The document discusses how HDFS architecture has evolved to meet new requirements for higher scalability, availability, and improved random read performance. It summarizes the key aspects of HDFS architecture in 2010, including limitations, and improvements made since then, such as read pipeline optimizations, federated namespaces, and high availability name nodes. It also outlines future directions for HDFS architecture.
Global Azure Virtual 2020 What's new on Azure IaaS for SQL VMsMarco Obinu
Come dimensionare una VM per SQL Server in Azure IaaS, alla luce delle ultime novità della piattaforma.Sessione erogata il 24 Aprile 2020, nell'ambito del Global Azure Virtual 2020.
Video sessione: https://youtu.be/7o80CJUtnh4
Demo: https://github.com/OmegaMadLab/SqlIaasVmPlayground
ARM Template ottimizzato per SQL Server: https://github.com/OmegaMadLab/OptimizedSqlVm-v2
Optimizing your Infrastrucure and Operating System for HadoopDataWorks Summit
Apache Hadoop is clearly one of the fastest growing big data platforms to store and analyze arbitrarily structured data in search of business insights. However, applicable commodity infrastructures have advanced greatly in the last number of years and there is not a lot of accurate, current information to assist the community in optimally designing and configuring
Hadoop platforms (Infrastructure and O/S). In this talk we`ll present guidance on Linux and Infrastructure deployment, configuration and optimization from both Red Hat and HP (derived from actual performance data) for clusters optimized for single workloads or balanced clusters that host multiple concurrent workloads.
Global Azure Virtual 2020 What's new on Azure IaaS for SQL VMsMarco Obinu
Come dimensionare una VM per SQL Server in Azure IaaS, alla luce delle ultime novità della piattaforma.Sessione erogata il 24 Aprile 2020, nell'ambito del Global Azure Virtual 2020.
Video sessione: https://youtu.be/7o80CJUtnh4
Demo: https://github.com/OmegaMadLab/SqlIaasVmPlayground
ARM Template ottimizzato per SQL Server: https://github.com/OmegaMadLab/OptimizedSqlVm-v2
Optimizing your Infrastrucure and Operating System for HadoopDataWorks Summit
Apache Hadoop is clearly one of the fastest growing big data platforms to store and analyze arbitrarily structured data in search of business insights. However, applicable commodity infrastructures have advanced greatly in the last number of years and there is not a lot of accurate, current information to assist the community in optimally designing and configuring
Hadoop platforms (Infrastructure and O/S). In this talk we`ll present guidance on Linux and Infrastructure deployment, configuration and optimization from both Red Hat and HP (derived from actual performance data) for clusters optimized for single workloads or balanced clusters that host multiple concurrent workloads.
Storage Systems for big data - HDFS, HBase, and intro to KV Store - RedisSameer Tiwari
There is a plethora of storage solutions for big data, each having its own pros and cons. The objective of this talk is to delve deeper into specific classes of storage types like Distributed File Systems, in-memory Key Value Stores, Big Table Stores and provide insights on how to choose the right storage solution for a specific class of problems. For instance, running large analytic workloads, iterative machine learning algorithms, and real time analytics.
The talk will cover HDFS, HBase and brief introduction to Redis
Interactive Hadoop via Flash and MemoryChris Nauroth
Enterprises are using Hadoop for interactive real-time data processing via projects such as the Stinger Initiative. We describe two new HDFS features – Centralized Cache Management and Heterogeneous Storage – that allow applications to effectively use low latency storage media such as Solid State Disks and RAM. In the first part of this talk, we discuss Centralized Cache Management to coordinate caching important datasets and place tasks for memory locality. HDFS deployments today rely on the OS buffer cache to keep data in RAM for faster access. However, the user has no direct control over what data is held in RAM or how long it?s going to stay there. Centralized Cache Management allows users to specify which data to lock into RAM. Next, we describe Heterogeneous Storage support for applications to choose storage media based on their performance and durability requirements. Perhaps the most interesting of the newer storage media are Solid State Drives which provide improved random IO performance over spinning disks. We also discuss memory as a storage tier which can be useful for temporary files and intermediate data for latency sensitive real-time applications. In the last part of the talk we describe how administrators can use quota mechanism extensions to manage fair distribution of scarce storage resources across users and applications.
Hadoop World 2011: HDFS Federation - Suresh Srinivas, HortonworksCloudera, Inc.
Scalability of the NameNode has been a key issue for HDFS clusters. Because the entire file system metadata is stored in memory on a single NameNode, and all metadata operations are processed on this single system, the NameNode both limits the growth in size of the cluster and makes the NameService a bottleneck for the MapReduce framework as demand increases. This presentation will describe the features and implementation of HDFS Federation scheduled for release with Hadoop-0.23.
