An autonomous car, also known as a self-driving car, uses sensors and computer vision to navigate and drive with little to no human input. Autonomous cars use radar, lidar, sonar, GPS and computer vision to perceive their surroundings and an advanced control system to identify navigation paths and obstacles. There are six levels of vehicle automation from fully manual to fully autonomous without human intervention. Autonomous vehicles have advantages like reducing accidents, easing traffic, and stress-free parking, but also disadvantages like high costs, safety and security concerns, and sensors being prone to failure or hacking.

1. AUTONOMOUS CAR
By:
Maneesh kumar shukla

2. Introduction
A self-driving car,
also known as robot
car, autonomous
car, or driverless
car , is
a vehicle that is
capable of sensing
its environment and
moving with little
or no human input.

3.  Autonomous cars combine a variety of sensors to
perceive their surroundings, such
as radar, computer vision, Lidar, Sonar , GPS,
Advanced control systems interpret sensory
information to identify appropriate navigation
paths, as well as obstacles and relevant signage.

4. Autonomous Car

5. DIFFERENCES BETWEEN AUTONOMOUS &
AUTOMATED
 Generally, the difference
between automated &
autonomous is the degree of
human intervention.
 So driverless and
autonomous are nearer to
synonyms, as are self-
driving and automated. A
truly autonomous car would
decide on destination and
route as well as control
within the lanes.
 An automated car would
follow orders about
destination and route, and
may only adopt some
lane-keeping or car-
following guidance.
 An automated car does
not have the level of
intelligence or
independence that an
autonomous car has.
Autonomous vehicles Automated vehicles

6. Classifications
 A classification system based on six different levels (ranging
from fully manual to fully automated systems) was published in
2014 by SAE International.
Levels of driving automation
 Level 0: Automated system issues warnings and may
momentarily intervene but has no sustained vehicle control.
 Level 1 ("hands on"): The driver and the automated system
share control of the vehicle. Examples are Adaptive Cruise
Control (ACC), where the driver controls steering and the
automated system controls speed; and Parking Assistance, where
steering is automated while speed is under manual control. The
driver must be ready to retake full control at any time. Lane
Keeping Assistance (LKA) Type II is a further example of level
1 self-driving.

7.  Level 2 ("hands off"): The automated system takes full
control of the vehicle (accelerating, braking,
and steering). The driver must monitor the driving and
be prepared to intervene immediately at any time if the
automated system fails to respond properly
 Level 3 ("eyes off"): The driver can safely turn their
attention away from the driving tasks, e.g. the driver
can text or watch a movie. The vehicle will handle
situations that call for an immediate response, like
emergency braking.

8.  Level 4 ("mind off"): As level 3, but no driver
attention is ever required for safety, e.g. the driver
may safely go to sleep or leave the driver's seat.
Self-driving is supported only in limited spatial
areas or under special circumstances, like traffic
jams.
 Level 5 ("steering wheel optional"): No human
intervention is required at all. An example would
be a robotic taxi.

9. SAE Levels

10. Advantage
 Decreased the number of
accidents
 Lessens traffic jams
 Stress-free parking
 Time-saving vehicle
 Accessibility to
transportation

11. Disadvantages
 Expensive
 Safety and security concerns
 Prone to Hacking
 Non-functional sensors

12. Any Q ?
Thank you