International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is a team of researchers not publication services or private publications running the journals for monetary benefits, we are association of scientists and academia who focus only on supporting authors who want to publish their work. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online, all the articles will be archived for real time access.
Our journal system primarily aims to bring out the research talent and the works done by sciaentists, academia, engineers, practitioners, scholars, post graduate students of engineering and science. This journal aims to cover the scientific research in a broader sense and not publishing a niche area of research facilitating researchers from various verticals to publish their papers. It is also aimed to provide a platform for the researchers to publish in a shorter of time, enabling them to continue further All articles published are freely available to scientific researchers in the Government agencies,educators and the general public. We are taking serious efforts to promote our journal across the globe in various ways, we are sure that our journal will act as a scientific platform for all researchers to publish their works online.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
A Hybrid PAPR Reduction Scheme for OFDM System ijmnct
ย
Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) i
s considered as most efficient technique for future
wireless communication systems due to its higher sp
ectral bandwidth efficiency, robustness to frequenc
y
selective fading channels, etc. However, the succes
sful implementation of the OFDM system necessitates
several difficulties. The biggest disadvantage to w
ork with OFDM system is its high peak-to-average po
wer
ratio PAPR leadsto severe inter carrier interferenc
e, out-of-band radiation, and poor bit error rate
performance due to the nonlinearity of the high pow
er amplifier. In this paper, a novel hybrid techniq
ue is
proposed to reduce PAPR further and comparison has
been done with conventional techniques as well.
Simulated results are presentedconfirm theoretical
results.MATLAB 7.5 is used to simulate the results
for system parametersconsidered.
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
Performance improvement for papr reduction in lte downlink system with ellipt...IJCNCJournal
ย
This paper is concerned with the performance improvement of PAPR reduction of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) signal using amplitude clipping & filtering based design. Note that OFDM is one of the well adept multi-carrier multiplexing transmission scheme which has been implemented in long term evolution (LTE) downlink. Nonetheless peak to average power ratio (PAPR) is the more rattling problem with OFDM, consequently in this paper a reduction procedure of the PAPR by using amplitude clipping and filtering is proposed. Here we used IIR bandpass elliptic filter after amplitude clipping to
reduce the PAPR. The performance of the system in terms of bit error rate (BER) is also canvased as a new
filter based clipping method. Our results show that the proposed methodology of clipping method with the
IIR elliptic band pass filter significantly reduces the PAPR value.
SLM-PTS BASED PAPR REDUCTION TECHNIQUES IN OFDM SYSTEMHariniChaganti1
ย
Signals, which were initially sent in the analog domain, are being sent more and more in the digital domain these days. For better transmission, even singleโcarrier waves are being replaced by multiโcarriers. Multi-carrier
systems like OFDM are now โ a โ days being implemented commonly. In the OFDM system,
orthogonally placed subcarriers are used to carry the data from the transmitter end to the receiver end. The presence of a guard band in this system deals with the problem of ISI and noise is minimized by a larger number of subโcarriers. But the large Peakโ to โAverage Power Ratio of these signal have some undesirable effects on the system. The Peak-to-Average Power Ratio is the ratio between the maximum power and average power of a complex passband signal. It causes many disadvantages like band-in and band-out variation, low signal to quantization noise ratio, low efficiency of power amplifier, etc. Hence, it is necessary to reduce PAPR in OFDM for its efficient use.
In this project, the main objective is to study the basics of an OFDM System and analyze and
simulate various methods such as clipping and filtering, selected mapping, Partial transmit sequence
to reduce the PAPR in the system and compare these techniques with and without PAPR reduction to
obtain an efficient technique so that this system can be used more commonly and effectively.
PAPR REDUCTION OF OFDM SIGNAL BY USING COMBINED HADAMARD AND MODIFIED MEU-LAW...IJCNCJournal
ย
Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is a technique which gives high quality of service (QOS) to the users by mitigating the fading signals as well as high data rates in multimedia services. However, the peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) is a technical challenge that reduces the efficiency of RF power amplifiers. In this paper, we propose the combined Hadamard transform and modified meu-law companding transform method in order to lessen the effects of the peak-to-average power ratio of the
OFDM signal. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme reduces PAPR compared to other companding techniques as well as the Hadamard transform technique when used on its own.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
A Hybrid PAPR Reduction Scheme for OFDM System ijmnct
ย
Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) i
s considered as most efficient technique for future
wireless communication systems due to its higher sp
ectral bandwidth efficiency, robustness to frequenc
y
selective fading channels, etc. However, the succes
sful implementation of the OFDM system necessitates
several difficulties. The biggest disadvantage to w
ork with OFDM system is its high peak-to-average po
wer
ratio PAPR leadsto severe inter carrier interferenc
e, out-of-band radiation, and poor bit error rate
performance due to the nonlinearity of the high pow
er amplifier. In this paper, a novel hybrid techniq
ue is
proposed to reduce PAPR further and comparison has
been done with conventional techniques as well.
Simulated results are presentedconfirm theoretical
results.MATLAB 7.5 is used to simulate the results
for system parametersconsidered.
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
Performance improvement for papr reduction in lte downlink system with ellipt...IJCNCJournal
ย
This paper is concerned with the performance improvement of PAPR reduction of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) signal using amplitude clipping & filtering based design. Note that OFDM is one of the well adept multi-carrier multiplexing transmission scheme which has been implemented in long term evolution (LTE) downlink. Nonetheless peak to average power ratio (PAPR) is the more rattling problem with OFDM, consequently in this paper a reduction procedure of the PAPR by using amplitude clipping and filtering is proposed. Here we used IIR bandpass elliptic filter after amplitude clipping to
reduce the PAPR. The performance of the system in terms of bit error rate (BER) is also canvased as a new
filter based clipping method. Our results show that the proposed methodology of clipping method with the
IIR elliptic band pass filter significantly reduces the PAPR value.
SLM-PTS BASED PAPR REDUCTION TECHNIQUES IN OFDM SYSTEMHariniChaganti1
ย
Signals, which were initially sent in the analog domain, are being sent more and more in the digital domain these days. For better transmission, even singleโcarrier waves are being replaced by multiโcarriers. Multi-carrier
systems like OFDM are now โ a โ days being implemented commonly. In the OFDM system,
orthogonally placed subcarriers are used to carry the data from the transmitter end to the receiver end. The presence of a guard band in this system deals with the problem of ISI and noise is minimized by a larger number of subโcarriers. But the large Peakโ to โAverage Power Ratio of these signal have some undesirable effects on the system. The Peak-to-Average Power Ratio is the ratio between the maximum power and average power of a complex passband signal. It causes many disadvantages like band-in and band-out variation, low signal to quantization noise ratio, low efficiency of power amplifier, etc. Hence, it is necessary to reduce PAPR in OFDM for its efficient use.
In this project, the main objective is to study the basics of an OFDM System and analyze and
simulate various methods such as clipping and filtering, selected mapping, Partial transmit sequence
to reduce the PAPR in the system and compare these techniques with and without PAPR reduction to
obtain an efficient technique so that this system can be used more commonly and effectively.
PAPR REDUCTION OF OFDM SIGNAL BY USING COMBINED HADAMARD AND MODIFIED MEU-LAW...IJCNCJournal
ย
Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is a technique which gives high quality of service (QOS) to the users by mitigating the fading signals as well as high data rates in multimedia services. However, the peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) is a technical challenge that reduces the efficiency of RF power amplifiers. In this paper, we propose the combined Hadamard transform and modified meu-law companding transform method in order to lessen the effects of the peak-to-average power ratio of the
OFDM signal. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme reduces PAPR compared to other companding techniques as well as the Hadamard transform technique when used on its own.