At Salesforce, we have deployed many thousands of HBase/HDFS servers, and learned a lot about tuning during this process. This talk will walk you through the many relevant HBase, HDFS, Apache ZooKeeper, Java/GC, and Operating System configuration options and provides guidelines about which options to use in what situation, and how they relate to each other.
This talk delves into the many ways that a user has to use HBase in a project. Lars will look at many practical examples based on real applications in production, for example, on Facebook and eBay and the right approach for those wanting to find their own implementation. He will also discuss advanced concepts, such as counters, coprocessors and schema design.
Apache HBase, Accelerated: In-Memory Flush and Compaction HBaseCon
Eshcar Hillel and Anastasia Braginsky (Yahoo!)
Real-time HBase application performance depends critically on the amount of I/O in the datapath. Here we’ll describe an optimization of HBase for high-churn applications that frequently insert/update/delete the same keys, such as for high-speed queuing and e-commerce.
Introduction to hadoop high availability Omid Vahdaty
Understand how to create a highly available Hadoop cluster.
Active/passive. with manual failover. links to help you get started, knowing to focus on. common mistakes etc.
Speaker: Vladimir Rodionov (bigbase.org)
This talks introduces a totally new implementation of a multilayer caching in HBase called BigBase. BigBase has a big advantage over HBase 0.94/0.96 because of an ability to utilize all available server RAM in the most efficient way, and because of a novel implementation of a L3 level cache on fast SSDs. The talk will show that different type of caches in BigBase work best for different type of workloads, and that a combination of these caches (L1/L2/L3) increases the overall performance of HBase by a very wide margin.
MyRocks is an open source LSM based MySQL database, created by Facebook. This slides introduce MyRocks overview and how we deployed at Facebook, as of 2017.
Apache HBase is the Hadoop opensource, distributed, versioned storage manager well suited for random, realtime read/write access. This talk will give an overview on how HBase achieve random I/O, focusing on the storage layer internals. Starting from how the client interact with Region Servers and Master to go into WAL, MemStore, Compactions and on-disk format details. Looking at how the storage is used by features like snapshots, and how it can be improved to gain flexibility, performance and space efficiency.
Adobe has packaged HBase in Docker containers and uses Marathon and Mesos to schedule them—allowing us to decouple the RegionServer from the host, express resource requirements declaratively, and open the door for unassisted real-time deployments, elastic (up and down) real-time scalability, and more. In this talk, you'll hear what we've learned and explain why this approach could fundamentally change HBase operations.
Storage Systems for big data - HDFS, HBase, and intro to KV Store - RedisSameer Tiwari
There is a plethora of storage solutions for big data, each having its own pros and cons. The objective of this talk is to delve deeper into specific classes of storage types like Distributed File Systems, in-memory Key Value Stores, Big Table Stores and provide insights on how to choose the right storage solution for a specific class of problems. For instance, running large analytic workloads, iterative machine learning algorithms, and real time analytics.
The talk will cover HDFS, HBase and brief introduction to Redis
Interactive Hadoop via Flash and MemoryChris Nauroth
Enterprises are using Hadoop for interactive real-time data processing via projects such as the Stinger Initiative. We describe two new HDFS features – Centralized Cache Management and Heterogeneous Storage – that allow applications to effectively use low latency storage media such as Solid State Disks and RAM. In the first part of this talk, we discuss Centralized Cache Management to coordinate caching important datasets and place tasks for memory locality. HDFS deployments today rely on the OS buffer cache to keep data in RAM for faster access. However, the user has no direct control over what data is held in RAM or how long it?s going to stay there. Centralized Cache Management allows users to specify which data to lock into RAM. Next, we describe Heterogeneous Storage support for applications to choose storage media based on their performance and durability requirements. Perhaps the most interesting of the newer storage media are Solid State Drives which provide improved random IO performance over spinning disks. We also discuss memory as a storage tier which can be useful for temporary files and intermediate data for latency sensitive real-time applications. In the last part of the talk we describe how administrators can use quota mechanism extensions to manage fair distribution of scarce storage resources across users and applications.
Hadoop World 2011: HDFS Federation - Suresh Srinivas, HortonworksCloudera, Inc.
Scalability of the NameNode has been a key issue for HDFS clusters. Because the entire file system metadata is stored in memory on a single NameNode, and all metadata operations are processed on this single system, the NameNode both limits the growth in size of the cluster and makes the NameService a bottleneck for the MapReduce framework as demand increases. This presentation will describe the features and implementation of HDFS Federation scheduled for release with Hadoop-0.23.
At Salesforce, we have deployed many thousands of HBase/HDFS servers, and learned a lot about tuning during this process. This talk will walk you through the many relevant HBase, HDFS, Apache ZooKeeper, Java/GC, and Operating System configuration options and provides guidelines about which options to use in what situation, and how they relate to each other.
