATION OF THE FLEXURAL CAPACITY OF ...Sadia Mitu
This document presents research on modeling the flexural capacity of steel fiber reinforced concrete (SFRC) beams. It describes an experimental program that tested RC beams with different steel fiber aspect ratios. A finite element analysis was conducted using ANSYS to model the beams. The FE models were validated by comparing their load-deflection behavior and failure patterns to the experimental test results. The research found that adding steel fibers increased the beams' compressive strength, tensile strength, flexural strength, and ductility. The validated FE models can help predict the performance benefits of using SFRC in construction.
FE Analysis of Hollow Propeller Shaft using Steel and Composite Material then...ijsrd.com
Conventional Drive shaft have less specific modulus and strength, increased weight. But the drive shaft made of composite material have advantages like they have high specific modulus and strength, reduced weight, lower fuel consumption. Different available composite material are like Boron epoxy, E-glass, Kevlar epoxy, etc. They have lighter in weight, longer life with higher critical speed and may be optimized the design. The drive shaft of TATA-407 was chosen, the modelling of the drive shaft assembly was done using Solid works and ANSYS used for predicting analysis results. To estimate stresses under subjected loads using FEA Further comparisons carried out for both steel and composite material.
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
Stress Distribution Analysis of Rear Axle Housing by using Finite Elements A...theijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
Experimental and Numerical Assessment of Crash Behavior of Welded Thin Wall R...IDES Editor
The crash behavior of Cold Rolled Mild Steel
(CRMS) closed form thin section produced by stitch welding
at periodic intervals of length was studied by conducting axial
compressive tests at loading velocities of 5 mm/min and 6000
mm/min. The deformation shape, peak forces and energy
absorption capacity of the sections estimated numerically
showed a good correlation with the experimental data.
This document analyzes the fatigue behavior of two high-strength steels, HR590 and HR590DP. Low-cycle fatigue testing was conducted to characterize the mechanical properties of each steel and quantify their strain-life relationships. The precipitation strengthened HR590 showed more resistance to plastic deformation than the dual phase HR590DP. Future work is recommended to further study dislocation behavior, establish high-cycle fatigue properties, and test notched specimens and full components under dynamic loading.
Flexural behaviour of reinforced cement concrete beam wrapped with gfrp sheeteSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Analysis of R.C Deep Beam by Finite Element MethodIJMER
ABSTRACT : The analytical study of reinforced concrete simply supported deep beams subjected to two point loads was
carried out using finite element method to study the behavior of deep beam by considering flexural stress, flexural strain,
and shear stress variations at different sections for various effective lengths to depth ratio and compared with EulerBernoulli Theory. The effective span to depth ratios of the beams considered were 1.25, 1.375 and 1.5
Keywords: Finite Element Method (FEM), Reinforced Concrete (R.C) deep beam, Shear strength.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
Design of Engine Mount Bracket for a FSAE Car Using Finite Element AnalysisIJERA Editor
Engine mounts have an important function of containing firmly the power-train components of a vehicle. Correct geometry and positioning of the mount brackets on the chassis ensures a good ride quality and performance. As an FSAE car intends to be a high performance vehicle, the brackets on the frame that support the engine undergo high static and dynamic stresses as well as huge amount of vibrations. Hence, dissipating the vibrational energy and keeping the stresses under a pre-determined level of safety should be achieved by careful designing and analysis of the mount brackets. Keeping this in mind the current paper discusses the modeling, Finite Element Analysis, Modal analysis and mass optimization of engine mount brackets for a FSAE car. As the brackets tend to undergo continuous vibrations and varying stresses, the fatigue strength and durability calculations also have been done to ensure engine safety.
