This document provides evidence for organic evolution from several sources: 1) Fossil records from sedimentary rocks show connecting links between different species over time. 2) Homologous and analogous organs between different species indicate common ancestry. 3) Embryological studies show that animals of the same class have common early embryonic structures. 4) Connecting links are organisms that exhibit characteristics of two adjacent groups, providing transitional forms. 5) Geographic distribution patterns show that isolated populations of the same ancestral species vary over generations in different climates.

1. Dr. Nirbhay Sudhir Pimple
Department of Zoology
Abasaheb garware College
Karve road. Pune-4.

2. EVIDENCE OF ORGANIC EVOLUTION
 EVIDENCE FROM FOSSILS RECORDS FROM SEDIMENTARY ROCKS
EVIDENCE FROM HOMOLOGUS AND ANALOGUS ORGANS FROM
DIFFERENT SPECIES OF ANIMALS
EVIDENCE FROM EMBRYOLOGICAL EVIDENCE FROM NON-
CHORDATES TO CHORDATES
EVIDENCE FROM CONNECTING LINKS
EVIDENCE FROM GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION OF ORGANISMS

3. FOSSIL OFARCHAEOPTERYX EXAMPLE OF FOSSIL
FOSSIL: Preserved remnants of dead FLORA AND FAUNA
FOSSILOFPRIMITIVEORGANISMAREFOUNDATLOWERLEVELof SEDIMAENTARY
ROCKS

4. Homolog structure:
Similar structure and
position, but different
function
Courtesy of Prof. Ken Sytsma
Analog structure:
Similar function, but
different origin
Example of homologous structures
Human Whale
Cat Bat
Humerus
Ulna
Radius
Carpals
Metacarpals
Phalanges
Shows that they were evolved
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Shows that they were
evolved from different
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Comparision of embryo of different
vertebrates at initial stage
COMPARISION OF EMBRYO OF DIFFERENT
VERTEBRAtES
ANIMALS OF CERTAIN CLASS HAVE THE
COMMON STRUCTURES IN THEIR EARLY
EMBRyOLOGICAL STAGE

7.  organs or structures remaining or
surviving in a degenerate, atrophied, or
imperfect condition or form..
 Highly developed in lower animals but in
reduced form in higher animals
 PROVES THAT EVOLUTION OCCURS
VESTIGIAL ORGAN
IN SNAKE

8. E
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 ORGANISM EXHIBITING CHARACTERS OF TWO ADJACENT
GROUPS
 STRUCTURE & BEHAVIOUR PARTLY RESEMBLE TO LOWER GROUPS
AND PARTLY TO HIGHER GROUPS

9. EVIDENCE FROM
GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION OF ORGANISMS
Even though climatic similarity is
found at different places, the
organisms found there are
different if they are from different
origin.
Organisms of same origin are isolated in
different climatic enviroment , they vary in
structure after many generations.

10.  DEFINED AS SUDDEN CHROMOSOMAL CHANGE
 BRINGS VARIATION IN SAME ORIGIN
 RESULTS INTO VARIATION IN ORGANI SM
VARIATiION IN CARROT DUE TO MUTATION
RESULT OF MUTATION IN ASNAKE

11. A connecting link between two systematic classes of species is an
intermediate or transitional state. The other name of connecting links is
missing links. It bears characters common to both these groups on either
side of its position. Thus it represents an evolutionary line
Connecting link
Archaeopteryx (bird) Birds and Reptiles
Balanoglossus (hemichordate) Echinoderms and Chordates
Chimaera (Rat or Rabbit fish) Bony and cartilaginous fishes
Coelocanthus Fish and Land vertebrates
Ctenophora Coelenterates and Platyhelminthes
Ornithororhnchus (Duck billed platypus) Reptiles and Mammals
Perpaturus (walking worm) Arthropods and annelids
Proterospongia (protozoan) Protozoa and Porifera
Protopterus (lung fish) Pisces and Amphibia

12. African lungfishes are elongated, eel-like fishes, with thread-like pectoral and pelvic fins.
They have soft scales, and the dorsal and tail fins are fused into a single structure.
They can either swim like eels, or crawl along the bottom, using their pectoral and pelvic fins.
The African lungfish is an example of how the evolutionary transition from breathing water to
breathing air can happen.
Lungfish are periodically exposed to water with low oxygen content or situations in which their
aquatic environment dries up.
Their adaptation for dealing with these conditions is an outpocketing of the gut, related to the swim
bladder of other fishes, that serves as a lung.
The lung contains many thin-walled blood vessels, so blood flowing through those vessels can pick
up oxygen from air gulped into the lung.
Protopterus (lung fish)

13. The platypus (Ornithorhynchus anatinus), sometimes referred to as the duck-billed platypus, is a semiaquatic, egg-
laying mammal endemic to eastern Australia, including Tasmania.
The platypus is the sole living representative of its family (Ornithorhynchidae) and genus (Ornithorhynchus), though
a number of related species appear in the fossil record.
The body and the broad, flat tail of the platypus are covered with dense, brown, biofluorescent fur that traps a layer
of insulating air to keep the animal warm.
The fur is waterproof, and the texture is akin to that of a mole.
The platypus uses its tail for storage of fat reserves .
The webbing on the feet is more significant on the front feet and is folded back when walking on land.
The elongated snout and lower jaw are covered in soft skin, forming the bill.
The nostrils are located on the dorsal surface of the snout, while the eyes and ears are located in a groove set just
back from it; this groove is closed when swimming.
Platypuses have been heard to emit a low growl when disturbed and a range of other vocalisations have been
reported in captive specimens
Duck-billed Platypus

14. THANK YOU