Hybrid approach to solve the problem of papr in ofdm signal a surveyeSAT Journals
ย
โOrthogonal frequency division multiplexing
method used to achieve the todayโs need of wireless communication
3GPP Association for the use of LTE. The
higher data rate, higher bit rate, mitigated delay spread, lower multipath distortion,
OFDM system has few major issues associated with
ratio (PAPR)โ associated with the signal.
interleaved OFDM, selective mapping (SLM)
windowing, clipping, filtering, tone rejection(TR), tone injection(TI), compandin
Analysis of Peak to Average Power Ratio Reduction Techniques in Sfbc Ofdm SystemIOSR Journals
ย
Abstract: Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) has become the most popular modulation echnique for high speed data transmission. But the great disadvantage of the OFDM technique is its high Peak to Average Power Ratio (PAPR). In this paper, the Selected Mapping (SLM) technique and Clipping and Differential Scaling is applied to Space Frequency Block Coded (SFBC) OFDM systems to reduce the PAPR with Alamouti coding scheme. In SLM technique, different representations of OFDM symbols are generated by rotation of the original OFDM frame by different phase sequences, and the signal with minimum PAPR is selected and transmitted. To compensate for the effect of the phase rotation at the receiver, it is necessary to transmit the index of the selected phase sequence as side information (SI). Additionally, a suboptimum detection method that does not need SI is introduced at the receiver side. In Clipping and Differential Scaling technique, the amplitude of complex OFDM signal is clipped and then scaled in such a way so that the PAPR is reduced without causing much degradation in bit error rate (BER). The threshold values for clipping and scaling is determined using Monte Carlo Simulations. Simulation results show that the SLM method and Clipping and Scaling method effectively reduce the PAPR. Keywords: Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM), peak to average power ratio (PAPR), selected mapping (SLM), space frequency block coded (SFBC), Side information (SI), high power amplifiers (HPA), complementary cumulative density function (CCDF), inter-symbol interference (ISI).
Comparative Analysis of PAPR Reduction Techniques in OFDM Using Precoding Tec...IJSRD
ย
In this modern era, Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) has been proved to be an explicit promising technique for wired and wireless systems because of its several advantages like high spectral efficiency, robustness against frequency selective fading, relatively simple receiver implementation etc. Besides having a number of advantages OFDM suffers from few disadvantages like high Peak to Average Power Ratio (PAPR), Intercarrier Interference (ICI), Intersymbol Interference (ISI) etc. These detrimental effects, if not compensated properly and timely, can result in system performance degradation. This paper mainly concentrates on reduction of PAPR.A comparisons have been made between various precoding techniques against conventional OFDM.
Performance of Multiple symbol representation with clipping scheme for PAPR r...ijsrd.com
ย
OFDM is one of the multicarrier modulation technique used in various communication systems. The major problem one faces while implementing this system is the high peak to average power .For an efficient OFDM system this PAPR should be low. In this paper a hybrid PAPR (peak to average power ratio) reduction technique for the OFDM (orthogonal frequency division multiplexing) signal which combines a multiple symbol representations method with a signal clipping method is proposed. In multiple symbol representations alternative signaling points are used to represent one symbol and PAPR is further reduced with the clipping scheme. The performance of the hybrid scheme is compared with the partial transmit sequence which is one of the other PAPR reduction scheme. In partial transmit sequence the input data is divided in to disjoint blocks transformed in to time domain sequence and rotated by phase factors. Theoretical analysis and simulation results validate that the proposed scheme has the ability to provide large PAPR reduction, low bit error rate. Performance analysis is also done with the partial transmit sequence scheme.
Analyses and performance of techniques papr reduction for stbc mimo ofdm syst...ijwmn
ย
An OFDM system is combined with multiple-input mult
iple-output (MIMO) in order to increase the
diversity gain and system capacity over the time va
riant frequency-selective channels. However, a maj
or
drawback of MIMO-OFDM system is that the transmitte
d signals on different antennas might exhibit high
peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR).In this paper, w
e present a PAPR analysis reduction of space-time-
block-coded (STBC) MIMO-OFDM system for 4G wireless
networks. Several techniques have been used to
reduce the PAPR of the (STBC) MIMOOFDM system: clip
ping and filtering, partial transmit sequence
(PTS) and selected mapping (SLM). Simulation result
s show that clipping and filtering provides a bette
r
PAPR reduction than the others methods and only SLM
technique conserve the PAPR reduction in
reception part of signal.
AN OVERVIEW OF PEAK-TO-AVERAGE POWER RATIO REDUCTION TECHNIQUES FOR OFDM SIGNALSijmnct
ย
OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) has been widely adopted for high data rate wireless
communication systems due to its advantages such as extraordinary spectral efficiency, robustness to
channel fading and better QoS (Quality of Service) performance for multiple users. However, some
challenging issues are still unresolved in OFDM systems. One of the issues is the high PAPR (peak-toaverage
power ratio), which results in nonlinearity in power amplifiers, and causes out of band radiation
and in band distortion. This paper reviews some conventional PAPR reduction techniques and their
modifications to achieve better PAPR performance. Advantages and disadvantages of each technique are
discussed in detail. And comparisons between different techniques are also presented. Finally, this paper
makes a prospect forecast about the direction for further researches in the area of PAPR reduction for
OFDM signals
Analysis of Reduction of PAPR by Linear Predictive Coding in OFDM AnuragSingh1049
ย
The major challenge in orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is to reduce high peak to average power ratio (PAPR) that leads to non linear distortion for the application of high power amplifier. PAPR is defined as the ratio between the maximum instantaneous power and its average power. In this paper, we have presented new PAPR reduction technique to reduce peak to average power ratio using Linear predicting coding (LPC) in OFDM system. In this paper, proposed technique show the significant reduction in PAPR without any harmful degradation in power spectral density (PSD), computational complexity (CC) and performance error of the system. This proposed method can be applied for any number of subcarrier and independent of modulation scheme under Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN) channel.
Bessel Companding Transform for reducing PAPR, OBI and BER in OFDM SystemsIOSR Journals
ย
Abstract : Orthogonal Frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is a very popular technique in wireless communications which provides excellent robustness to channel fading and immune to interference. OFDM is one of a popular modulation technique for transmitting large amounts of digital data over radio carriers. One of the major problems that had been observed in this is the Peak-To Average power Ratio (PAPR). PAPR is a distortion that had occurred due to large number of sub carriers that are used in OFDM for modulating the digital data. Many techniques were available to reduce the PAPR in OFDM systems, among them the companding technique can be used to enhance the OFDM transmission performance by decreasing the PAPR effectively and hence BER. Here we proposed โBessel Companding Algorithmโ to reduce this significant drawback in OFDM Systems. Keywords : Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM), peak to average power ratio (PAPR), bit error rate (BER), Out Band Interference (OBI), Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN), Bessel Companding Algorithm, Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM) and Multi Carrier Modulation (MCM).
A PAPR Reduction for OFDM Signals Based on Self-Adaptive Multipopulation DE a...IJECEIAES
ย
One of major drawbacks of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems is the high peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR). A signal with high PAPR leads to nonlinear distortion caused mainly by power ampli๏ฌers in wireless transmitters. Partial transmit sequence (PTS) is one of the most attractive methods to reduce the PAPR in OFDM systems. It achieves considerable PAPR reduction without distortion, but it requires an exhaustive search over all the combinations of the given phase factors, which results in a computational complexity that increases exponentially with the number of partitions. For this optimization problem, we propose in this paper a suboptimal PTS method based on the self-adaptive multipopulation differential evolution algorithm (SAMDE). The self adaptation of control parameters and structured population, is able to obtain high quality solutions with low computational cost by evolving each sub-population of individuals over successive generations.
CS Based Channel Estimation for OFDM Systems under Long Delay Channels Using ...IJERA Editor
ย
Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is a technique which are used in the next-generation wireless communication. Channel estimation in the OFDM technique is one of the big challenges, ever since high-resolution channel estimation can significantly improve the equalization at the receiver and consequently enhance the communication performances. Channel computation using superimposed pilot sequences is also a fully new area, idea for using superimposed pilot sequences has been proposed by various authors for different applications. In this paper, we are introduced a high accurate, low complexity compressive sensing (CS) based channel estimation namely Auxiliary information based Subspace Pursuit (ASP) in TFT-OFDM systems. ASP based channel estimation in TFT-OFDM system is based on two steps. First is, by exploiting the signal structure of recently proposed TDM-OFDM scheme, the supporting channel information is obtained. Second is, we propose the supporting information based subspace pursuit (SP) algorithm to use a very small amount of frequency domain pilots embedded in the OFDM block used for the exact channel estimation. Moreover, the obtained auxiliary channel information is adopted to reduce the complexity of the conventional SP algorithm. Simulation results demonstrate a important reduction of the number of pilots relative to least-squares channel estimation and supporting high-order modulations like 256 QAM.
Low Peak to Average Power Ratio and High Spectral Efficiency Using Selective ...theijes
ย
A low complexity peak to average power ratio (PAPR) reduction scheme for orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems is proposed. All pass filters technique used PAPR is reduction but small amount of reduction, So use Selective Mapping (SLM) technique reduce PAPR and SNR increases.