Material Optimization and Weight Reduction of Drive Shaft Using Composite Mat...IOSR Journals
The objective of the drive shaft is to connect with the transmission shaft with the help of universal joint whose axis intersects and the rotation of one shaft about its own axis results in rotation of other shaft about its axis. Shafts must be exceptionally tough and light to improve the overall performance of the vehicle. Automobile industries are exploring composite materials in order to obtain reduction of weight without significant decrease in vehicle quality and reliability. This is due to the fact that the reduction of weight of a vehicle directly impacts its fuel consumption. Particularly in city driving, the reduction of weight is almost directly proportional to fuel consumption of the vehicle. Also at the start of vehicle the most of the power get consumed in driving transmission system, if we able to reduce the weight of the propeller shaft that surplus available power can be used to propel the vehicle. Thus, in this paper, the aim is to replace a two-piece metallic drive shaft by a composite drive shaft. The following materials can be chosen Steel, Boron/Epoxy Composite, Kevlar/Epoxy Composite, Aluminum – Glass/Epoxy Hybrid, Carbon – Glass/Epoxy Hybrid. The analysis was carried out for three different ply orientations of the composites in order to suggest the most suitable ply orientation of the material that would give the maximum weight reduction while conforming to the stringent design parameters of passenger cars and light commercial vehicle.
Stress Analysis of Automotive Chassis with Various ThicknessesIOSR Journals
Abstract : This paper presents, stress analysis of a ladder type low loader truck chassis structure consisting of
C-beams design for application of 7.5 tonne was performed by using FEM. The commercial finite element
package CATIA version 5 was used for the solution of the problem. To reduce the expenses of the chassis of the
trucks, the chassis structure design should be changed or the thickness should be decreased. Also determination
of the stresses of a truck chassis before manufacturing is important due to the design improvement. In order to
achieve a reduction in the magnitude of stress at critical point of the chassis frame, side member thickness,
cross member thickness and position of cross member from rear end were varied. Numerical results showed that
if the thickness change is not possible, changing the position of cross member may be a good alternative.
Computed results are then compared to analytical calculation, where it is found that the maximum deflection
agrees well with theoretical approximation but varies on the magnitude aspect.
Keywords - Stress analysis, fatigue life prediction and finite element method etc.
This document provides an overview of spur gear design, including surface durability concepts, common failure modes, and equations for calculating contact stress. It discusses Buckingham's contact stress equation and modifications made by AGMA to account for factors like velocity, overload, and load distribution. Methods for determining the surface fatigue strength of gear materials are presented. Finally, common materials used for gears like cast iron, steel, and bronze are described.
SLIDING WEAR OF AA6061/CARBON BLACK METAL MATRIX COMPOSITESIAEME Publication
In this study, the effects of carbon black amount on fracture and wear behaviors of AA6061-carbon black metal matrix composites produced by stir casting route were investigated. Wear tests were performed in a pin on type wear apparatus under different loads of 10, 20, 30 N with different sliding speeds of 2, 3 and 4 m/s, at three different sliding distances of 500, 750 and 1000 m. The design of experiments was carried out as per Taguchi technique. Wear rate function was determined in terms of volume fraction, normal load, sliding speed and sliding distance. It was found that there was a good agreement between the theoretical and the experimental value of wear rate. Maximum sliding wear of 68.72% was attributed sliding distance. Sliding wear resistance increases by 42.56% for AA6061/30%CB metal matrix composites as compared to the matrix alloy AA6061
INVESTIGATION OF COMPOSITE TORSION SHAFT USING MATERIAL MATRIX IN FEAIjripublishers Ijri
have found application in many areas of daily life for quite some time. Often it is not realized that the application makes
use of composite materials.
This research attempt is made to evaluate the sustainability of composite material such as FRP (fiber rein forced polymer)
and CRFP (carbon reinforced fiber polymer) epoxy/glass for the purpose of automotive transmission application
using finite element method in Ansys.
Initially literature review will be done to understand the approach.
3D model will be prepared to carryout analysis on model.
Structural and vibrational analysis will be done by implementing different layer orientations on FRP & CRFP’S.
1. The document analyzes damage tolerance of a fuselage stiffened panel using finite element analysis. It calculates stress intensity factors for longitudinal cracks initiated at rivet holes under internal pressurization loads.