This talk delves into the many ways that a user has to use HBase in a project. Lars will look at many practical examples based on real applications in production, for example, on Facebook and eBay and the right approach for those wanting to find their own implementation. He will also discuss advanced concepts, such as counters, coprocessors and schema design.
Apache HBase, Accelerated: In-Memory Flush and Compaction HBaseCon
Eshcar Hillel and Anastasia Braginsky (Yahoo!)
Real-time HBase application performance depends critically on the amount of I/O in the datapath. Here we’ll describe an optimization of HBase for high-churn applications that frequently insert/update/delete the same keys, such as for high-speed queuing and e-commerce.
Introduction to hadoop high availability Omid Vahdaty
Understand how to create a highly available Hadoop cluster.
Active/passive. with manual failover. links to help you get started, knowing to focus on. common mistakes etc.
Speaker: Vladimir Rodionov (bigbase.org)
This talks introduces a totally new implementation of a multilayer caching in HBase called BigBase. BigBase has a big advantage over HBase 0.94/0.96 because of an ability to utilize all available server RAM in the most efficient way, and because of a novel implementation of a L3 level cache on fast SSDs. The talk will show that different type of caches in BigBase work best for different type of workloads, and that a combination of these caches (L1/L2/L3) increases the overall performance of HBase by a very wide margin.
MyRocks is an open source LSM based MySQL database, created by Facebook. This slides introduce MyRocks overview and how we deployed at Facebook, as of 2017.
Apache HBase is the Hadoop opensource, distributed, versioned storage manager well suited for random, realtime read/write access. This talk will give an overview on how HBase achieve random I/O, focusing on the storage layer internals. Starting from how the client interact with Region Servers and Master to go into WAL, MemStore, Compactions and on-disk format details. Looking at how the storage is used by features like snapshots, and how it can be improved to gain flexibility, performance and space efficiency.
Adobe has packaged HBase in Docker containers and uses Marathon and Mesos to schedule them—allowing us to decouple the RegionServer from the host, express resource requirements declaratively, and open the door for unassisted real-time deployments, elastic (up and down) real-time scalability, and more. In this talk, you'll hear what we've learned and explain why this approach could fundamentally change HBase operations.
Deview 2013 :: Backend PaaS, CloudFoundry 뽀개기Nanha Park
# Part 1
개발자의 주위환경에 대해 살펴보고 Cloud Foundry overview, Cloud Foundry 를 구성하는 components 마지막으로 Deploy 환경에 대해 알아보겠습니다.
# Part 2
설치부터 코드까지, 데모찍은 동영상은 추후 제공예정
부족한 부분은 nanhap@gmail.com 으로 문의메일 주시면 성심성의껏 답변 드리겠습니다. 감사합니다.
KGC 2014 가볍고 유연하게 데이터 분석하기 : 쿠키런 사례 중심 , 데브시스터즈Minwoo Kim
1년 7개월 장수 모바일 게임 쿠키런. 많은 유저, 하루에도 쏟아지는 많은 로그. Time To Market 단축이 핵심 역량 중 하나가 되는 모바일 게임 시장. 자주 빠르게 변경되는 스팩, 로그도 마찬가지로 자주 빠르게 변경되는 스키마. 이런 현실속에서 게임 개발과 운영, 데이터 분석까지 병행 하기 위해서 가볍고 유연한 아키텍처로 적당히 빠르게 데이터 분석을 하는 쿠키런 서버팀 사례를 소개합니다.
딥러닝과 강화 학습으로 나보다 잘하는 쿠키런 AI 구현하기 DEVIEW 2016Taehoon Kim
발표 영상 : https://goo.gl/jrKrvf
데모 영상 : https://youtu.be/exXD6wJLJ6s
Deep Q-Network, Double Q-learning, Dueling Network 등의 기술을 소개하며, hyperparameter, debugging, ensemble 등의 엔지니어링으로 성능을 끌어 올린 과정을 공유합니다.
Introduction to HBase. HBase is a NoSQL databases which experienced a tremendous increase in popularity during the last years. Large companies like Facebook, LinkedIn, Foursquare are using HBase. In this presentation we will address questions like: what is HBase?, and compared to relational databases?, what is the architecture?, how does HBase work?, what about the schema design?, what about the IT ressources?. Questions that should help you consider whether this solution might be suitable in your case.
Hadoop World 2011: Hadoop and Performance - Todd Lipcon & Yanpei Chen, ClouderaCloudera, Inc.