Computationally Efficient Algorithm for Reducing PAPR in OFDM using Null Subc...idescitation
ย
A new algorithm is proposed which is used with
existing null-data subcarrier switching method of Peak to
Average Power Ratio (PAPR) reduction in OFDM to lower the
computational complexity. This proposed algorithm is very
simple and achieves significant reduction in computational
overhead without sacrificing PAPR reduction capability of
null-data subcarrier switching method. The proposed
algorithm is compatible with the current commercial systems
and it can be used with other existing algorithms to reduce
the computational overhead further. The proposed algorithm
is very useful in delay sensitive services. The effectiveness of
the proposed algorithm is demonstrated by presenting
simulation results of PAPR and computational time
requirement.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is a team of researchers not publication services or private publications running the journals for monetary benefits, we are association of scientists and academia who focus only on supporting authors who want to publish their work. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online, all the articles will be archived for real time access.
Our journal system primarily aims to bring out the research talent and the works done by sciaentists, academia, engineers, practitioners, scholars, post graduate students of engineering and science. This journal aims to cover the scientific research in a broader sense and not publishing a niche area of research facilitating researchers from various verticals to publish their papers. It is also aimed to provide a platform for the researchers to publish in a shorter of time, enabling them to continue further All articles published are freely available to scientific researchers in the Government agencies,educators and the general public. We are taking serious efforts to promote our journal across the globe in various ways, we are sure that our journal will act as a scientific platform for all researchers to publish their works online.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is a team of researchers not publication services or private publications running the journals for monetary benefits, we are association of scientists and academia who focus only on supporting authors who want to publish their work. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online, all the articles will be archived for real time access.
Our journal system primarily aims to bring out the research talent and the works done by sciaentists, academia, engineers, practitioners, scholars, post graduate students of engineering and science. This journal aims to cover the scientific research in a broader sense and not publishing a niche area of research facilitating researchers from various verticals to publish their papers. It is also aimed to provide a platform for the researchers to publish in a shorter of time, enabling them to continue further All articles published are freely available to scientific researchers in the Government agencies,educators and the general public. We are taking serious efforts to promote our journal across the globe in various ways, we are sure that our journal will act as a scientific platform for all researchers to publish their works online.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is a team of researchers not publication services or private publications running the journals for monetary benefits, we are association of scientists and academia who focus only on supporting authors who want to publish their work. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online, all the articles will be archived for real time access.
Our journal system primarily aims to bring out the research talent and the works done by sciaentists, academia, engineers, practitioners, scholars, post graduate students of engineering and science. This journal aims to cover the scientific research in a broader sense and not publishing a niche area of research facilitating researchers from various verticals to publish their papers. It is also aimed to provide a platform for the researchers to publish in a shorter of time, enabling them to continue further All articles published are freely available to scientific researchers in the Government agencies,educators and the general public. We are taking serious efforts to promote our journal across the globe in various ways, we are sure that our journal will act as a scientific platform for all researchers to publish their works online.
Hybrid approach to solve the problem of papr in ofdm signal a surveyeSAT Journals
ย
โOrthogonal frequency division multiplexing
method used to achieve the todayโs need of wireless communication
3GPP Association for the use of LTE. The
higher data rate, higher bit rate, mitigated delay spread, lower multipath distortion,
OFDM system has few major issues associated with
ratio (PAPR)โ associated with the signal.
interleaved OFDM, selective mapping (SLM)
windowing, clipping, filtering, tone rejection(TR), tone injection(TI), compandin
Analysis of Peak to Average Power Ratio Reduction Techniques in Sfbc Ofdm SystemIOSR Journals
ย
Abstract: Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) has become the most popular modulation echnique for high speed data transmission. But the great disadvantage of the OFDM technique is its high Peak to Average Power Ratio (PAPR). In this paper, the Selected Mapping (SLM) technique and Clipping and Differential Scaling is applied to Space Frequency Block Coded (SFBC) OFDM systems to reduce the PAPR with Alamouti coding scheme. In SLM technique, different representations of OFDM symbols are generated by rotation of the original OFDM frame by different phase sequences, and the signal with minimum PAPR is selected and transmitted. To compensate for the effect of the phase rotation at the receiver, it is necessary to transmit the index of the selected phase sequence as side information (SI). Additionally, a suboptimum detection method that does not need SI is introduced at the receiver side. In Clipping and Differential Scaling technique, the amplitude of complex OFDM signal is clipped and then scaled in such a way so that the PAPR is reduced without causing much degradation in bit error rate (BER). The threshold values for clipping and scaling is determined using Monte Carlo Simulations. Simulation results show that the SLM method and Clipping and Scaling method effectively reduce the PAPR. Keywords: Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM), peak to average power ratio (PAPR), selected mapping (SLM), space frequency block coded (SFBC), Side information (SI), high power amplifiers (HPA), complementary cumulative density function (CCDF), inter-symbol interference (ISI).
Comparative Analysis of PAPR Reduction Techniques in OFDM Using Precoding Tec...IJSRD
ย
In this modern era, Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) has been proved to be an explicit promising technique for wired and wireless systems because of its several advantages like high spectral efficiency, robustness against frequency selective fading, relatively simple receiver implementation etc. Besides having a number of advantages OFDM suffers from few disadvantages like high Peak to Average Power Ratio (PAPR), Intercarrier Interference (ICI), Intersymbol Interference (ISI) etc. These detrimental effects, if not compensated properly and timely, can result in system performance degradation. This paper mainly concentrates on reduction of PAPR.A comparisons have been made between various precoding techniques against conventional OFDM.
Performance of Multiple symbol representation with clipping scheme for PAPR r...ijsrd.com
ย
OFDM is one of the multicarrier modulation technique used in various communication systems. The major problem one faces while implementing this system is the high peak to average power .For an efficient OFDM system this PAPR should be low. In this paper a hybrid PAPR (peak to average power ratio) reduction technique for the OFDM (orthogonal frequency division multiplexing) signal which combines a multiple symbol representations method with a signal clipping method is proposed. In multiple symbol representations alternative signaling points are used to represent one symbol and PAPR is further reduced with the clipping scheme. The performance of the hybrid scheme is compared with the partial transmit sequence which is one of the other PAPR reduction scheme. In partial transmit sequence the input data is divided in to disjoint blocks transformed in to time domain sequence and rotated by phase factors. Theoretical analysis and simulation results validate that the proposed scheme has the ability to provide large PAPR reduction, low bit error rate. Performance analysis is also done with the partial transmit sequence scheme.
Analyses and performance of techniques papr reduction for stbc mimo ofdm syst...ijwmn
ย
An OFDM system is combined with multiple-input mult
iple-output (MIMO) in order to increase the
diversity gain and system capacity over the time va
riant frequency-selective channels. However, a maj
or
drawback of MIMO-OFDM system is that the transmitte
d signals on different antennas might exhibit high
peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR).In this paper, w
e present a PAPR analysis reduction of space-time-
block-coded (STBC) MIMO-OFDM system for 4G wireless
networks. Several techniques have been used to
reduce the PAPR of the (STBC) MIMOOFDM system: clip
ping and filtering, partial transmit sequence
(PTS) and selected mapping (SLM). Simulation result
s show that clipping and filtering provides a bette
r
PAPR reduction than the others methods and only SLM
technique conserve the PAPR reduction in
reception part of signal.
AN OVERVIEW OF PEAK-TO-AVERAGE POWER RATIO REDUCTION TECHNIQUES FOR OFDM SIGNALSijmnct
ย
OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) has been widely adopted for high data rate wireless
communication systems due to its advantages such as extraordinary spectral efficiency, robustness to
channel fading and better QoS (Quality of Service) performance for multiple users. However, some
challenging issues are still unresolved in OFDM systems. One of the issues is the high PAPR (peak-toaverage
power ratio), which results in nonlinearity in power amplifiers, and causes out of band radiation
and in band distortion. This paper reviews some conventional PAPR reduction techniques and their
modifications to achieve better PAPR performance. Advantages and disadvantages of each technique are
discussed in detail. And comparisons between different techniques are also presented. Finally, this paper
makes a prospect forecast about the direction for further researches in the area of PAPR reduction for
OFDM signals
Analysis of Reduction of PAPR by Linear Predictive Coding in OFDM AnuragSingh1049
ย
The major challenge in orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is to reduce high peak to average power ratio (PAPR) that leads to non linear distortion for the application of high power amplifier. PAPR is defined as the ratio between the maximum instantaneous power and its average power. In this paper, we have presented new PAPR reduction technique to reduce peak to average power ratio using Linear predicting coding (LPC) in OFDM system. In this paper, proposed technique show the significant reduction in PAPR without any harmful degradation in power spectral density (PSD), computational complexity (CC) and performance error of the system. This proposed method can be applied for any number of subcarrier and independent of modulation scheme under Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN) channel.