2. The stress intensity factor is calculated using the modified virtual crack closure integral method for crack lengths from 50mm to 1000mm. The stress intensity factor increases with crack length but decreases when the crack reaches frames.
3. For a crack length of 900mm, the calculated stress intensity factor is below the material's fracture toughness, indicating the design is safe for the analyzed internal pressurization loads.
Performance Optimization of Tie rod using FEAIJERD Editor
Structural performance of any mechanical component is measured basically in terms of its natural frequency, deformation, stiffness, maximum stress level, fatigue life etc. In case of vehicle suspension system; however tie rod is mainly under compressive and fluctuating forces encounter from steering and bumping of vehicle. When steering acts to turn the vehicle, tie rod comes under compressive load. And when vehicle running on rough road condition, fluctuating forces.
IRJET- Experimental Study on Behaviour of Strengthened R.C.C Column using Ext...IRJET Journal
The document presents an experimental study that investigated the behavior and load carrying capacity of reinforced concrete columns strengthened with external steel confinement. Four column specimens were tested: one unconfined conventional column, two confined with steel battens, and one with additional steel rods. The confined columns exhibited higher load capacities, energy absorption, and ductility than the conventional column. The top, middle, and bottom batten confinement provided the highest resistance to loading and failure initiated by buckling of the steel angles after yielding. The study demonstrated that external steel confinement can effectively strengthen reinforced concrete columns.
This document describes the design and analysis of a high speed milling spindle to minimize deflection. Various spindle diameters and bearing configurations were considered, including duplex and triplet bearing arrangements. Static analysis was performed to calculate spindle nose deflection from bending and bearing elasticity. The optimum bearing span length that minimizes deflection was determined analytically and verified using ANSYS software. Results showed that bearing stiffness and span length significantly impact spindle deflection, with shorter spans and higher stiffness bearings reducing deflection.
IRJET- Optimal Design and Analysis of a Stringer-Stiffened Composite Payload ...IRJET Journal
This document describes the optimal design and analysis of a composite payload adapter with two different configurations: a monocoque structure and a stringer-stiffened structure. Finite element modeling and analysis was performed to minimize the mass of each structure while meeting strength, stiffness, and buckling requirements. The results showed that using composite laminates instead of aluminum reduced the mass by over 50% for both configurations. Specifically, the optimized monocoque structure mass was reduced from 62.35kg (aluminum) to 30.31kg (composite) and the stringer-stiffened structure mass was reduced from 55.1kg to 21.79kg by using composites. The stringer-stiffened configuration was found to be lighter
Research Inventy : International Journal of Engineering and Science is published by the group of young academic and industrial researchers with 12 Issues per year. It is an online as well as print version open access journal that provides rapid publication (monthly) of articles in all areas of the subject such as: civil, mechanical, chemical, electronic and computer engineering as well as production and information technology. The Journal welcomes the submission of manuscripts that meet the general criteria of significance and scientific excellence. Papers will be published by rapid process within 20 days after acceptance and peer review process takes only 7 days. All articles published in Research Inventy will be peer-reviewed.
FINITE ELEMENT MODELING, ANALYSIS AND VALIDATION OF THE FLEXURAL CAPACITY OF ...Sadia Mitu
This document presents research on modeling the flexural capacity of steel fiber reinforced concrete (SFRC) beams. It describes an experimental program that tested RC beams with different steel fiber aspect ratios. A finite element analysis was conducted using ANSYS to model the beams. The FE models were validated by comparing their load-deflection behavior and failure patterns to the experimental test results. The research found that adding steel fibers increased the beams' compressive strength, tensile strength, flexural strength, and ductility. The validated FE models can help predict the performance benefits of using SFRC in construction.
