An autonomous vehicle or a driverless car (as we say in a common term) is a vehicle that is capable of sensing its environment and navigating without human inputs. All major car makers of the world are busy in developing and taking a lead in Autonomous vehicle development. Companies like Google, Nissan, Tesla, Uber, Toyota, Volvo & BMW are taking a lead and already testing their prototypes.

1. Autonomous Cars

2. In 1885, Karl Benz invented automobiles.
Later that year he took it for public view and true story – crashed into a wall.
Todays cars are stronger, having seat belts, air bags and other safety
features. For last 132 years we have been working around the least reliable
part of the car, the driver.

3. Every year the lives of approximately 1.25 million people are cut short as a result
of a road traffic crashes around the world.
Without sustained action, road traffic crashes are predicted to become the
seventh leading cause of death by 2030.
Problems are:
Road traffic injuries cause considerable economic losses to individuals,
their families, and to nations as a whole.
http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs358/en/ updated May 2017

4. In India alone 1.5 lakh people were killed in accidents in 2016.
This means 410 approx. people died on Indian roads every day in 2016.
This is almost equivalent to Boeing 747 falling from sky every day.
Road traffic injuries cause considerable economic losses to individuals,
their families, and to nations as a whole.
http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/410-people-died-on-indian-roads-every-day-last-
year/articleshow/58333548.cms Apr 24, 2017

5. Cars are sold to us like this…

6. Most of time driving is like this…
Source: http://www.nydailynews.com/news/national/snacking-driving-cost-new-jersey-article-
1.1530947

7. In India registered motor vehicles have grown at CAGR of 10.6 per cent while the
growth in the road network during the same period is 4.2 per cent.
This clearly shows that traffic really is substantially worse than it was earlier.
Source: "BASIC ROAD STATISTICS OF INDIA" - GOVERNMENT OF INDIA (MINISTRY OF ROAD TRANSPORT AND HIGHWAYS)

8. Huge monetary loss for Bangalore IT & BPO industry due to traffic = $6.50 billion
Below is the math:
Bangalore workforce (IT exports & BPO) = 800,000 approx.
Average commuting hours = 2 hrs / day / employee
Working days in a year = 235 approx.(five days in a week)
Hours spent in commute = 470 hrs / employee / year
Total hours lost due to commute = 800,000 * 470 = 376 million hours
Average revenue per employee (IT exports & BPO) = $32500 / year
Assuming people work for eight hours through 235 working days the average
hourly revenue per IT employee comes out to be = ((32500 / 235) / 8) = $ 17.29.
Annual monetary cost of traffic to Bangalore IT & BPO industry = $6.50 billion

9. This is Pratap. He is incredibly capable software engineer.
He works for a MNC in Gurgaon. He stays at Ram Nagar, New Delhi.
Everyday morning he takes a bus from Ram Nagar to New Delhi
Metro station Gate No3. From New Delhi Metro station he boards
a metro to Gurgaon. From Gurgaon metro station one of his college
picks him and they both reach office. In evening the journey is in
reverse order. Total journey time per day is 3:30 hrs instead of 2.00 hrs.
True story of Pratap
Every day he has to spend 1.30 hrs extra in
piecing together bits of public transit and
taking help from family & friends.
He does not have the same freedom as we
have to get around.
There are many of such Prataps in this world.
We should do some thing about them.

10. Solution is:
Self Driving Car

11. Advantages of Self Driving Cars
Roads will be safer. Number
of accidents will reduce. 70%
Traffic and fuel efficiency will greatly improve.
Driverless cars can drive much closer together.
More productive time.
According to McKinsey, commuters
worldwide could save a combined
of accidents will reduce. 70%
of accidents are due to driver
errors.
Driverless cars can drive much closer together.
Based on University of Texas study, on motorways,
if 90pc of cars were self-driving, road capacity would
be doubled and delays would be more than halved.
worldwide could save a combined
1 billion hours everyday once
autonomous vehicles go mainstream.
Revolutionizing Mobility
for Wheelchair Users