Bessel Companding Transform for reducing PAPR, OBI and BER in OFDM SystemsIOSR Journals
ย
Abstract : Orthogonal Frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is a very popular technique in wireless communications which provides excellent robustness to channel fading and immune to interference. OFDM is one of a popular modulation technique for transmitting large amounts of digital data over radio carriers. One of the major problems that had been observed in this is the Peak-To Average power Ratio (PAPR). PAPR is a distortion that had occurred due to large number of sub carriers that are used in OFDM for modulating the digital data. Many techniques were available to reduce the PAPR in OFDM systems, among them the companding technique can be used to enhance the OFDM transmission performance by decreasing the PAPR effectively and hence BER. Here we proposed โBessel Companding Algorithmโ to reduce this significant drawback in OFDM Systems. Keywords : Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM), peak to average power ratio (PAPR), bit error rate (BER), Out Band Interference (OBI), Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN), Bessel Companding Algorithm, Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM) and Multi Carrier Modulation (MCM).
A PAPR Reduction for OFDM Signals Based on Self-Adaptive Multipopulation DE a...IJECEIAES
ย
One of major drawbacks of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems is the high peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR). A signal with high PAPR leads to nonlinear distortion caused mainly by power ampli๏ฌers in wireless transmitters. Partial transmit sequence (PTS) is one of the most attractive methods to reduce the PAPR in OFDM systems. It achieves considerable PAPR reduction without distortion, but it requires an exhaustive search over all the combinations of the given phase factors, which results in a computational complexity that increases exponentially with the number of partitions. For this optimization problem, we propose in this paper a suboptimal PTS method based on the self-adaptive multipopulation differential evolution algorithm (SAMDE). The self adaptation of control parameters and structured population, is able to obtain high quality solutions with low computational cost by evolving each sub-population of individuals over successive generations.
CS Based Channel Estimation for OFDM Systems under Long Delay Channels Using ...IJERA Editor
ย
Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is a technique which are used in the next-generation wireless communication. Channel estimation in the OFDM technique is one of the big challenges, ever since high-resolution channel estimation can significantly improve the equalization at the receiver and consequently enhance the communication performances. Channel computation using superimposed pilot sequences is also a fully new area, idea for using superimposed pilot sequences has been proposed by various authors for different applications. In this paper, we are introduced a high accurate, low complexity compressive sensing (CS) based channel estimation namely Auxiliary information based Subspace Pursuit (ASP) in TFT-OFDM systems. ASP based channel estimation in TFT-OFDM system is based on two steps. First is, by exploiting the signal structure of recently proposed TDM-OFDM scheme, the supporting channel information is obtained. Second is, we propose the supporting information based subspace pursuit (SP) algorithm to use a very small amount of frequency domain pilots embedded in the OFDM block used for the exact channel estimation. Moreover, the obtained auxiliary channel information is adopted to reduce the complexity of the conventional SP algorithm. Simulation results demonstrate a important reduction of the number of pilots relative to least-squares channel estimation and supporting high-order modulations like 256 QAM.
Low Peak to Average Power Ratio and High Spectral Efficiency Using Selective ...theijes
ย
A low complexity peak to average power ratio (PAPR) reduction scheme for orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems is proposed. All pass filters technique used PAPR is reduction but small amount of reduction, So use Selective Mapping (SLM) technique reduce PAPR and SNR increases.
Computationally Efficient Algorithm for Reducing PAPR in OFDM using Null Subc...idescitation
ย
A new algorithm is proposed which is used with
existing null-data subcarrier switching method of Peak to
Average Power Ratio (PAPR) reduction in OFDM to lower the
computational complexity. This proposed algorithm is very
simple and achieves significant reduction in computational
overhead without sacrificing PAPR reduction capability of
null-data subcarrier switching method. The proposed
algorithm is compatible with the current commercial systems
and it can be used with other existing algorithms to reduce
the computational overhead further. The proposed algorithm
is very useful in delay sensitive services. The effectiveness of
the proposed algorithm is demonstrated by presenting
simulation results of PAPR and computational time
requirement.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is a team of researchers not publication services or private publications running the journals for monetary benefits, we are association of scientists and academia who focus only on supporting authors who want to publish their work. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online, all the articles will be archived for real time access.
Our journal system primarily aims to bring out the research talent and the works done by sciaentists, academia, engineers, practitioners, scholars, post graduate students of engineering and science. This journal aims to cover the scientific research in a broader sense and not publishing a niche area of research facilitating researchers from various verticals to publish their papers. It is also aimed to provide a platform for the researchers to publish in a shorter of time, enabling them to continue further All articles published are freely available to scientific researchers in the Government agencies,educators and the general public. We are taking serious efforts to promote our journal across the globe in various ways, we are sure that our journal will act as a scientific platform for all researchers to publish their works online.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is a team of researchers not publication services or private publications running the journals for monetary benefits, we are association of scientists and academia who focus only on supporting authors who want to publish their work. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online, all the articles will be archived for real time access.
Our journal system primarily aims to bring out the research talent and the works done by sciaentists, academia, engineers, practitioners, scholars, post graduate students of engineering and science. This journal aims to cover the scientific research in a broader sense and not publishing a niche area of research facilitating researchers from various verticals to publish their papers. It is also aimed to provide a platform for the researchers to publish in a shorter of time, enabling them to continue further All articles published are freely available to scientific researchers in the Government agencies,educators and the general public. We are taking serious efforts to promote our journal across the globe in various ways, we are sure that our journal will act as a scientific platform for all researchers to publish their works online.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is a team of researchers not publication services or private publications running the journals for monetary benefits, we are association of scientists and academia who focus only on supporting authors who want to publish their work. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online, all the articles will be archived for real time access.
Our journal system primarily aims to bring out the research talent and the works done by sciaentists, academia, engineers, practitioners, scholars, post graduate students of engineering and science. This journal aims to cover the scientific research in a broader sense and not publishing a niche area of research facilitating researchers from various verticals to publish their papers. It is also aimed to provide a platform for the researchers to publish in a shorter of time, enabling them to continue further All articles published are freely available to scientific researchers in the Government agencies,educators and the general public. We are taking serious efforts to promote our journal across the globe in various ways, we are sure that our journal will act as a scientific platform for all researchers to publish their works online.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is a team of researchers not publication services or private publications running the journals for monetary benefits, we are association of scientists and academia who focus only on supporting authors who want to publish their work. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online, all the articles will be archived for real time access.
Our journal system primarily aims to bring out the research talent and the works done by sciaentists, academia, engineers, practitioners, scholars, post graduate students of engineering and science. This journal aims to cover the scientific research in a broader sense and not publishing a niche area of research facilitating researchers from various verticals to publish their papers. It is also aimed to provide a platform for the researchers to publish in a shorter of time, enabling them to continue further All articles published are freely available to scientific researchers in the Government agencies,educators and the general public. We are taking serious efforts to promote our journal across the globe in various ways, we are sure that our journal will act as a scientific platform for all researchers to publish their works online.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is a team of researchers not publication services or private publications running the journals for monetary benefits, we are association of scientists and academia who focus only on supporting authors who want to publish their work. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online, all the articles will be archived for real time access.
Our journal system primarily aims to bring out the research talent and the works done by sciaentists, academia, engineers, practitioners, scholars, post graduate students of engineering and science. This journal aims to cover the scientific research in a broader sense and not publishing a niche area of research facilitating researchers from various verticals to publish their papers. It is also aimed to provide a platform for the researchers to publish in a shorter of time, enabling them to continue further All articles published are freely available to scientific researchers in the Government agencies,educators and the general public. We are taking serious efforts to promote our journal across the globe in various ways, we are sure that our journal will act as a scientific platform for all researchers to publish their works online.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is a team of researchers not publication services or private publications running the journals for monetary benefits, we are association of scientists and academia who focus only on supporting authors who want to publish their work. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online, all the articles will be archived for real time access.