Performance is a thing that you can never have too much of. But performance is a nebulous concept in Hadoop. Unlike databases, there is no equivalent in Hadoop to TPC, and different use cases experience performance differently. This talk will discuss advances on how Hadoop performance is measured and will also talk about recent and future advances in performance in different areas of the Hadoop stack.
Updated version of my talk about Hadoop 3.0 with the newest community updates.
Talk given at the codecentric Meetup Berlin on 31.08.2017 and on Data2Day Meetup on 28.09.2017 in Heidelberg.
These slides cover the very basics of Hadoop architecture, in particular HDFS. This was my presentation in the first Delhi Hadoop User Group (DHUG) meetup held at Gurgaon on 10th September 2011. Loved the positive feedback. I'll also upload a more elaborate version covering Hadoop mapreduce architecture as well soon. Most of the stuff covered in these slides can be found in Tom White's book as well (See the last slide)
WANdisco is a provider of non-stop software for global enterprises to meet the challenges of Big Data and distributed software development.
KEY HIGHLIGHTS, Session 1: Tuesday, Feb. 26, 5:15 p.m.-6 p.m.
Hadoop and HBase on the Cloud: A Case Study on Performance and Isolation
Cloud infrastructure is a flexible tool to orchestrate multiple Hadoop and HBase clusters, which provides strict isolation of data and compute resources for multiple customers. Most importantly, our benchmarks show that virtualized environment allows for higher average utilization of per-node resources. For more session information, visit http://na.apachecon.com/schedule/presentation/131/.
CO-PRESENTERS, Dr. Konstantin V. Shvachko, Chief Architect, Big Data, WANdisco and Jagane Sundar, CTO/VP Engineering, Big Data, WANdisco
A veteran Hadoop developer and respected author, Konstantin Shvachko is a technical expert specializing in efficient data structures and algorithms for large-scale distributed storage systems. Konstantin joined WANdisco through the AltoStor acquisition and before that he was founder and Chief Scientist at AltoScale, a Hadoop and HBase-as-a-Platform company acquired by VertiCloud. Konstantin played a lead architectural role at eBay, building two generations of the organization's Hadoop platform. At Yahoo!, he worked on the Hadoop Distributed File System (HDFS). Konstantin has dozens of publications and presentations to his credit and is currently a member of the Apache Hadoop PMC. Konstantin has a Ph.D. in Computer Science and M.S. in Mathematics from Moscow State University, Russia.
Jagane Sundar has extensive big data, cloud, virtualization, and networking experience and joined WANdisco through its AltoStor acquisition. Before AltoStor, Jagane was founder and CEO of AltoScale, a Hadoop and HBase-as-a-Platform company acquired by VertiCloud. His experience with Hadoop began as Director of Hadoop Performance and Operability at Yahoo! Jagane has such accomplishments to his credit as the creation of Livebackup, development of a user mode TCP Stack for Precision I/O, development of the NFS and PPP clients and parts of the TCP stack for JavaOS for Sun MicroSystems, and more. Jagane received his B.E. in Electronics and Communications Engineering from Anna University.
About WANdisco
WANdisco ( LSE : WAND ) is a provider of enterprise-ready, non-stop software solutions that enable globally distributed organizations to meet today's data challenges of secure storage, scalability and availability. WANdisco's products are differentiated by the company's patented, active-active data replication technology, serving crucial high availability (HA) requirements, including Hadoop Big Data and Application Lifecycle Management (ALM). Fortune Global 1000 companies including AT&T, Motorola, Intel and Halliburton rely on WANdisco for performance, reliability, security and availability. For additional information, please visit www.wandisco.com.
Red Hat Storage Server Administration Deep DiveRed_Hat_Storage
"In this session for administrators of all skill levels, you’ll get a deep technical dive into Red Hat Storage Server and GlusterFS administration.
We’ll start with the basics of what scale-out storage is, and learn about the unique implementation of Red Hat Storage Server and its advantages over legacy and competing technologies. From the basic knowledge and design principles, we’ll move to a live start-to-finish demonstration. Your experience will include:
Building a cluster.
Allocating resources.
Creating and modifying volumes of different types.
Accessing data via multiple client protocols.
A resiliency demonstration.
Expanding and contracting volumes.
Implementing directory quotas.
Recovering from and preventing split-brain.
Asynchronous parallel geo-replication.
Behind-the-curtain views of configuration files and logs.
Extended attributes used by GlusterFS.
Performance tuning basics.
New and upcoming feature demonstrations.
Those new to the scale-out product will leave this session with the knowledge and confidence to set up their first Red Hat Storage Server environment. Experienced administrators will sharpen their skills and gain insights into the newest features. IT executives and managers will gain a valuable overview to help fuel the drive for next-generation infrastructures."
"An Elephan can't jump. But can carry heavy load".