FE Analysis of Hollow Propeller Shaft using Steel and Composite Material then...ijsrd.com
Conventional Drive shaft have less specific modulus and strength, increased weight. But the drive shaft made of composite material have advantages like they have high specific modulus and strength, reduced weight, lower fuel consumption. Different available composite material are like Boron epoxy, E-glass, Kevlar epoxy, etc. They have lighter in weight, longer life with higher critical speed and may be optimized the design. The drive shaft of TATA-407 was chosen, the modelling of the drive shaft assembly was done using Solid works and ANSYS used for predicting analysis results. To estimate stresses under subjected loads using FEA Further comparisons carried out for both steel and composite material.
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
This document presents a study on the design and economic feasibility analysis of a standalone photovoltaic (PV) system to provide electricity for a single household in rural India. The key points are:
1) A PV system was designed to meet the daily electricity demand of 7480 Wh for a household in Pune, India. This included sizing the PV array at 11.3 m2 and 1356 WP, and batteries at 1500 Ah.
2) A life cycle cost analysis of the 20-year system found the present worth costs to be $6960 for the PV array, $2557.50 for initial batteries, and additional battery costs of $1840.93, $1325.
This document presents research on sensorless speed control of an induction motor using predictive current and torque controllers. It begins with an abstract summarizing the research, which involves using a closed-loop observer system and predictive controllers to control an induction motor drive without requiring direct measurement of motor speed or flux. The document then provides background information on sensorless induction motor control and challenges associated with it. It describes the proposed control system, which uses a closed-loop observer to estimate motor flux and speed, along with a predictive current controller and predictive torque controller. Simulation results are presented confirming the effectiveness of the proposed sensorless control approach.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
This document presents an experimental study that uses Gray Relational Analysis to optimize process parameters for friction stir welding of AA 6061 aluminum alloy. Friction stir welding trials were conducted using four controllable factors (rotational speed, welding speed, tool pin length, offset distance) at four levels each. Tensile strength, elongation, and hardness values were measured and converted to signal-to-noise ratios. Gray Relational Analysis was used to determine the optimal parameter settings that provide the best multiple performance characteristics. The resulting optimum parameters were found to be rotational speed of 800 rpm, welding speed of 10 mm/min, pin tool length of 5.7mm, and offset distance of 0.4mm.
Design and Validation of a Light Vehicle Tubular Space Frame ChassisIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research paper that designed and validated a light vehicle tubular space frame chassis using finite element analysis. Key points:
1. A SAE BAJA space frame was designed according to competition rules and material availability constraints. Analytical and numerical models were compared to validate design.
2. Beam elements were found to be most efficient for modeling frame members, while plate elements were used for an engine fixation plate.
3. A 3D model was created in SolidWorks and simulated under inertial, impact, and torsion loading scenarios to validate the frame's performance.
4. Results indicated the proposed frame can safely operate under expected road conditions, allowing the manufacturing process to proceed
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Finite Element Analysis of Fire Truck Chassis for Steel and Carbon Fiber Mate...IJERA Editor
The document presents a finite element analysis of the chassis frame of a Tata 407 fire truck using steel and carbon fiber materials. The chassis frame was modeled in PRO-E and analyzed in ANSYS Workbench. Modal analysis was conducted to determine the natural frequencies and mode shapes of the frame made of steel and carbon fiber. Static structural analysis was also performed to identify the maximum stress, strain, and deformation. The results showed that when made of carbon fiber, the chassis frame had higher natural frequencies in modal analysis and lower equivalent stress, strain, and deformation in static analysis compared to when made of steel. Therefore, carbon fiber is concluded to be a better material for fire truck chassis frames due to its higher strength and stiffness despite being
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Finite Element Analysis and Topography Optimization of Lower Arm of Double Wi...IJERA Editor
The suspension system is one of the most important components of vehicle, which directly affects the safety, performance, noise level and style of it. The vehicle suspension system is responsible for driving comfort and safety as the suspension carries the vehicle-body and transmits all forces between body and road. Structure optimization techniques under static load conditions have been widely used in automotive industry for lightweight and performance improvement of modern cars. However, these static load conditions could not represent all the severe situations of automobile parts which subjected to complex loads varying with time, especially for lower control arm of front suspension. This paper deals with Finite Element Analysis of the Lower arm suspension of double wishbone suspension which consist the stress optimization under static loadings. Lower arm suspension has been modeled using Unigraphics .In first stage of analysis area of maximum stress was identified. These analysis were carried using Altair Hyperworks and solver used is Abacus. In order to reduce stresses and to improve structural strength Topography optimization approach is carried out in Hyperworks in which a design region for a given part is defined and a pattern of shape variable-based reinforcements within that region is generated to increase Stiffness.