Our journal system primarily aims to bring out the research talent and the works done by sciaentists, academia, engineers, practitioners, scholars, post graduate students of engineering and science. This journal aims to cover the scientific research in a broader sense and not publishing a niche area of research facilitating researchers from various verticals to publish their papers. It is also aimed to provide a platform for the researchers to publish in a shorter of time, enabling them to continue further All articles published are freely available to scientific researchers in the Government agencies,educators and the general public. We are taking serious efforts to promote our journal across the globe in various ways, we are sure that our journal will act as a scientific platform for all researchers to publish their works online.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is a team of researchers not publication services or private publications running the journals for monetary benefits, we are association of scientists and academia who focus only on supporting authors who want to publish their work. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online, all the articles will be archived for real time access.
Our journal system primarily aims to bring out the research talent and the works done by sciaentists, academia, engineers, practitioners, scholars, post graduate students of engineering and science. This journal aims to cover the scientific research in a broader sense and not publishing a niche area of research facilitating researchers from various verticals to publish their papers. It is also aimed to provide a platform for the researchers to publish in a shorter of time, enabling them to continue further All articles published are freely available to scientific researchers in the Government agencies,educators and the general public. We are taking serious efforts to promote our journal across the globe in various ways, we are sure that our journal will act as a scientific platform for all researchers to publish their works online.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is a team of researchers not publication services or private publications running the journals for monetary benefits, we are association of scientists and academia who focus only on supporting authors who want to publish their work. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online, all the articles will be archived for real time access.
Our journal system primarily aims to bring out the research talent and the works done by sciaentists, academia, engineers, practitioners, scholars, post graduate students of engineering and science. This journal aims to cover the scientific research in a broader sense and not publishing a niche area of research facilitating researchers from various verticals to publish their papers. It is also aimed to provide a platform for the researchers to publish in a shorter of time, enabling them to continue further All articles published are freely available to scientific researchers in the Government agencies,educators and the general public. We are taking serious efforts to promote our journal across the globe in various ways, we are sure that our journal will act as a scientific platform for all researchers to publish their works online.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is a team of researchers not publication services or private publications running the journals for monetary benefits, we are association of scientists and academia who focus only on supporting authors who want to publish their work. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online, all the articles will be archived for real time access.
Our journal system primarily aims to bring out the research talent and the works done by sciaentists, academia, engineers, practitioners, scholars, post graduate students of engineering and science. This journal aims to cover the scientific research in a broader sense and not publishing a niche area of research facilitating researchers from various verticals to publish their papers. It is also aimed to provide a platform for the researchers to publish in a shorter of time, enabling them to continue further All articles published are freely available to scientific researchers in the Government agencies,educators and the general public. We are taking serious efforts to promote our journal across the globe in various ways, we are sure that our journal will act as a scientific platform for all researchers to publish their works online.
A low complexity partial transmit sequence scheme for better papr reduction i...eSAT Journals
ย
Abstract The main drawback of OFDM system is the high Peak to Average Power Ratio (PAPR) of the transmitted signals. Partial transmit sequence scheme is a promising algorithm to reduce the peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) in orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM). The Partial Transmit Sequence (PTS) consist of several inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT) operations and complicated calculations to obtain optimum phase sequence which results in increasing the computational complexity of PTS. A phase sequence applied to the PTS Scheme reduces its complexity but at the expense of slight degradation in PAPR reduction. In this paper, for further reduction of PAPR the peak clipping of the OFDM signal is introduced along with the PTS with new phase sequence scheme. Since clipping is one of the simplest techniques of PAPR reduction, it does not increase the complexity of the system much and a better PAPR reduction is obtained with the combined effect of clipping and PTS with New Phase Sequence. But the clipping technique introduce some distortion in the signal, however peak clipping of signal below a particular threshold can maintain the BER in the tolerable range. The clipping threshold selected will be different for different OFDM systems. Index Terms: OFDM, Peak to Average Power Ratio (PAPR), Partial Transmit Sequence (PTS), Clipping.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Performance Evaluation of PAPR Reduction with SER and BER by Modified Clippin...ijcsse
ย
This paper work focuses on performance analysis of PAPR reduction of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) using amplitude clipping & filtering based design. Now a days one of the most proficient multi-carrier transmission techniques widely used today is orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) which has been implemented by the next generation wireless communication technology: Long Term Evolution (LTE). Extra robustness to multipath fading and impulse noise is provided OFDM. It eliminates inter symbol interference (ISI) & inter carrier interference (ICI) with certain procedure. Therefore peak to average power ratio (PAPR) is the basic problem with OFDM. However in this paper we proposed a reduction procedure of the PAPR by using clipping and filtering. Here we use a composed high pass , low pass & Chevyshev band pass filter II after amplitude clipping to reduce the PAPR. The performance of the system in terms of bit error rate (BER) and symbol error rate (SER) is also investigated as a new filter based clipping method is proposed. Our proposed clipping method with and composed high pass the Chevyshev bandpass filter II in PAPR performance of the system with a little compromise of BER & SER showing the significant improvement in Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM).
Comparative Analysis of PAPR Reduction Techniques in OFDM Using Precoding Tec...IJSRD
ย
In this modern era, Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) has been proved to be an explicit promising technique for wired and wireless systems because of its several advantages like high spectral efficiency, robustness against frequency selective fading, relatively simple receiver implementation etc. Besides having a number of advantages OFDM suffers from few disadvantages like high Peak to Average Power Ratio (PAPR), Intercarrier Interference (ICI), Intersymbol Interference (ISI) etc. These detrimental effects, if not compensated properly and timely, can result in system performance degradation. This paper mainly concentrates on reduction of PAPR.A comparisons have been made between various precoding techniques against conventional OFDM.
Comparative performance analysis of different modulation techniques for papr ...IJCNCJournal
ย
One of the most important multi-carrier tran
smission techniques used in the latest wireless com
munication
arena is known as Orthogonal Frequency Division Mul
tiplexing (OFDM). It has several characteristics
such as providing greater immunity to multipath fad
ing & impulse noise, eliminating Inter Symbol
Interference (ISI) & Inter Carrier Interference (IC
I) using a guard interval known as Cyclic Prefix (C
P). A
regular difficulty of OFDM signal is high peak to a
verage power ratio (PAPR) which is defined as the r
atio
of the peak power to the average power of OFDM Sign
al. An improved design of amplitude clipping &
filtering technique of us previously reduced signif
icant amount of PAPR with slightly increase bit err
or rate
(BER) compare to an existing method in case of Quad
rature Phase Shift Keying (QPSK) & Quadrature
Amplitude Modulation (QAM). This paper investigates
a comparative performance analysis of the differen
t
higher order modulation techniques on that design.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
A NEW APPROACH TO IMPROVE THE PERFORMANCE OF OFDM SIGNAL FOR 6G COMMUNICATIONIJCNCJournal
ย
The orthogonal frequency division multiplexing is a very efficient modulation technique that can achieve
very high throughput by transmitting many carriers simultaneously and it is spectrally efficient because of
the proximity of the subcarriers. OFDM is used in 5G communication for higher data transmission. 6th
generation communication also demands OFDM, since it is more spectrally efficient and suitable for high
data transmission. The drawback of the OFDM includes peak to average power ratio and sensitivity to
carrier offsets and drifts. The usage of a non-linear power amplifier causes the signal spreading and leads
to inter-modulation and signal constellation distortion. These two distortions have an impact on the signalto-noise ratio and hence reduce the efficiency. The methods used to reduce PAPR are clipping and
filtering, selective mapping, partial transmit sequence, tone reservation, and injection and non-linear
commanding. The drawbacks of the above methods are computational complexity, spectrum inefficiency,
increase in bit error rate and PAPR rate. In this work, three effective methods are discussed and compared
to improve the performance parameters. These are adaptive peak window method based on harmonize
clipping, harmonics kernel adaptive filter and Slepian-based flat-top window techniques are presented to
reduce the BER, PAPR, and CCDF to improve the signal-to-noise of the system. This window technique
averages out the noise spread out in the spectrum and thus reduces the signal loss by minimizing peak to
average power ratio. The results are analyzed and compared with the existing conventional methods.
Finally, the reductions in PAPR, BER and CCDF obtained are discussed in the results and comparison
section. The proposed work has a higher signal-to-noise ratio than the conventional methods.