Besides Facebook and Yahoo!, many other organizations are using Hadoop to run large distributed computations: Amazon.com, Apple, eBay, IBM, ImageShack, LinkedIn, Microsoft, Twitter, The New York Times...
Apache Hadoop 3 is coming! As the next major milestone for hadoop and big data, it attracts everyone's attention as showcase several bleeding-edge technologies and significant features across all components of Apache Hadoop: Erasure Coding in HDFS, Docker container support, Apache Slider integration and Native service support, Application Timeline Service version 2, Hadoop library updates and client-side class path isolation, etc. In this talk, first we will update the status of Hadoop 3.0 releasing work in apache community and the feasible path through alpha, beta towards GA. Then we will go deep diving on each new feature, include: development progress and maturity status in Hadoop 3. Last but not the least, as a new major release, Hadoop 3.0 will contain some incompatible API or CLI changes which could be challengeable for downstream projects and existing Hadoop users for upgrade - we will go through these major changes and explore its impact to other projects and users.
Speaker: Sanjay Radia, Founder and Chief Architect, Hortonworks
The current major release, Hadoop 2.0 offers several significant HDFS improvements including new append-pipeline, federation, wire compatibility, NameNode HA, Snapshots, and performance improvements. We describe how to take advantages of these new features and their benefits. We cover some architectural improvements in detail such as HA, Federation and Snapshots. The second half of the talk describes the current features that are under development for the next HDFS release. This includes much needed data management features such as backup and Disaster Recovery. We add support for different classes of storage devices such as SSDs and open interfaces such as NFS; together these extend HDFS as a more general storage system. Hadoop has recently been extended to run first-class on Windows which expands its enterprise reach and allows integration with the rich tool-set available on Windows. As with every release we will continue improvements to performance, diagnosability and manageability of HDFS. To conclude, we discuss the reliability, the state of HDFS adoption, and some of the misconceptions and myths about HDFS.
The Hadoop Distributed File System is the foundational storage layer in typical Hadoop deployments. Performance and stability of HDFS are crucial to the correct functioning of applications at higher layers in the Hadoop stack. This session is a technical deep dive into recent enhancements committed to HDFS by the entire Apache contributor community. We describe real-world incidents that motivated these changes and how the enhancements prevent those problems from reoccurring. Attendees will leave this session with a deeper understanding of the implementation challenges in a distributed file system and identify helpful new metrics to monitor in their own clusters.
PHP Frameworks: I want to break free (IPC Berlin 2024)Ralf Eggert
In this presentation, we examine the challenges and limitations of relying too heavily on PHP frameworks in web development. We discuss the history of PHP and its frameworks to understand how this dependence has evolved. The focus will be on providing concrete tips and strategies to reduce reliance on these frameworks, based on real-world examples and practical considerations. The goal is to equip developers with the skills and knowledge to create more flexible and future-proof web applications. We'll explore the importance of maintaining autonomy in a rapidly changing tech landscape and how to make informed decisions in PHP development.
This talk is aimed at encouraging a more independent approach to using PHP frameworks, moving towards a more flexible and future-proof approach to PHP development.
Connector Corner: Automate dynamic content and events by pushing a buttonDianaGray10
Here is something new! In our next Connector Corner webinar, we will demonstrate how you can use a single workflow to:
Create a campaign using Mailchimp with merge tags/fields
Send an interactive Slack channel message (using buttons)
Have the message received by managers and peers along with a test email for review
But there’s more:
In a second workflow supporting the same use case, you’ll see:
Your campaign sent to target colleagues for approval
If the “Approve” button is clicked, a Jira/Zendesk ticket is created for the marketing design team
But—if the “Reject” button is pushed, colleagues will be alerted via Slack message
Join us to learn more about this new, human-in-the-loop capability, brought to you by Integration Service connectors.
And...
Speakers:
Akshay Agnihotri, Product Manager
Charlie Greenberg, Host
Software Delivery At the Speed of AI: Inflectra Invests In AI-Powered QualityInflectra
In this insightful webinar, Inflectra explores how artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming software development and testing. Discover how AI-powered tools are revolutionizing every stage of the software development lifecycle (SDLC), from design and prototyping to testing, deployment, and monitoring.
Learn about:
• The Future of Testing: How AI is shifting testing towards verification, analysis, and higher-level skills, while reducing repetitive tasks.
• Test Automation: How AI-powered test case generation, optimization, and self-healing tests are making testing more efficient and effective.
• Visual Testing: Explore the emerging capabilities of AI in visual testing and how it's set to revolutionize UI verification.
• Inflectra's AI Solutions: See demonstrations of Inflectra's cutting-edge AI tools like the ChatGPT plugin and Azure Open AI platform, designed to streamline your testing process.