12. Under the hood:

13. Roadmap
2017 2019 2021 2025
Cars are fitted with
Cameras & radars.
Warn drivers of potential
hazards like front car has
suddenly brake or
pedestrian stepping out
Hands-off driving on the
motorway.
Drivers to release the
controls for a few
minutes at a time,
perhaps to check the
Fully autonomous driving
on motorways.
Cars will have “full sensor
pack”, including radars,
cameras and laser
Cars are fully autonomous.
Cars will be able to interact
with traffic lights, junctions
and roundabouts as well.
Full connectivity with allpedestrian stepping out
into the road. If driver
fails to react then car can
take corrective action.
Ex: Tesla Autopilot system
allows this at motorway
speeds too.
perhaps to check the
satnav or read an email,
before it prompts them to
take back control. If
required car will perform
a minimum risk
maneuver to bring itself
to a controlled safe stop.
cameras and laser
scanners, which will allow
them to “build up a
complete picture of the
immediate road and traffic
environment to navigate
safely within it.”
Full connectivity with all
vehicles and the road
infrastructure. V2V & V2I.
Driver wheel will be
removed and there is no
requirement to touch
controls.
Assisted Driving Autonomous Driving

14. Challenges of Self Driving Cars
Better Sensors & Software
Coming up with safety-critical, fail-safe
software for completely driverless cars
would require reimagining how software
is designed. Sensors need to be reliable,
compact and reasonably priced and
paired with detailed maps.
Sensing the surroundings
To a computer, a highway on a clear day
looks completely different than it does
in fog or at dusk or in snow. A self-driving
car must be able to distinguish between
dangerous and harmless situations.
Laws & Insurance
Change in transport laws and
insurance policies is required.
UK laws – “The Vehicle Technology
and Aviation Bill” talks about this
Unexpected encounters
Self-driving cars struggle to interpret
unusual situations, like a traffic officer
waving vehicles through a red light.
Simple rule-based programming won’t
always work because it’s impossible to
code for every scenario in advance.
Ethical dilemmas
In an online exercise called the Moral Machine,
players choose whom to save in different scenarios.
If you are about to hit an elderly woman or a child
running on the road, whom to save ?
Society will need to decide what rules and regulations
should govern self-driving cars.
Cybersecurity
Self-driving cars would
get updates and maps through
the cloud, would be at greater risk.

15. Tech Companies in India & Abroad World Wide
India
AGV IIT
Kharagpur
Re-Inventing Campus
Mobility
Team Manas
MIT
SeDriCa 1.0 –
Innovation Cell,
IIT Bombay

16. This is quite an urgent situation as the time you
are going through this presentation today 17are going through this presentation today 17
people have died in India alone on the road.

17. Resources
"BASIC ROAD STATISTICS OF INDIA" - GOVERNMENT OF INDIA (MINISTRY OF ROAD TRANSPORT AND HIGHWAYS)
Vehicle Technology and Aviation Bill - https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/bills/cbill/2016-2017/0143/cbill_2016-
20170143_en_2.htm
http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs358/en/
http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/410-people-died-on-indian-roads-every-day-last-year/articleshow/58333548.cms
http://www.nydailynews.com/news/national/snacking-driving-cost-new-jersey-article-1.1530947
https://qz.com/280082/the-true-cost-of-bangalores-traffic-gridlock-to-indias-it-industry-is-staggering/
http://www.businessinsider.in/tech/the-3-biggest-ways-self-driving-cars-will-improve-our-lives/slidelist/52697099.cms
https://www.sciencenews.org/article/five-challenges-self-driving-cars
https://www.livescience.com/50841-future-of-driverless-cars.html
http://www.siamindia.com/statistics.aspx?mpgid=8&pgidtrail=14
http://www.mospi.gov.in/statistical-year-book-india/2016/190
http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/In-2015-16-record-6029km-of-highways-constructed/articleshow/51771190.cmshttp://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/In-2015-16-record-6029km-of-highways-constructed/articleshow/51771190.cms
http://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/government-constructs-22-km-of-roads-per-day-misses-target-of-41-km-by-
half/story-nLLJazVO6TZlzgx7lIu7iO.html
http://www.indiaspend.com/investigations/indias-traffic-nightmare-roads-grow-4-vehicles-grow-11-2
http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bengaluru/Bengaluru-Kolkata-slowest-moving-metros/articleshow/50390186.cms
https://qz.com/280082/the-true-cost-of-bangalores-traffic-gridlock-to-indias-it-industry-is-staggering/
https://www.cbinsights.com/research/autonomous-driverless-vehicles-corporations-list/
http://iotindiamag.com/2017/03/startups-companies-race-make-driverless-cars-reality-indian-roads/
http://agv-iit-kgp.github.io/
http://auro.ai/
http://www.omnipresenttech.com/
http://www.insightiitb.org/2016/sedrica-1-0-innovation-cell-iit-bombay/

18. Thanks for your time

19. Appendix

21. Anti-lock brakes(ABS)
Electronic stability control (ESC)
Cruise control
Lane Departure Warning System
Technologies making a system fully Autonomous
Lane Departure Warning System
Self Parking
Automated Guided Vehicle Systems