A New Approach to Improve the Performance of OFDM Signal for 6G CommunicationIJCNCJournal
ย
The orthogonal frequency division multiplexing is a very efficient modulation technique that can achieve very high throughput by transmitting many carriers simultaneously and it is spectrally efficient because of the proximity of the subcarriers. OFDM is used in 5G communication for higher data transmission. 6th generation communication also demands OFDM, since it is more spectrally efficient and suitable for high data transmission. The drawback of the OFDM includes peak to average power ratio and sensitivity to carrier offsets and drifts. The usage of a non-linear power amplifier causes the signal spreading and leads to inter-modulation and signal constellation distortion. These two distortions have an impact on the signalto-noise ratio and hence reduce the efficiency. The methods used to reduce PAPR are clipping and filtering, selective mapping, partial transmit sequence, tone reservation, and injection and non-linear commanding. The drawbacks of the above methods are computational complexity, spectrum inefficiency, increase in bit error rate and PAPR rate. In this work, three effective methods are discussed and compared to improve the performance parameters. These are adaptive peak window method based on harmonize clipping, harmonics kernel adaptive filter and Slepian-based flat-top window techniques are presented to reduce the BER, PAPR, and CCDF to improve the signal-to-noise of the system. This window technique averages out the noise spread out in the spectrum and thus reduces the signal loss by minimizing peak to average power ratio. The results are analyzed and compared with the existing conventional methods. Finally, the reductions in PAPR, BER and CCDF obtained are discussed in the results and comparison section. The proposed work has a higher signal-to-noise ratio than the conventional methods.
Performance analysis of papr reduction techniques in multicarrier modulation ...eSAT Journals
ย
Abstract Orthogonal FrequencyDivisionMultiplexing (OFDM) is one of the many multicarrier modulation techniques which provide high spectral efficiency, less vulnerability to echoes,low implementation complexity and resilience to non โ linear distortion. It is used in communication systems due to its various advantages. However, while this system is implemented problem of high peak โ to โ average power ratio(PAPR) is encountered. The reason behind this drawback is the existence of manyindependent subcarriers, due towhichthesignal amplitudecanhavehighpeakvalues as compared to average of whole system. The high PAPR in multicarrier transmission systems causes power degradation and spectrum spreading.Interleaving, Tone Reservation, Peak Reduction Carrier,Block Coding, Active Constellation Extension, Envelope ScalingareamongmanyPAPRreductionschemesthathavebeenproposedas a remedy to thisproblem. In this paper, performances of Amplitude Clipping and Filtering, Selected Level Mapping (SLM), and PartialTransmitSequence (PTS) techniques of PAPR reduction in OFDM systems by parameter variations are analyzed, based on Complementary Cumulative Distribution Function. An attempt has been made to simulate clipping and filtering technique with iterations and the simulation shows that PAPR problem is reduced as number of iterations increases. The attempts have also been made to simulate SLM technique and PTS technique by varying number of phase sequences, number of sub-blocks in SLM, PTS respectively and simulation results shows that by increasing the number of phase sequences, sub-blocks, PAPR can be reduced significantly.The mathematical equations are incorporated here to compute the maximum expected PAPR from an OFDM signal which shows when there is phase alignment of all sub carriers and sub carriers are equally modulated, then signal peak value hits the maximum. Besides these computer simulations, a comparative study of these three techniques is done.
Slack (or Teams) Automation for Bonterra Impact Management (fka Social Soluti...Jeffrey Haguewood
ย
Sidekick Solutions uses Bonterra Impact Management (fka Social Solutions Apricot) and automation solutions to integrate data for business workflows.
We believe integration and automation are essential to user experience and the promise of efficient work through technology. Automation is the critical ingredient to realizing that full vision. We develop integration products and services for Bonterra Case Management software to support the deployment of automations for a variety of use cases.
This video focuses on the notifications, alerts, and approval requests using Slack for Bonterra Impact Management. The solutions covered in this webinar can also be deployed for Microsoft Teams.
Interested in deploying notification automations for Bonterra Impact Management? Contact us at sales@sidekicksolutionsllc.com to discuss next steps.
Dev Dives: Train smarter, not harder โ active learning and UiPath LLMs for do...UiPathCommunity
ย
๐ฅ Speed, accuracy, and scaling โ discover the superpowers of GenAI in action with UiPath Document Understanding and Communications Miningโข:
See how to accelerate model training and optimize model performance with active learning
Learn about the latest enhancements to out-of-the-box document processing โ with little to no training required
Get an exclusive demo of the new family of UiPath LLMs โ GenAI models specialized for processing different types of documents and messages
This is a hands-on session specifically designed for automation developers and AI enthusiasts seeking to enhance their knowledge in leveraging the latest intelligent document processing capabilities offered by UiPath.
Speakers:
๐จโ๐ซ Andras Palfi, Senior Product Manager, UiPath
๐ฉโ๐ซ Lenka Dulovicova, Product Program Manager, UiPath
The Art of the Pitch: WordPress Relationships and SalesLaura Byrne
ย
Clients donโt know what they donโt know. What web solutions are right for them? How does WordPress come into the picture? How do you make sure you understand scope and timeline? What do you do if sometime changes?
All these questions and more will be explored as we talk about matching clientsโ needs with what your agency offers without pulling teeth or pulling your hair out. Practical tips, and strategies for successful relationship building that leads to closing the deal.
Let's dive deeper into the world of ODC! Ricardo Alves (OutSystems) will join us to tell all about the new Data Fabric. After that, Sezen de Bruijn (OutSystems) will get into the details on how to best design a sturdy architecture within ODC.
GDG Cloud Southlake #33: Boule & Rebala: Effective AppSec in SDLC using Deplo...James Anderson
ย
Effective Application Security in Software Delivery lifecycle using Deployment Firewall and DBOM
The modern software delivery process (or the CI/CD process) includes many tools, distributed teams, open-source code, and cloud platforms. Constant focus on speed to release software to market, along with the traditional slow and manual security checks has caused gaps in continuous security as an important piece in the software supply chain. Today organizations feel more susceptible to external and internal cyber threats due to the vast attack surface in their applications supply chain and the lack of end-to-end governance and risk management.
The software team must secure its software delivery process to avoid vulnerability and security breaches. This needs to be achieved with existing tool chains and without extensive rework of the delivery processes. This talk will present strategies and techniques for providing visibility into the true risk of the existing vulnerabilities, preventing the introduction of security issues in the software, resolving vulnerabilities in production environments quickly, and capturing the deployment bill of materials (DBOM).
Speakers:
Bob Boule
Robert Boule is a technology enthusiast with PASSION for technology and making things work along with a knack for helping others understand how things work. He comes with around 20 years of solution engineering experience in application security, software continuous delivery, and SaaS platforms. He is known for his dynamic presentations in CI/CD and application security integrated in software delivery lifecycle.
Gopinath Rebala
Gopinath Rebala is the CTO of OpsMx, where he has overall responsibility for the machine learning and data processing architectures for Secure Software Delivery. Gopi also has a strong connection with our customers, leading design and architecture for strategic implementations. Gopi is a frequent speaker and well-known leader in continuous delivery and integrating security into software delivery.
Essentials of Automations: Optimizing FME Workflows with ParametersSafe Software
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Are you looking to streamline your workflows and boost your projectsโ efficiency? Do you find yourself searching for ways to add flexibility and control over your FME workflows? If so, youโre in the right place.
Join us for an insightful dive into the world of FME parameters, a critical element in optimizing workflow efficiency. This webinar marks the beginning of our three-part โEssentials of Automationโ series. This first webinar is designed to equip you with the knowledge and skills to utilize parameters effectively: enhancing the flexibility, maintainability, and user control of your FME projects.
Hereโs what youโll gain:
- Essentials of FME Parameters: Understand the pivotal role of parameters, including Reader/Writer, Transformer, User, and FME Flow categories. Discover how they are the key to unlocking automation and optimization within your workflows.
- Practical Applications in FME Form: Delve into key user parameter types including choice, connections, and file URLs. Allow users to control how a workflow runs, making your workflows more reusable. Learn to import values and deliver the best user experience for your workflows while enhancing accuracy.
- Optimization Strategies in FME Flow: Explore the creation and strategic deployment of parameters in FME Flow, including the use of deployment and geometry parameters, to maximize workflow efficiency.
- Pro Tips for Success: Gain insights on parameterizing connections and leveraging new features like Conditional Visibility for clarity and simplicity.