Whether you're a developer, tester, or QA professional, this webinar will give you valuable insights into how AI is shaping the future of software delivery.
Builder.ai Founder Sachin Dev Duggal's Strategic Approach to Create an Innova...Ramesh Iyer
In today's fast-changing business world, Companies that adapt and embrace new ideas often need help to keep up with the competition. However, fostering a culture of innovation takes much work. It takes vision, leadership and willingness to take risks in the right proportion. Sachin Dev Duggal, co-founder of Builder.ai, has perfected the art of this balance, creating a company culture where creativity and growth are nurtured at each stage.
"Impact of front-end architecture on development cost", Viktor TurskyiFwdays
I have heard many times that architecture is not important for the front-end. Also, many times I have seen how developers implement features on the front-end just following the standard rules for a framework and think that this is enough to successfully launch the project, and then the project fails. How to prevent this and what approach to choose? I have launched dozens of complex projects and during the talk we will analyze which approaches have worked for me and which have not.
Smart TV Buyer Insights Survey 2024 by 91mobiles.pdf91mobiles
91mobiles recently conducted a Smart TV Buyer Insights Survey in which we asked over 3,000 respondents about the TV they own, aspects they look at on a new TV, and their TV buying preferences.
Dev Dives: Train smarter, not harder – active learning and UiPath LLMs for do...UiPathCommunity
💥 Speed, accuracy, and scaling – discover the superpowers of GenAI in action with UiPath Document Understanding and Communications Mining™:
See how to accelerate model training and optimize model performance with active learning
Learn about the latest enhancements to out-of-the-box document processing – with little to no training required
Get an exclusive demo of the new family of UiPath LLMs – GenAI models specialized for processing different types of documents and messages
This is a hands-on session specifically designed for automation developers and AI enthusiasts seeking to enhance their knowledge in leveraging the latest intelligent document processing capabilities offered by UiPath.
Speakers:
👨🏫 Andras Palfi, Senior Product Manager, UiPath
👩🏫 Lenka Dulovicova, Product Program Manager, UiPath
GraphRAG is All You need? LLM & Knowledge GraphGuy Korland
Guy Korland, CEO and Co-founder of FalkorDB, will review two articles on the integration of language models with knowledge graphs.
1. Unifying Large Language Models and Knowledge Graphs: A Roadmap.
https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.08302
2. Microsoft Research's GraphRAG paper and a review paper on various uses of knowledge graphs:
https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/blog/graphrag-unlocking-llm-discovery-on-narrative-private-data/
State of ICS and IoT Cyber Threat Landscape Report 2024 previewPrayukth K V
The IoT and OT threat landscape report has been prepared by the Threat Research Team at Sectrio using data from Sectrio, cyber threat intelligence farming facilities spread across over 85 cities around the world. In addition, Sectrio also runs AI-based advanced threat and payload engagement facilities that serve as sinks to attract and engage sophisticated threat actors, and newer malware including new variants and latent threats that are at an earlier stage of development.
The latest edition of the OT/ICS and IoT security Threat Landscape Report 2024 also covers:
State of global ICS asset and network exposure
Sectoral targets and attacks as well as the cost of ransom
Global APT activity, AI usage, actor and tactic profiles, and implications
Rise in volumes of AI-powered cyberattacks
Major cyber events in 2024
Malware and malicious payload trends
Cyberattack types and targets
Vulnerability exploit attempts on CVEs
Attacks on counties – USA
Expansion of bot farms – how, where, and why
In-depth analysis of the cyber threat landscape across North America, South America, Europe, APAC, and the Middle East
Why are attacks on smart factories rising?
Cyber risk predictions
Axis of attacks – Europe
Systemic attacks in the Middle East
Download the full report from here:
https://sectrio.com/resources/ot-threat-landscape-reports/sectrio-releases-ot-ics-and-iot-security-threat-landscape-report-2024/
Key Trends Shaping the Future of Infrastructure.pdfCheryl Hung
Keynote at DIGIT West Expo, Glasgow on 29 May 2024.
Cheryl Hung, ochery.com
Sr Director, Infrastructure Ecosystem, Arm.
The key trends across hardware, cloud and open-source; exploring how these areas are likely to mature and develop over the short and long-term, and then considering how organisations can position themselves to adapt and thrive.
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 4DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 4. In this session, we will cover Test Manager overview along with SAP heatmap.
The UiPath Test Manager overview with SAP heatmap webinar offers a concise yet comprehensive exploration of the role of a Test Manager within SAP environments, coupled with the utilization of heatmaps for effective testing strategies.