Structural Analysis of Go-kart Chassis using different materials to find the ...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study that analyzed the structural performance of a go-kart chassis made from different materials under various impact conditions using finite element analysis. The chassis was designed in CAD software and then simulated in ANSYS for front, side, and rear impacts using four steel materials: AISI 1018, AISI 1026, AISI 4130, and AISI 1020. The simulations calculated stress levels and deformations. Results showed the factor of safety for each material and impact scenario, identifying designs that were safe or at risk of failure based on exceeding the material's yield strength. AISI 4130 generally had the highest factors of safety, suggesting it could best withstand the forces experienced during impacts
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IRJET- Design and Analysis of Alloy Wheel for Multi-Purpose VehicleIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on the design and analysis of an alloy wheel for a multi-purpose vehicle (MUV). Magnesium AZ80 material was selected for the alloy wheel due to its superior mechanical properties, durability, and light weight. A 18-inch alloy wheel design was analyzed using ABAQUS software for cornering, radial, and impact tests. The radial test analysis showed low stress and displacement within acceptable limits. However, the cornering test analysis found high stresses over twice the material's ultimate limit, indicating potential failure. The impact test analysis found maximum stresses within acceptable limits. The study concluded the design was suitable for radial and impact tests but required further investigation to avoid failure under cornering loads.
Design and Optimisation of Sae Mini Baja ChassisIJERA Editor
The objective is to design and develop the roll cage for All - Terrain Vehicle accordance with the rulebook of BAJA 2014 given by SAE. The frame of the SAE Baja vehicle needs to be lightweight and structurally sound to be competitive but still protect the driver. The vehicle needs to traverse all types of off-road conditions including large rocks, downed logs, mud holes, steep inclines, jumps and off camber turns. During the competition events there is significant risk of rollovers, falling from steep ledges, collisions with stationary objects, or impacts from other vehicles. Material for the roll cage is selected based on strength and availability. A software model is prepared in Pro-engineer. Later the design is tested against all modes of failure by conducting various simulations and stress analysis with the aid of ANSYS 13. Based on the result obtained from these tests the design is modified accordingly. A target of 2 is set for Yield Factor of Safety.
IRJET- Analysis and Performance of Ogrid Lateral Bracing SystemIRJET Journal
This document analyzes and compares the performance of a new type of lateral bracing system called OGrid bracing through finite element modeling and analysis. OGrid bracing consists of circular braces connected to a moment resisting frame with welded joints. Models of OGrid bracing with different cross-sectional geometries for the brace (I-section, C-section, rectangular section) were created in ANSYS and subjected to lateral loading. The results found that the OGrid bracing with an I-section brace had the best ductility and load carrying capacity compared to the other sections. Therefore, this type of OGrid bracing shows potential for use in seismic-resistant structures.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
The document discusses the impact of misalignments on root stresses of hypoid gear sets through finite element analysis. It begins with introductions to gears, hypoid gears, and finite element analysis. It then describes the modeling of a hypoid gear set with both perfect alignment and misalignment in ProEngineer. Structural analysis was performed in Solidworks to analyze stresses, displacement, and strain. Results showed stresses doubled with misalignment. Aluminum alloy materials had lower stresses than steel. Misalignments increase stresses and can lead to early fatigue failure. Perfectly aligned hypoid gears perform more efficiently with less mechanical losses and longer lifetimes.