Weโll wrap up with a glimpse into future webinars, followed by a Q&A session to address your specific questions surrounding this topic.
Donโt miss this opportunity to elevate your FME expertise and drive your projects to new heights of efficiency.
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 3DianaGray10
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Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 3. In this session, we will cover desktop automation along with UI automation.
Topics covered:
UI automation Introduction,
UI automation Sample
Desktop automation flow
Pradeep Chinnala, Senior Consultant Automation Developer @WonderBotz and UiPath MVP
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
JMeter webinar - integration with InfluxDB and GrafanaRTTS
ย
Watch this recorded webinar about real-time monitoring of application performance. See how to integrate Apache JMeter, the open-source leader in performance testing, with InfluxDB, the open-source time-series database, and Grafana, the open-source analytics and visualization application.
In this webinar, we will review the benefits of leveraging InfluxDB and Grafana when executing load tests and demonstrate how these tools are used to visualize performance metrics.
Length: 30 minutes
Session Overviewโ
-------------------------------------------
During this webinar, we will cover the following topics while demonstrating the integrations of JMeter, InfluxDB and Grafana:
- What out-of-the-box solutions are available for real-time monitoring JMeter tests?
- What are the benefits of integrating InfluxDB and Grafana into the load testing stack?
- Which features are provided by Grafana?
- Demonstration of InfluxDB and Grafana using a practice web application
To view the webinar recording, go to:
https://www.rttsweb.com/jmeter-integration-webinar
Epistemic Interaction - tuning interfaces to provide information for AI supportAlan Dix
ย
Paper presented at SYNERGY workshop at AVI 2024, Genoa, Italy. 3rd June 2024
https://alandix.com/academic/papers/synergy2024-epistemic/
As machine learning integrates deeper into human-computer interactions, the concept of epistemic interaction emerges, aiming to refine these interactions to enhance system adaptability. This approach encourages minor, intentional adjustments in user behaviour to enrich the data available for system learning. This paper introduces epistemic interaction within the context of human-system communication, illustrating how deliberate interaction design can improve system understanding and adaptation. Through concrete examples, we demonstrate the potential of epistemic interaction to significantly advance human-computer interaction by leveraging intuitive human communication strategies to inform system design and functionality, offering a novel pathway for enriching user-system engagements.
DevOps and Testing slides at DASA ConnectKari Kakkonen
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My and Rik Marselis slides at 30.5.2024 DASA Connect conference. We discuss about what is testing, then what is agile testing and finally what is Testing in DevOps. Finally we had lovely workshop with the participants trying to find out different ways to think about quality and testing in different parts of the DevOps infinity loop.
LF Energy Webinar: Electrical Grid Modelling and Simulation Through PowSyBl -...DanBrown980551
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Do you want to learn how to model and simulate an electrical network from scratch in under an hour?
Then welcome to this PowSyBl workshop, hosted by Rte, the French Transmission System Operator (TSO)!
During the webinar, you will discover the PowSyBl ecosystem as well as handle and study an electrical network through an interactive Python notebook.
PowSyBl is an open source project hosted by LF Energy, which offers a comprehensive set of features for electrical grid modelling and simulation. Among other advanced features, PowSyBl provides:
- A fully editable and extendable library for grid component modelling;
- Visualization tools to display your network;
- Grid simulation tools, such as power flows, security analyses (with or without remedial actions) and sensitivity analyses;
The framework is mostly written in Java, with a Python binding so that Python developers can access PowSyBl functionalities as well.
What you will learn during the webinar:
- For beginners: discover PowSyBl's functionalities through a quick general presentation and the notebook, without needing any expert coding skills;
- For advanced developers: master the skills to efficiently apply PowSyBl functionalities to your real-world scenarios.
Smart TV Buyer Insights Survey 2024 by 91mobiles.pdf91mobiles
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91mobiles recently conducted a Smart TV Buyer Insights Survey in which we asked over 3,000 respondents about the TV they own, aspects they look at on a new TV, and their TV buying preferences.
Accelerate your Kubernetes clusters with Varnish CachingThijs Feryn
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A presentation about the usage and availability of Varnish on Kubernetes. This talk explores the capabilities of Varnish caching and shows how to use the Varnish Helm chart to deploy it to Kubernetes.
This presentation was delivered at K8SUG Singapore. See https://feryn.eu/presentations/accelerate-your-kubernetes-clusters-with-varnish-caching-k8sug-singapore-28-2024 for more details.
Neuro-symbolic is not enough, we need neuro-*semantic*Frank van Harmelen
ย
Neuro-symbolic (NeSy) AI is on the rise. However, simply machine learning on just any symbolic structure is not sufficient to really harvest the gains of NeSy. These will only be gained when the symbolic structures have an actual semantics. I give an operational definition of semantics as โpredictable inferenceโ.
All of this illustrated with link prediction over knowledge graphs, but the argument is general.
Neuro-symbolic is not enough, we need neuro-*semantic*
ย
Ay4101287291
1. GarimaSinghal et al Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Applications www.ijera.com
ISSN : 2248-9622, Vol. 4, Issue 1( Version 1), January 2014, pp.287-291
RESEARCH ARTICLE
OPEN ACCESS
A Newsubblock Partition Technique for PTS in OFDM Systems
Garima Singhal1andManoj Kumar2
1
2
Dept.of Electronics and Communication, Bansthali University,India
Manager D&E, Bharat Electronics Limited, India
Abstract
In recent years, OFDM has gained a lot of interest in diverse-digital communication applications. This has been
due to its favorable properties like high spectral efficiency and robustness to channel fading. Some of the major
drawbacks in OFDM are its high peak-to-average-power ratio(PAPR) of the transmitted signals and the
synchronization of signals. In this paper, a new subblock partition technique has been proposed in which signal
subbands are partitioned in no. of subblocks using pseudo-random partitioned technique and then interleaved
partition technique is applied. It is observed that PAPR is reduced as compared to conventional PTS.
KeywordsโOrthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM), peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR), partial
transmit sequence (PTS), complementary cumulative distribution function (CCDF), inter-carrier-interference
(ICI),Power amplifier (PA)
necessitate adjacent bandwidth for operation.
OFDM makes on its own frequency networks
I. INTRODUCTION
possible, which is for the most part attractive for
OFDM is a special case of multicarrier
broadcasting applications.
transmission,where a single datastream is
Multicarrier systems are naturally more vulnerable
transmitted over a number oflower rate subcarriers.
to phase noise and frequency offset. Doppler shift
The main advantages of OFDM areits increased
and Frequency jitter between the transmitter and
robustness against frequency selective fadingor
receiver causes inter-carrier-interference (ICI)
narrowband interference as well as the efficient
which humiliates performance of the system unless
useof available bandwidth. Two major drawbacks of
suitable compensation techniques are employed.
OFDMsystems are the great sensitivity to time and
OFDM remains a chosen modulation scheme for
frequencysynchronization errors, and the high
upcoming broadband radio area systems because of
PAPR. Due to highPAPR, the amplified signal
its inherent flexibility in power loading across the
suffers from distortion and out-of-band noise when
subcarriers and concerning adaptive modulation.
passed through nonlinear devices, suchas a Power
This paper is organized as follows. In section II, we
Amplifier (PA). A solution to this problemis the use
discussed the principle of OFDM and PAPR
of highly linear Power Amplifiers (PA)
respectively; in section III, CCDF is discussed; in
withsufficient back-off. However this solution
section IV, conventional PTS for PAPR reduction is
comes at thepenalty of high power consumption.
reviewed; in section V, the principle and
Therefore, the use ofa PAPR reduction method, such
implementation of our approach is introduced in
as deliberately clipping [1],appropriate block coding
detail; in section VI, performance analysis of the
[2], or nonlinear predistortion ofthe transmit signal
proposed technique is given, finally section VII
[3] is essential. Two promising anddistortionless
concludes this paper.
techniques for improving the statistics of thePAPR
are the Selective Mapping approach [4] and the
PartialTransmit Sequence approach [5][6]. SLM and
II. OFDM AND PAPR
PTS-basedPAPR reduction can be exploited to
A. OFDM
achieve system-levellow-power operation in cases
OFDM is a block modulation scheme
of practical interest [7][8].