Participants will gain insights into the responsibilities, challenges, and best practices associated with test management in SAP projects. Additionally, the webinar delves into the significance of heatmaps as a visual aid for identifying testing priorities, areas of risk, and resource allocation within SAP landscapes. Through this session, attendees can expect to enhance their understanding of test management principles while learning practical approaches to optimize testing processes in SAP environments using heatmap visualization techniques
What will you get from this session?
1. Insights into SAP testing best practices
2. Heatmap utilization for testing
3. Optimization of testing processes
4. Demo
Topics covered:
Execution from the test manager
Orchestrator execution result
Defect reporting
SAP heatmap example with demo
Speaker:
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
DevOps and Testing slides at DASA ConnectKari Kakkonen
My and Rik Marselis slides at 30.5.2024 DASA Connect conference. We discuss about what is testing, then what is agile testing and finally what is Testing in DevOps. Finally we had lovely workshop with the participants trying to find out different ways to think about quality and testing in different parts of the DevOps infinity loop.
Let's dive deeper into the world of ODC! Ricardo Alves (OutSystems) will join us to tell all about the new Data Fabric. After that, Sezen de Bruijn (OutSystems) will get into the details on how to best design a sturdy architecture within ODC.
Essentials of Automations: Optimizing FME Workflows with ParametersSafe Software
Are you looking to streamline your workflows and boost your projects’ efficiency? Do you find yourself searching for ways to add flexibility and control over your FME workflows? If so, you’re in the right place.
Join us for an insightful dive into the world of FME parameters, a critical element in optimizing workflow efficiency. This webinar marks the beginning of our three-part “Essentials of Automation” series. This first webinar is designed to equip you with the knowledge and skills to utilize parameters effectively: enhancing the flexibility, maintainability, and user control of your FME projects.
Here’s what you’ll gain:
- Essentials of FME Parameters: Understand the pivotal role of parameters, including Reader/Writer, Transformer, User, and FME Flow categories. Discover how they are the key to unlocking automation and optimization within your workflows.
- Practical Applications in FME Form: Delve into key user parameter types including choice, connections, and file URLs. Allow users to control how a workflow runs, making your workflows more reusable. Learn to import values and deliver the best user experience for your workflows while enhancing accuracy.
- Optimization Strategies in FME Flow: Explore the creation and strategic deployment of parameters in FME Flow, including the use of deployment and geometry parameters, to maximize workflow efficiency.
- Pro Tips for Success: Gain insights on parameterizing connections and leveraging new features like Conditional Visibility for clarity and simplicity.
We’ll wrap up with a glimpse into future webinars, followed by a Q&A session to address your specific questions surrounding this topic.
Don’t miss this opportunity to elevate your FME expertise and drive your projects to new heights of efficiency.
5. ✛ Each cluster has…
> A single Name Node
∗ Stores file system metadata
∗ Stores “Block ID” -> Data Node mapping
> Many Data Nodes
∗ Store actual file data
> Clients of HDFS…
∗ Communicate with Name Node to browse file system, get
block locations for files
∗ Communicate directly with Data Nodes to read/write files
5
7. ✛ Want to support larger clusters
> ~4,000 node limit with 2010 architecture
> New nodes beefier than old nodes
∗ 2009: 8 cores, 16GB RAM, 4x1TB disks
∗ 2012: 16 cores, 48GB RAM, 12x3TB disks
✛ Want to increase availability
> With rise of HBase, HDFS now serving live traffic
> Downtime means immediate user-facing impact
✛ Want to improve random read performance
> HBase usually does small, random reads, not bulk
7
8. ✛ Single Name Node
> If Name Node goes offline, cluster is unavailable
> Name Node must fit all FS metadata in memory
✛ Inefficiencies in read pipeline
> Designed for large, streaming reads
> Not small, random reads (like HBase use case)
8
9. ✛ Fine for offline, batch-oriented applications
✛ If cluster goes offline, external customers don’t
notice
✛ Can always use separate clusters for different
groups
✛ HBase didn’t exist when Hadoop first created
> MapReduce was the only client application
9
11. HDFS CPU Improvements: Checksumming
• HDFS checksums every piece of data in/out
• Significant CPU overhead
• Measure by putting ~1G in HDFS, cat file in a loop
• 0.20.2: ~30-50% of CPU time is CRC32 computation!
• Optimizations:
• Switch to “bulk” API: verify/compute 64KB at a time
instead of 512 bytes (better instruction cache locality,
amortize JNI overhead)
• Switch to CRC32C polynomial, SSE4.2, highly tuned
assembly (~8 bytes per cycle with instruction level
parallelism!)