Effect of lamination angle on maximum deflection of simply supported composit...RAVI KUMAR
In this project a composite laminated beam is studied with glass-epoxy and graphite-epoxy combination. The beam is composed of four layers of different combination of composite material (glass epoxy and graphite epoxy composite). The beam is simply supported at both the ends and is subjected to uniformly distributed load along the length. Transverse deflection is computed for different lamination angle (0^0-〖90〗^0) by using Euler- Bernoulli’s theory (or CLPT). Maximum transverse deflection analysis is carried out using derived analytical expressions. The research carried out in this project will enable to determine the beam strength due to bending loads. The importance of fibre reinforcement in the manufacturing of the beam is studied in terms of bending strength of the beam. MATLAB codes are generated to implement analytical expiations of the composite beam.
The main objective of the paper is to find out the lamination angle at which minimum deflection is obtained & to find out the effect of lamination angle on maximum transverse deflection of the beam.
Design and Analysis of Helical Spring in Two Wheeler Suspension System using ...IRJET Journal
This document analyzes the design and finite element analysis of helical springs used in the suspension systems of two-wheel vehicles. It discusses modeling a helical spring for a motorcycle in Creo Parametric and analyzing it in ANSYS for stress and deformation. Three spring profiles - circular, square, and square fillet - are analyzed statically and their stresses and displacements are compared. The results show that the square fillet profile experiences lower stresses and deformations compared to the other profiles, indicating it provides better performance for the suspension system. The study aims to optimize helical spring design through analyzing different profiles using finite element analysis.
Analysing and Comparing the Behaviours of Cylindrical Fatigue Specimens Made ...IRJET Journal
This document analyzes and compares the behaviors of cylindrical fatigue specimens made of nickel-titanium shape memory alloy and steel using finite element analysis in Abaqus. The modal frequencies and deformations were analyzed for the first 20 modes of each material. For both materials, higher order flexions occurred at higher frequencies. Tensile stress was highest in the gauge section and highest for steel due to its higher Young's modulus. The nickel-titanium alloy specimen had a lower maximum frequency, energy, and tensile stress compared to steel. Shape memory alloys are implemented in structures for vibration control and energy dissipation during earthquakes.
IRJET- Design and Structural Analysis of an Off Road VehicleIRJET Journal
This document describes the iterative design and structural analysis of an off-road vehicle frame. The frame was modeled in CATIA and analyzed in ANSYS to minimize stress concentrations through thickness and geometry modifications. Several impact tests were simulated, and the frame design was iteratively optimized to reduce stresses below safety thresholds. The final optimized frame design demonstrated reduced weight and stresses within allowable limits for all impact scenarios tested.
IRJET- Vibro Acoustic Analysis of Laminated Composite Plate Roof of Car BodyIRJET Journal
This document discusses a vibro-acoustic analysis of a laminated composite plate roof for a car body. A 3D model of a Maruti Swift car is created using CATIA. An acoustic modal analysis is performed to find the resonance frequencies, which are validated against theoretical calculations. Different materials are considered for the car roof to improve acoustic performance and reduce low frequency resonance amplitudes. The analysis is conducted in ANSYS to study how sound pressure levels inside the vehicle are affected by the roof material and shape. Results show the first resonance mode occurs at 79.864Hz in the X-direction, with maximum sound pressure at the rear of the car air cavity.