where a block of information symbols is transmitted
OFDM provides strength in favor of
in parallel on sub-carriers. The time duration of an
intersymbol interference and multipath fading
OFDM symbol is many times larger than that of a
because for the lower rate subcarriers, the symbol
single-carrier system. An OFDM modulator can be
period increases. And it also robust against
implemented as an inverse discrete Fourier
narrowband interference. With the utilization of
transform (IDFT) on a block of information symbols
adaptive modulation technique, OFDM allows
followed by an analog-to digital converter (ADC).
resourceful use of in band radio frequency (RF). It
enables the bandwidth-on-demand technology and
B. PAPR
privileged spectral efficiency. So OFDM does not
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2. GarimaSinghal et al Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Applications www.ijera.com
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Consider an OFDM system with N subcarriers. EachOFDM block(OFDM symbol), s(t), 0
โค t โค T, consists of Ncomplex baseband data X0 ,
X1,โฆ, Xn-1 carried on the Nsubcarriers respectively
for a symbol period of T. The OFDMsymbol s(t) is
1
๐โ1
๐ ๐ ๐ 2๐๐ ๐ ๐ก , 0 โค ๐ก โค ๐
๐ ๐ก = ๐ ๐=0 ๐
(1)
0, ๐๐กโ๐๐๐ค๐๐ ๐
Where โf = 1 T is the sub-carrier spacing and Xkis
thecomplex baseband data modulating the k-th
subcarrier for s(t).For the OFDM symbol s(t), the
peak instantaneous power is
๐ ๐๐๐ฅ = max ๐ (๐ก) 2
๐ก๐ [0,๐)
An OFDM symbol sequence can be represented
byโฆ, s(t), s(t ๏ซ๏ ๏๏ฉ๏ฌ๏ฎ๏ฎ๏ฎ๏ฌ๏ s(t ๏ซ๏ mT),โฆ. We define the
average power of the OFDM symbol sequence
following the approach as follows
(2)
๐๐๐ฃ ๐0, ๐1,โฆ ๐ ๐โ1
1
=
๐
๐โ1
๐ธ
๐๐
2
themodulation system. The CCDF of an OFDM
system to measure the PAPR can be given as
๐ถ๐ถ๐ท๐น = Pr โก
(๐๐ด๐๐ > ๐๐ด๐๐ 0 ) (6)
Where Pr is the probability distribution function and
PAPR0 is the threshold value.CCDF of PAPR can be
used to estimatethe bounds for the minimum number
of redundancy bits requiredto identify the PAPR
sequences and evaluate the performanceof any
PAPR reduction schemes.
IV. PARTIAL TRANSMIT
SEQUENCE
Partial Transmit Sequence (PTS) algorithm is a
technique for improving the statistics of a multicarrier signal. The basic idea of partial transmit
sequences algorithm is to divide the original OFDM
sequence into several sub-sequences, and for each
sub-sequence, multiplied by different weights until
an optimum value is chosen.
(3)
๐=0
Where๐ธ ๐ ๐ 2 is the expected value of ๐ ๐ 2 .The
peak average power ratio (PAPR) of the OFDM
symbol s(t) is
๐๐ด๐๐ =
๐ ๐๐๐ฅ
๐ ๐๐ฃ (๐0, ๐1, โฆ๐ ๐ โ1 )
=
max ๐ก๐ [0,๐) ๐ (๐ก) 2
1
๐
๐ โ1
๐=0 ๐ธ
๐๐ 2
(4)
If the power of input signal is standard, the
๐ธ ๐ ๐ 2 equalsto 1. Then
๐๐ด๐๐ = max ๐ก๐ [0,๐) ๐ (๐ก) 2 =
1
2
๐โ1
๐ 2๐โ๐๐ก
max ๐ก๐ [0,๐)
โค ๐(5)
๐ =0 ๐ ๐ ๐
๐
As a result, the PAPR value is not larger
than the number N of subcarriers, e.g. the peak
power value of OFDM signals is N times larger than
its average power. So, the maximum of PAPR
equals to N. With the increase in the number N of
sub channels, the maximum of PAPR increases
linearly. This makes high demands on the linear
range of the front-end amplifier in sending side.
Although the probability of largest PAPR is
low, in order to transfer these high PAPR of OFDM
signal with non-distortion, all the linearity of the
HPA in sending side, the front-end amplifier and
A/D converter should meet the high requirement.
But these equipments meeting the high requirement
are expensive. Therefore, it is necessary and
important to reduce PAPR in OFDM system.
III. CCDF
Cumulative distributive function is to
describe the probability of the random variable with
the
given
probabilitydistribution
function.
Complementary cumulative distributive function is
also called as tail distribution which is used to
illustrate the PAPR of OFDM signal. The output
curve is used to conclude the design parameters of
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Fig. 1 Block diagram of PTS algorithm
Fig. 1 is the block diagram of PTS algorithm. From
the left side of diagram, we see that the data
information in frequency domain X is separated into
V non-overlapping sub-blocks and each sub-block
vectors has the same size N. Hence, we know that
for every sub-block, it contains N/V nonzero
elements and set the rest part to zero. Assume that
these sub-blocks have the same size and no gap
between each other, the sub-block vector is given by
๐ = ๐ ๐ ๐ฃ ๐ ๐ฃ (7)
๐โ1
Where bv ๏ฝ e
j๏ชv
(๏ชv ๏ [0, 2๏ฐ ]){v ๏ฝ 1, 2,..., X v }
is a weighting factor been used for phase
rotation .The signal in time domain is obtained by
applying IFFT operation on , that is
๐
๐ฅ = ๐ผ๐น๐น๐ ๐ =
๐
๐ ๐ฃ ๐ผ๐น๐น๐ ๐ ๐ฃ =
๐ฃโ1
๐๐ฃ ๐๐ฃ
๐โ1
(8)
Select one suitable factor combination b =
[b1,b2,..,bv] which makes the result achieve
optimum. The combination can be given by
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3. GarimaSinghal et al Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Applications www.ijera.com
ISSN : 2248-9622, Vol. 4, Issue 1( Version 1), January 2014, pp.287-291
b ๏ฝ [b1, b 2,....bv] ๏ฝ
V
arg min( b1, b 2, .., bv )(max 1 ๏ฃ n ๏ฃ N | ๏ฅ bv xv |2 )
(9)
v ๏ฝ1
Whereargmin [(ยท)] is the judgment condition
that output the minimum value of function. In this
way we can find the best ๐ so as to optimize the
PAPR performance. The additional cost we have to
pay is the extra V-1 times IFFTs operation.
V. NEW SUBBLOCK PARTITION
SCHEME
PAPR
reduction
performance
and
computational complexity of PTS algorithm is
closely related to the sub-block partitions schemes.
In PTS-OFDM system, there exist three sub-block
partition schemes: adjacent partition, pseudorandom partition and interleaved partition. In Fig. 2,
graphs are shown for the illustration of these three
partition schemes. From the figure we can see that
adjacent partition is divide sequence into V subblocks, for each one, it contains N/V consecutive
sub-carriers. Conventional PTS uses adjacent
partitions scheme. In pseudo-random partition, each
sub-carrier can be randomly assigned to any position
of sub-block with the length V. The common point
of these three different partition schemes is that each
sub-carrier is only been assigned once, and the
length of each sub-sequence is same
Fig.2 Different sub-block Partitions schemes
In the proposed scheme, first signal subbands
are partitioned into n subblocks using pseudorandom partition scheme and then interleaved
partition scheme is applied on the subblocks.
VI. PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS
To evaluate and compare the performance
of the new subblock partition scheme with the
conventional PTS [13]-[14], computer simulation
has been performed where the number of subbands
in an OFDM symbol and sub- blocks are set to 1000
and 16, respectively. Constellation of quadriphase
shift keying (QPSK) is used as a signal mapper Fig.
3. According to simulation result, PAPR of new
subblock partition scheme is reduced by 0.20 units
from conventional PTS.
Fig 3: Simulation result of new subblock partition
scheme
VII. CONCLUSION
Large PAPR of transmitted signals may be
a main cause of performance degradation of OFDM
system. In conventional PTS OFDM to solve the
problem, computational complexity has been
increased extensively with increase of number of
subbands.
In this paper, new subblock partition
scheme has been proposed and its performance is
analysed. As a result of simulation, when number of
OFDM symbols is 1000 and number of subblock is
16,Modified PTS shows 0.20 units reduction from
conventional PTS.
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ISSN : 2248-9622, Vol. 4, Issue 1( Version 1), January 2014, pp.287-291
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