11 Copyright 2011 Cloudera Inc. All rights reserved
12. Checksum improvements
(lower is better)
1360us
100%
90%
80%
70%
60% 760us
50%
CDH3u0
40%
Optimized
30%
20%
10%
0%
Random-read Random-read CPU Sequential-read
latency usage CPU usage
Post-optimization: only 16% overhead vs un-checksummed access
Maintain ~800MB/sec from a single thread reading OS cache
12 Copyright 2011 Cloudera Inc. All rights reserved
13. HDFS Random access
• 0.20.2:
• Each individual read operation reconnects to
DataNode
• Much TCP Handshake overhead, thread creation,
etc
• 2.0.0:
• Clients cache open sockets to each datanode (like
HTTP Keepalive)
• Local readers can bypass the DN in some
circumstances to directly read data
• Rewritten BlockReader to eliminate a data copy
• Eliminated lock contention in DataNode’s
FSDataset class
13 Copyright 2011 Cloudera Inc. All rights reserved
14. Random-read micro benchmark (higher is better)
700
600
Speed (MB/sec)
500
400
300
200
100
106 253 299 247 488 635 187 477 633
0
4 threads, 1 file 16 threads, 1 file 8 threads, 2 files
0.20.2 Trunk (no native) Trunk (native)
TestParallelRead benchmark, modified to 100% random read
proportion.
Quad core Core i7 Q820@1.73Ghz
14 Copyright 2011 Cloudera Inc. All rights reserved
15. Random-read macro benchmark (HBase YCSB)
CDH4
Reads/sec
CDH3u1
time
15 Copyright 2011 Cloudera Inc. All rights reserved
17. ✛ Instead of one Name Node per cluster, several
> Before: Only one Name Node, many Data Nodes
> Now: A handful of Name Nodes, many Data Nodes
✛ Distribute file system metadata between the
NNs
✛ Each Name Node operates independently
> Potentially overlapping ranges of block IDs
> Introduce a new concept: block pool ID
> Each Name Node manages a single block pool
19. ✛ Improve scalability to 6,000+ Data Nodes
> Bumping into single Data Node scalability now
✛ Allow for better isolation
> Could locate HBase dirs on dedicated Name Node
> Could locate /user dirs on dedicated Name Node
✛ Clients still see unified view of FS namespace
> Use ViewFS – client side mount table configuration
Note: Federation != Increased Availability
19
21. Current HDFS Availability & Data Integrity
• Simple design, storage fault tolerance
• Storage: Rely on OS’s file system rather
than use raw disk
• Storage Fault Tolerance: multiple replicas,
active monitoring
• Single NameNode Master
• Persistent state: multiple copies + checkpoints
• Restart on failure
21
22. Current HDFS Availability & Data Integrity
• How well did it work?
• Lost 19 out of 329 Million blocks on 10 clusters with 20K
nodes in 2009
• 7-9’s of reliability, and that bug was fixed in 0.20
• 18 months Study: 22 failures on 25 clusters - 0.58 failures
per year per cluster
• Only 8 would have benefitted from HA failover!! (0.23
failures per cluster year)
22
23. So why build an HA NameNode?
• Most cluster downtime in practice is planned
downtime
• Cluster restart for a NN configuration change (e.g
new JVM configs, new HDFS configs)
• Cluster restart for a NN hardware upgrade/repair
• Cluster restart for a NN software upgrade (e.g. new
Hadoop, new kernel, new JVM)
• Planned downtimes cause the vast majority of
outage!
• Manual failover solves all of the above!
• Failover to NN2, fix NN1, fail back to NN1, zero
downtime
23
24. Approach and Terminology
• Initial goal: Active-Standby with Hot
Failover
• Terminology
• Active NN: actively serves read/write
operations from clients
• Standby NN: waits, becomes active when
Active dies or is unhealthy
• Hot failover: standby able to take over
instantly
24
25. HDFS Architecture: High Availability
• Single NN configuration; no failover
• Active and Standby with manual failover
• Addresses downtime during upgrades – main
cause of unavailability
• Active and Standby with automatic
failover
• Addresses downtime during unplanned outages
(kernel panics, bad memory, double PDU failure,
etc)
• See HDFS-1623 for detailed use cases
• With Federation each namespace volume has an
active-standby NameNode pair
25
26. HDFS Architecture: High Availability
• Failover controller outside NN
• Parallel Block reports to Active and
Standby
• NNs share namespace state via a shared
edit log
• NAS or Journal Nodes
• Like RDBMS “log shipping replication”
• Client failover
• Smart clients (e.g configuration, or ZooKeeper for
coordination)
• IP Failover in the future
26
29. ✛ Increase scalability of single Data Node
> Currently the most-noticed scalability limit
✛ Support for point-in-time snapshots
> To better support DR, backups
✛ Completely separate block / namespace layers
> Increase scalability even further, new use cases
✛ Fully distributed NN metadata
> No pre-determined “special nodes” in the system