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Arm cortex R(real time)processor series
- 1. -Ronak Rathod( EmbeddedSystems) Vellore Institute of Technology
- 2. ARM isknown primarily for its range of Cortex-A processors used in significant numbers of consumer devices such as smartphones and tablets. Each of these processors is based on evolutions of ARM’s application profile (A profile) architecture
- 3. The ARMarchitecture also contains profiles targeting the specific needs of embedded, real-time processors and microcontrollers, respectively called the Real-time (R profile) and Microcontroller profiles (M profile). Found in systems ranging from anti-lock- braking to cell phone radios
- 4. Real-time processorsis based on the ARMv7- R architecture . It has three complementary processors: the Cortex-R4, Cortex-R5 and Cortex-R7 processors.
- 7. Cortex-R4 ishighly configurable for precise application It has Instruction and Data cache controllers, Tightly- Coupled Memory (TCM) interfaces, memory protection, error correction or parity checking, debug and trace and a Floating-Point Unit (FPU). The processor’s advanced micro-architecture and feature set includes the Thumb-2 instruction set architecture, which significantly reduces Cortex-R4’s Cycles per Instruction (CPI) compared with other processors in its class. Efficient implementation ensures excellent power, performance and area attributes for the Cortex-R4. Other features such as a single AMBA3 AXI interface and memory system enhancements make the Cortex-R4 easy to integrate in a System on Chip.
- 8. Key featuresthat are demanded by deeply embedded and real-time markets such as automotive safety, storage or wireless baseband, where high- performance, real-time, safe and cost-effective processing is required. Cortex R series provides following features High performance: Rapid execution of complex code and DSP functionality Real-time: Deterministic operation to ensure responsiveness and high throughput Reliable: Detects errors and maintains system operation Cost effective: Fast time-to-market and customizable features
- 9. Hercules safetymicrocontrollers(TI) platform consists of three ARM Cortex-based microcontroller families (RM48x, TMS570 and TMS470M) that deliver scalable performance, connectivity, memory and safety features.
- 10. ARM unveileda trail-blazing new processor design as it prepares for the arrival of super-fast 5G mobile network connections. The Cambridge chip design giant unveiled the Cortex-R8, a quad-core processor which combines real time features and extended low-latency memory.It apparently makes it perfect for future 5G modems and mass storage devices. 5G is expected to be the next standard in mobile connections, offering speeds up to 100 times higher than the 4G network offered on most smartphones.
- 11. References: www.arm.com/products/processors/cortex- r/index.php?tab=Performance www.ti.com › Microcontrollers (MCU) › Performance MCUs › Safety
- 12.
Editor's Notes
- #7 The ARM966E-S and ARM946E-S introduced the concept of Tightly Coupled Memories (TCM) – regions of fast RAM coupled to the core by dedicated interfaces and designed for fast (typically single-cycle) memory accesses. Unlike cache, TCM requires explicit management in software to load specific data and instruction segments (such as critical data and interrupt service routines) into TCM from where they can be accessed swiftly and reliably when required. The ARM946E-S implemented a Memory Protection Unit (MPU) which allows software to partition code and data into memory regions with configurable access permissions. This is a basic requirement for safety-critical systems.
- #8 RMv7-R does not support virtual memory, so does not include an MMU. Instead, it supports what is called the Protected Memory System Architecture (PMSA). This is typically implemented via an MPU. This allows memory to be partitioned (separately on the code and data sides) into regions which have configurable protection attributes. These attributes are policed by the MPU. The number of regions supported was increased in the Cortex-R5.
- #9 The processor trace interface port enables connection of an ETM to the processor. The ARM Embedded Trace Macrocell (ETM) provides instruction and data trace for the ARM11 family of processors. All inputs are registered immediately inside the ETM unless specified otherwise. All outputs are driven directly from a register unless specified otherwise The ETM interface includes the following groups of signals: an instruction interface a Secure control bus a data address interface a pipeline advance interface a data value interface a coprocessor interface other connections to the core.
- #11 Cortex-R8 includes out-of-order instruction execution and dynamic register re-naming, combined with advanced branch prediction, superscalar execution capability and fast hardware support for divide, DSP and floating-point functions. The Cortex-R8 enables the highest LTE categories to be achieved in LTE Advanced and LTE Advanced Pro modems. The high processing performance of Cortex-R8 enables modems to manage multiple carriers and achieve the very high throughputs, and provides a solid path to deliver 5G modems.