This document analyzes anti-vibration mounts (AVMs) used to isolate engine vibrations from the base frame in diesel generator sets. It summarizes analytical, computer-aided engineering (CAE), and experimental results comparing rubber and neoprene mounts. Analytical calculations show neoprene provides higher isolation (>95%) than rubber (>84%). CAE frequency response analysis also indicates neoprene better shifts peak vibrations away from operating speeds. Experimental testing of actual engine confirms analytical and CAE results, showing neoprene reduces vibrations by 93.4% versus 89.7% for rubber, well below standards. The study concludes neoprene material provides better vibration isolation for AVMs compared to rubber.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
1. Yogendra S. Rajput, Vikas Sharma, Shivam Sharma, Gaurav Saxena / International Journal of
Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) ISSN: 2248-9622 www.ijera.com
Vol. 3, Issue 2, March -April 2013, pp.348-350
A Vibration Analysis Of Vehicle Frame
Yogendra S. Rajput1; Vikas Sharma1; Shivam Sharma1; Gaurav Saxena2
M. Tech. Scholar, RJIT, Tekanpur1
Asst. Prof., Dep’t of Automobile Engineering, RJIT, Tekanpur2
Abstract
Importance in the development of off-
road racing vehicle for the SAEINDIA’s BAJA
competition has raised the value of dynamic
analysis under severe uneven loading. The
dynamic analysis is carried out by the finite
element method simulation thereby predicting
failure modes of the vehicle frame under
vibration analysis. This work investigates the
vibration characteristics of the frame including
the natural frequencies and mode shapes.
Keywords: Finite element method, dynamic
analysis, failure modes, mode shapes.
Introduction to SAE BAJA & Vehicle Frame Figure 1, Cross section of frame used
Baja is a collegiate competition sponsored Circular section is preferred comparatively for
by the Society of Automotive Engineers, India torsional rigidity for its higher polar moment of
(SAEINDIA). The object for the team of students to inertia compared than any other section as per the
develop a dynamically balanced vehicle to following formula
𝜋
withstand all kind of terrain during its mobility. The 𝑇= 𝜏𝑑3
SAE BAJA vehicle development manual restricts us 16
about the vehicle weight, shape and size, and where, T= twisting moment or torque applied;
dimensions. The objective of SAE BAJA τ = shear strength of the material;
competition is to simulate real world engineering d = diameter of the pipe section;
design projects and their related challenges. The
objective is to develop not only the best performing Material and Modelling of Vehicle Frame
vehicle but also the rugged and economical vehicle The weight of the material is also a limiting
frame that will comply all the SAE BAJA design parameter for the SAE BAJA vehicle, because if a
requirements [1]. During actual road performance, higher weight material is used, it could raise the
any vehicle is subjected to loads that cause stresses, overall weight of the vehicle frame. The
vibrations and noise in the different components of specifications of the material used for the vehicle
its structure. This requires appropriate strength, frame development are tabled below in table 1, at
stiffness and fatigue properties of the components to 25°C reference temperature
be able to stand these loads. On top of that, quality Properties Value
of a vehicle, as a system, which includes efficient Density(x1000 kg/m3) 7.7-8.3
energy consumption, safety, riding dampness and Poisson’s Ratio 0.27-0.30
provision of comfort to the driver is highly desired. Elastic Modulus (GPa) 190-210
Frame forms the structural base of a racing Tensile Strength (MPa) 394.7
off road vehicle. The frame here developed for the Yield Strength (MPa) 294.8
event is of O section type. The strength and rigidity Hardness (HB) 111
of the O section is higher than any other form like I, Impact Strength(J) (Izod) 123.4
T, C section. The theory of the bending and torsion Table 1, Mechanical Properties of AISI 1020
explains that circular section is always a perfect one Steel [2]
to resist the twisting and the rolling effects. Cross
section of the pipe element of the frame is shown in The dimension of the pipe frame is given in table 2.
the fig 1. Pipe diameter (mm) 25.4
Wall thickness (mm) 3.05
Table 2, Dimensions of pipe section
Vehicle Frame modelling for SAE BAJA is done in
ANSyS Mechanical, with structural discipline of
testing. The use of pipe-16 element which is a
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2. Yogendra S. Rajput, Vikas Sharma, Shivam Sharma, Gaurav Saxena / International Journal of
Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) ISSN: 2248-9622 www.ijera.com
Vol. 3, Issue 2, March -April 2013, pp.348-350
uniaxial element with tension-compression, torsion, This model is then solved for the modal analysis to
and bending capabilities and has six degrees of know the natural frequency of the model under its
freedom at two nodes: translations in the nodal x, y, self weight. In general the natural frequency can be
and z directions and rotations about the nodal x, y, calculated using the equation
and z axes [3] is used in the pre-processing steps of
the ANSyS. The other properties of the material and 𝑘 𝑔
𝑊𝑛 ==
the size of section frame are provided in the real 𝑚 𝛿
constant and material menu of pre-processing steps. where, k and m stand for stiffness and mass
Modelling is done via co-ordinates plotted, followed respectively.
