1. Biology Week 14
Eukaryotic Cell Structure
Ch. 7.3 pg 179

2. Nucleus
• The central organelle that
manages and controls cellular
functions
•Stores genes on chromosomes
•Organize genes into
chromosomes to allow cell
division.
•Transport products via nuclear
pores
•Produce messages (messenger
Ribonucleic acid or mRNA) that
code for proteins
•Produce ribosomes in the
nucleolus
•Organize the uncoiling of DNA to
replicate key genes

3. Plasma membrane
(aka Cell membrane)
• composed of a phospholipid bi-layer
• a flexible boundary between the cell and
its environment
• which allows nutrients to come into the
cell and wastes to leave

4. Cell wall
 A structure located
on the outside the
plasma membrane,
provides support and
protection, fairly rigid
 Does not select
which molecules can
enter and exit

5. chromatin
 Strands of genetic material, DNA, in
the nucleus
 Contains the master set of directions
for making proteins

6. nucleolus
 The big dark
spot in the
nucleus
 Makes
ribosomes

7. ribosome
 They look like little dots on the nucleus, ER and in
the cytoplasm
 Where the cell produces proteins
 They are not true organelles

8. cytoplasm
 The clear
gelatinous fluid in
the area outside
of the nucleus
 All of the
organelles are
suspended (float)
in it

9. endoplasmic reticulum aka Transport tubes
 The site of cellular
chemical reactions
 aka transport tubes
 A series of highly
folded membranes,
like an accordion
 Sites where
ribosomes are
attached are called
rough

10. Golgi apparatus aka Golgi Bodies
 Sorts proteins and
packs them into
vesicles to be sent
to appropriate
destinations (like
mail being sorted at
the post office)

11. vacuole
 Bag-like storage
structure
 Used for temporary
storage of food,
enzymes, waste and
other materials
 Can take up to 90%
of the volume of a
plant cell
 Animal cell vacuoles
are much smaller

12. lysosome
 Contain digestive
enzymes to digest
excess or worn-out
organelles and
food.

13. chloroplast
 A green organelle with its own DNA that
captures light energy and converts it to
chemical energy (aka sugar) for a plants
and some protists

14. plastid
 A group of plant
organelles which are
used for storage of
starches, lipids, and
pigments

15. chlorophyll
 The green
pigment that
traps light energy
and gives leaves
and stems their
green color

16. mitochondria
 Membrane-bound
organelles that
produce ATP
which the cell
uses for energy
 Has its own DNA

17. microtubules
 Thin, hollow
cylinders made of
protein that
maintain the shape
of the cell, in the way
the skeleton is the
framework for your
body

18. cytoskeleton
 A framework of
microtubules
that maintains
the shape of the
cell, in the way
the skeleton is
the framework
for your body
 A network of tiny
rods and
filaments

19. microfilament
 Smaller than
microtubules, solid
protein fibers that act
to maintain the shape
of the cell, like poles
in a tent
 They anchor
organelles and provide
sort of highway system
though which materials
move within the cell

20. cilia
 Short, numerous projections from cells that
look like hairs. Their motion is similar to that
of oars in a rowboat, They are used for
locomotion in unicellular creatures

21. flagella
 Longer projections that move with a whip-
like motion, a cell usually only has one or
two. Used for locomotion in unicellular
creatures

22. Quiz

23. And now for the quiz…

24. 1
 The clear
gelatinous fluid in
the area outside
of the nucleus
 All of the
organelles are
suspended (float)
in it

25. 2
 Thin, hollow
cylinders made of
protein that
maintain the shape
of the cell, in the way
the skeleton is the
framework for your
body

26. 3
 Smaller than
microtubules, solid
protein fibers that act
to maintain the shape
of the cell, like poles
in a tent
 They anchor
organelles and provide
sort of highway system
though which materials
move within the cell

27. 4
 Short, numerous projections that look like
hairsTheir motion is similar to that of oars in
a rowboat, Use for locomotion in unicellular
creatures

28. 5
 The big dark
spot in the
nucleus
 Makes
ribosomes

29. 6
 They look like little dots on nucleus, ER and in cytoplasm
 Sites where the cell produces proteins
 They are not true organelles

30. 7
 A group of plant
organelles which are
used for storage,
such as starches,
lipids, pigments

31. 8
 A green pigment
that traps light
energy and give
leaves and stems
their green color

32. 9
 Membrane-bound
organelles that
transform energy for
the cell into bonds
of molecules called
ATP
 Has its own DNA

33. 10
 A structure located
on the outside the
plasma membrane,
provides support and
protection, fairly rigid
 Does not select
which molecules can
enter and exit

34. 11
 Thin, hollow
cylinders made of
protein that
maintain the shape
of the cell, in the way
the skeleton is the
framework for your
body

35. 12
 Smaller than
microtubules, solid
protein fibers that act
to maintain the shape
of the cell, like poles
in a tent
 They anchor
organelles and provide
sort of highway system
though which materials
move within the cell

36. 13
 Short, numerous projections that look like
hairsTheir motion is similar to that of oars in
a rowboat, Use for locomotion in unicellular
creatures

37. 14
 The big dark
spot in the
nucleus
 Makes
ribosomes

38. 15
 They look like little dots on nucleus, ER and in cytoplasm
 Sites where the cell produces proteins
 They are not true organelles

39. 16
 A group of plant
organelles which are
used for storage,
such as starches,
lipids, pigments

40. 17
 A green pigment
that traps light
energy and give
leaves and stems
their green color

41. 18
 Membrane-bound
organelles that
transform energy for
the cell into bonds
of molecules called
ATP
 Has its own DNA

42. 19
 Strands of genetic material, DNA, in
the nucleus
 Contains the master set of directions
for making proteins

43. 20
 A framework of
microtubules
that maintains
the shape of the
cell, in the way
the skeleton is
the framework
for your body
 A network of tiny
rods and
filaments

44. 21
 The site of cellular
chemical reactions,
aka transport tubes
 A series of highly
folded membranes
suspended in the
cytoplasm, like an
accordion
 Sites where ribosomes
are attached are called
rough

45. 22
 After proteins are made,
they are transferred to
this organelle
 A flattened stack of
tubular membranes
 Sorts proteins into
packages and packs
them into membrane
pound structures called
vesicles to be sent to
appropriate destinations
(like mail being sorted at
the post office)

46. 23
 Used for temporary
storage of food,
enzymes, waste and
other materials
 Bag-like storage
structure
 Can take up to 90%
of the volume of a
plant cell
 Animal cell vacuoles
are much smaller

47. 24
 Contain digestive
enzymes to digest
excess or worn-out
organelles, food,
and engulfed
viruses and bacteria

48. 25
 A green organelle that captures light
energy and converts it to chemical energy
for a plants and some protists
 Has its own DNA

49. 26
 Longer projections that move with a whip-
like motion, a cell usually only has one or
twoUsed for locomotion in unicellular
creatures

50. Thank you