by the lines joining the points to develop the
geometric model of frame [4] shown below in fig 2. Results
Diesel engine provided for the SAE Baja
vehicle, is known to have the operating speed
varying from 10 to 330 revolutions per second (rps)
[6] for the different interval, as at idling it rolls at
10-20 rps where as at full throttle it runs at 250-300
rps.
Figure 4, List of frequencies w.r.t. mode shapes
The first mode shape explains the deformation
Figure 2, Geometric Model of vehicle rollcage phenomenon on the upper part of the frame
acquiring the longitudinal vibrations of natural
Theory of boundary conditions applied to frequency 26.155Hz, which is the lowest natural
Vehicle Frame frequency where as the highest value is 55.264 Hz
The natural frequency of vibration of a under the effect of gravity and deformation under
machine or structure or frame, when coincides with the self weight.
the excitation frequency of the forced vibration,
there occurs a phenomenon known as resonance,
which leads to excessive deflections and failure. A
lot of failures brought about by resonance and
excessive vibration of components and systems [5].
The frame is fixed at the lower base of the vehicle
frame to know the different mode shapes of the
upper substructure. As the wheels and suspension is
mounted at the axles, so it will have no motion and
hence the DOF of the lower base is restricted to
zero.
Figure 5, First mode shape of vibration
Figure 3, Meshed model with boundary
conditions
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3. Yogendra S. Rajput, Vikas Sharma, Shivam Sharma, Gaurav Saxena / International Journal of
Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) ISSN: 2248-9622 www.ijera.com
Vol. 3, Issue 2, March -April 2013, pp.348-350
Figure 6, Second mode shape of vibration Figure 9, Fifth mode shape of vibration
Conclusion
The results developed states that the
frame’s dynamic behaviour caused by change in
usage with finite element method using ANSyS.
Frequency modes of the frame that determine its
dynamic behaviour are below100 Hz and vary from
26.156 to 56.254 Hz. For the first two modes, the
frame experienced longitudinal vibration on the roof
pillars. The vibrations of the vehicle frame include
longitudinal, transverse and torsion at different
nodal points. The local bending vibration occurs at
the top hat cross member where the engine is
mounted on it. Since the installation of other
Figure 7, Third mode shape of vibration components and accessories will be mounted, which
will increase the total mass, therefore the natural
frequencies will fall out of the natural range that can
be compensated with increasing the chassis stiffness
and will place the excited frequencies below natural
range. This concept value implies the safe value of
applied loads vibrations and deformations.
References:
[1] BAJA SAEINDIA rule book 2012.
[2] http://www.efunda.com/materials/alloys/ca
rbon_steels/show_carbon.cfm?id=aisi_102
0&prop=all&page_title=aisi%201020
[3] Ansys element reference library, Ansys12.1
[4] Vikas Sharma, Divyanshu Purohit,
Figure 8, Fourth mode shape of vibration “Simulation of an off-road vehicle roll cage
a static analysis”, International Journal of
Engineering Research and Applications
(IJERA) ISSN: 2248-9622, Vol. 2, Issue 4,
July-August 2012, pp.126-128
[5] Rao, S. S., Mechanical Vibration, 4 th
Edition, pearson education press, 2004
[6] Johansson, I., Edlund, S., Optimization of
Vehicle Dynamics in Cars by Use of Full
Vehicle FE- Models, Göteborg, Sweden,
Department of Vehicle Dynamics &
Chassis Technology, Volvo Car
Corporation, 1993.
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